mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Mixed Diffusion for 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis

arXiv 2405.21066 ↗First posted 31 May 2024cs.CVcited by 30

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

Generating realistic 3D scenes is an area of growing interest in computer vision and robotics. However, creating high-quality, diverse synthetic 3D content often requires expert intervention, making it costly and complex. Recently, efforts to automate this process with learning techniques, particularly diffusion models, have shown significant improvements in tasks like furniture rearrangement. However, applying diffusion models to floor-conditioned indoor scene synthesis remains under-explored. This task is especially challenging as it requires arranging objects in continuous space while selecting from discrete object categories, posing unique difficulties for conventional diffusion methods. To bridge this gap, we present MiDiffusion, a novel mixed discrete-continuous diffusion model designed to synthesize plausible 3D indoor scenes given a floor plan and pre-arranged objects. We represent a scene layout by a 2D floor plan and a set of objects, each defined by category, location, size, and orientation. Our approach uniquely applies structured corruption across mixed discrete semantic and continuous geometric domains, resulting in a better-conditioned problem for denoising. Evaluated on the 3D-FRONT dataset, MiDiffusion outperforms state-of-the-art autoregressive and diffusion models in floor-conditioned 3D scene synthesis. Additionally, it effectively handles partial object constraints via a corruption-and-masking strategy without task-specific training, demonstrating advantages in scene completion and furniture arrangement tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 48 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 May 2024.

Builds on

48 of 64 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024EchoScene: Indoor Scene Generation via Information Echo over Scene Graph Diffusion2 May
  2. 2023SceneTex: High-Quality Texture Synthesis for Indoor Scenes via Diffusion Priors28 Nov
  3. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models24 Jan

Other references · 45

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  5. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  6. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  7. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  8. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  9. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  10. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  11. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  12. 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
33 more
  1. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  2. 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
  3. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
  4. 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,186
  5. 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,184
  6. 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,036
  7. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 773
  8. 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
  9. 20203D-FRONT: 3D Furnished Rooms with layOuts and semaNTicscited by 375
  10. 2023LayoutGPT: Compositional Visual Planning and Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 337
  11. 20203D-FUTURE: 3D Furniture shape with TextUREcited by 306
  12. 2023Text2Room: Extracting Textured 3D Meshes from 2D Text-to-Image Modelscited by 245
  13. 2021ATISS: Autoregressive Transformers for Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 195
  14. 2023SceneScape: Text-Driven Consistent Scene Generationcited by 160
  15. 2020SceneFormer: Indoor Scene Generation with Transformerscited by 154
  16. 2023LayoutDM: Discrete Diffusion Model for Controllable Layout Generationcited by 141
  17. 2019Meta-Sim: Learning to Generate Synthetic Datasetscited by 128
  18. 2024InstructScene: Instruction-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis with Semantic Graph Priorcited by 110
  19. 2018Fast and Flexible Indoor Scene Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Generative Modelscited by 105
  20. 2023GraphDreamer: Compositional 3D Scene Synthesis from Scene Graphscited by 96
  21. 2018Structured Domain Randomization: Bridging the Reality Gap by Context-Aware Synthetic Datacited by 94
  22. 2024BlockFusion: Expandable 3D Scene Generation using Latent Tri-plane Extrapolationcited by 81
  23. 2023LEGO-Net: Learning Regular Rearrangements of Objects in Roomscited by 75
  24. 2018Human-centric Indoor Scene Synthesis Using Stochastic Grammarcited by 73
  25. 2018Deep Generative Modeling for Scene Synthesis via Hybrid Representationscited by 63
  26. 2020Meta-Sim2: Unsupervised Learning of Scene Structure for Synthetic Data Generationcited by 58
  27. 2023LayoutDM: Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Layout Generationcited by 57
  28. 2019SceneGraphNet: Neural Message Passing for 3D Indoor Scene Augmentationcited by 55
  29. 2023ControlRoom3D: Room Generation using Semantic Proxy Roomscited by 54
  30. 2020Generative Layout Modeling using Constraint Graphscited by 46
  31. 2018GRAINS: Generative Recursive Autoencoders for INdoor Scenescited by 38
  32. 2021Scene Synthesis via Uncertainty-Driven Attribute Synchronizationcited by 29
  33. 2021Indoor Scene Generation from a Collection of Semantic-Segmented Depth Imagescited by 27

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 12; 2026: 17.

30 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026SceneSmith: Agentic Generation of Simulation-Ready Indoor Scenescited by 39
  2. 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 26
  3. 2025HSM: Hierarchical Scene Motifs for Multi-Scale Indoor Scene Generationcited by 22
  4. 2025Controllable 3D Outdoor Scene Generation via Scene Graphscited by 9
  5. 2025Steerable Scene Generation with Post Training and Inference-Time Searchcited by 8
  6. 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Promptscited by 8
  7. 2025SemLayoutDiff: Semantic Layout Generation with Diffusion Model for Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 6
  8. 2025I-Scene: 3D Instance Models are Implicit Generalizable Spatial Learnerscited by 6
  9. 2025ReSpace: Text-Driven Autoregressive 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis and Editingcited by 5
  10. 2024Arena 4.0: A Comprehensive ROS2 Development and Benchmarking Platform for Human-centric Navigation Using Generative-Model-based Environment Generationcited by 4
  11. 20263D Scene Graphs: Open Challenges and Future Directionscited by 4
  12. 2025Learning to Place Objects with Programs and Iterative Self Trainingcited by 2
18 more
  1. 2025Scaffold Diffusion: Sparse Multi-Category Voxel Structure Generation with Discrete Diffusioncited by 2
  2. 2026SceneNAT: Masked Generative Modeling for Language-Guided Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 2
  3. 2026PanoWorld: A Generative Spatial World Model for Consistent Whole-House Panorama Synthesiscited by 2
  4. 2026One Video, One World: Turning Monocular Video into Physical 4D Scenescited by 2
  5. 2025GeoSceneGraph: Geometric Scene Graph Diffusion Model for Text-guided 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 1
  6. 2026CasLayout: Cascaded 3D Layout Diffusion for Indoor Scene Synthesis with Implicit Relation Modelingcited by 1
  7. 2026PAR3D: A Unified 3D-MLLM with Part-Aware Representation for Scene Understandingcited by 1
  8. 2026Agentic Designer: Progressive Multi-Agent Collaboration for Structure-Aware Interior Layout Generationcited by 1
  9. 2026iARCS: Iterative Agentic RL for Controllable 3D Scene Generationcited by 1
  10. 2026FuncRoom-Agent: Sequential Feed-Forward 3D Functional Indoor Scene Generationcited by 1
  11. 2025BIM-Native Tokenization for Constraint-Aware Room Layout Synthesiscited by 0
  12. 2026HomeDiffusion: Zero-Shot Object Customization with Multi-View Representation Learning for Indoor Scenescited by 0
  13. 2026Text-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis in Non-Manhattan Environmentscited by 0
  14. 20263D Scene Graph Prediction: Generating Hierarchical Models from Partially Observed Environmentscited by 0
  15. 2026GOPI: Generation-Oriented 3D Pose Inference for Furniture Insertion from Single-View RGB-D Indoor Scenescited by 0
  16. 2026Mira-Scene: Pixel-Aligned Layouts for Generative 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 0
  17. 2026Scene Retargeting: Learning Object Placement with Analogical Transfercited by 0
  18. 2026iADD: Improving Alignment and Diversity in Diffusion Policy Optimizationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023DiffuScene: Denoising Diffusion Models for Generative Indoor Scene Synthesis
  2. 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Survey
  3. 2023Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Scene-Scale 3D Categorical Data
  4. 2022RenderDiffusion: Image Diffusion for 3D Reconstruction, Inpainting and Generation
  5. 2026SceneFoundry: Generating Interactive Infinite 3D Worlds
  6. 2023DiffInDScene: Diffusion-based High-Quality 3D Indoor Scene Generation
  7. 2023Language-driven Scene Synthesis using Multi-conditional Diffusion Model
  8. 2023CommonScenes: Generating Commonsense 3D Indoor Scenes with Scene Graph Diffusion