Mixed Diffusion for 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis
On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation
Abstract (arXiv)
Generating realistic 3D scenes is an area of growing interest in computer vision and robotics. However, creating high-quality, diverse synthetic 3D content often requires expert intervention, making it costly and complex. Recently, efforts to automate this process with learning techniques, particularly diffusion models, have shown significant improvements in tasks like furniture rearrangement. However, applying diffusion models to floor-conditioned indoor scene synthesis remains under-explored. This task is especially challenging as it requires arranging objects in continuous space while selecting from discrete object categories, posing unique difficulties for conventional diffusion methods. To bridge this gap, we present MiDiffusion, a novel mixed discrete-continuous diffusion model designed to synthesize plausible 3D indoor scenes given a floor plan and pre-arranged objects. We represent a scene layout by a 2D floor plan and a set of objects, each defined by category, location, size, and orientation. Our approach uniquely applies structured corruption across mixed discrete semantic and continuous geometric domains, resulting in a better-conditioned problem for denoising. Evaluated on the 3D-FRONT dataset, MiDiffusion outperforms state-of-the-art autoregressive and diffusion models in floor-conditioned 3D scene synthesis. Additionally, it effectively handles partial object constraints via a corruption-and-masking strategy without task-specific training, demonstrating advantages in scene completion and furniture arrangement tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 48 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 May 2024.
Builds on
48 of 64 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024EchoScene: Indoor Scene Generation via Information Echo over Scene Graph Diffusion2 May
- 2023SceneTex: High-Quality Texture Synthesis for Indoor Scenes via Diffusion Priors28 Nov
- 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models24 Jan
Other references · 45
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
- 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
- 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
- 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
33 more
- 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
- 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
- 2018On the Continuity of Rotation Representations in Neural Networkscited by 1,186
- 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,184
- 2020Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 1,036
- 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 773
- 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
- 20203D-FRONT: 3D Furnished Rooms with layOuts and semaNTicscited by 375
- 2023LayoutGPT: Compositional Visual Planning and Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 337
- 20203D-FUTURE: 3D Furniture shape with TextUREcited by 306
- 2023Text2Room: Extracting Textured 3D Meshes from 2D Text-to-Image Modelscited by 245
- 2021ATISS: Autoregressive Transformers for Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 195
- 2023SceneScape: Text-Driven Consistent Scene Generationcited by 160
- 2020SceneFormer: Indoor Scene Generation with Transformerscited by 154
- 2023LayoutDM: Discrete Diffusion Model for Controllable Layout Generationcited by 141
- 2019Meta-Sim: Learning to Generate Synthetic Datasetscited by 128
- 2024InstructScene: Instruction-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis with Semantic Graph Priorcited by 110
- 2018Fast and Flexible Indoor Scene Synthesis via Deep Convolutional Generative Modelscited by 105
- 2023GraphDreamer: Compositional 3D Scene Synthesis from Scene Graphscited by 96
- 2018Structured Domain Randomization: Bridging the Reality Gap by Context-Aware Synthetic Datacited by 94
- 2024BlockFusion: Expandable 3D Scene Generation using Latent Tri-plane Extrapolationcited by 81
- 2023LEGO-Net: Learning Regular Rearrangements of Objects in Roomscited by 75
- 2018Human-centric Indoor Scene Synthesis Using Stochastic Grammarcited by 73
- 2018Deep Generative Modeling for Scene Synthesis via Hybrid Representationscited by 63
- 2020Meta-Sim2: Unsupervised Learning of Scene Structure for Synthetic Data Generationcited by 58
- 2023LayoutDM: Transformer-based Diffusion Model for Layout Generationcited by 57
- 2019SceneGraphNet: Neural Message Passing for 3D Indoor Scene Augmentationcited by 55
- 2023ControlRoom3D: Room Generation using Semantic Proxy Roomscited by 54
- 2020Generative Layout Modeling using Constraint Graphscited by 46
- 2018GRAINS: Generative Recursive Autoencoders for INdoor Scenescited by 38
- 2021Scene Synthesis via Uncertainty-Driven Attribute Synchronizationcited by 29
- 2021Indoor Scene Generation from a Collection of Semantic-Segmented Depth Imagescited by 27
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 12; 2026: 17.
30 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2026SceneSmith: Agentic Generation of Simulation-Ready Indoor Scenescited by 39
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 26
- 2025HSM: Hierarchical Scene Motifs for Multi-Scale Indoor Scene Generationcited by 22
- 2025Controllable 3D Outdoor Scene Generation via Scene Graphscited by 9
- 2025Steerable Scene Generation with Post Training and Inference-Time Searchcited by 8
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Promptscited by 8
- 2025SemLayoutDiff: Semantic Layout Generation with Diffusion Model for Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 6
- 2025I-Scene: 3D Instance Models are Implicit Generalizable Spatial Learnerscited by 6
- 2025ReSpace: Text-Driven Autoregressive 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis and Editingcited by 5
- 2024Arena 4.0: A Comprehensive ROS2 Development and Benchmarking Platform for Human-centric Navigation Using Generative-Model-based Environment Generationcited by 4
- 20263D Scene Graphs: Open Challenges and Future Directionscited by 4
- 2025Learning to Place Objects with Programs and Iterative Self Trainingcited by 2
18 more
- 2025Scaffold Diffusion: Sparse Multi-Category Voxel Structure Generation with Discrete Diffusioncited by 2
- 2026SceneNAT: Masked Generative Modeling for Language-Guided Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026PanoWorld: A Generative Spatial World Model for Consistent Whole-House Panorama Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026One Video, One World: Turning Monocular Video into Physical 4D Scenescited by 2
- 2025GeoSceneGraph: Geometric Scene Graph Diffusion Model for Text-guided 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026CasLayout: Cascaded 3D Layout Diffusion for Indoor Scene Synthesis with Implicit Relation Modelingcited by 1
- 2026PAR3D: A Unified 3D-MLLM with Part-Aware Representation for Scene Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Agentic Designer: Progressive Multi-Agent Collaboration for Structure-Aware Interior Layout Generationcited by 1
- 2026iARCS: Iterative Agentic RL for Controllable 3D Scene Generationcited by 1
- 2026FuncRoom-Agent: Sequential Feed-Forward 3D Functional Indoor Scene Generationcited by 1
- 2025BIM-Native Tokenization for Constraint-Aware Room Layout Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026HomeDiffusion: Zero-Shot Object Customization with Multi-View Representation Learning for Indoor Scenescited by 0
- 2026Text-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis in Non-Manhattan Environmentscited by 0
- 20263D Scene Graph Prediction: Generating Hierarchical Models from Partially Observed Environmentscited by 0
- 2026GOPI: Generation-Oriented 3D Pose Inference for Furniture Insertion from Single-View RGB-D Indoor Scenescited by 0
- 2026Mira-Scene: Pixel-Aligned Layouts for Generative 3D Scene Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Scene Retargeting: Learning Object Placement with Analogical Transfercited by 0
- 2026iADD: Improving Alignment and Diversity in Diffusion Policy Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026iADD: Improving Alignment and Diversity in Diffusion Policy Optimization1 Oct 2026
- 2026Scene Retargeting: Learning Object Placement with Analogical Transfer29 Sep 2026
- 2026Mira-Scene: Pixel-Aligned Layouts for Generative 3D Scene Reconstruction20 Sep 2026
- 2026FuncRoom-Agent: Sequential Feed-Forward 3D Functional Indoor Scene Generation30 Aug 2026
- 2026GOPI: Generation-Oriented 3D Pose Inference for Furniture Insertion from Single-View RGB-D Indoor Scenes7 Aug 2026
- 2026iARCS: Iterative Agentic RL for Controllable 3D Scene Generation6 Aug 2026
- 2026Agentic Designer: Progressive Multi-Agent Collaboration for Structure-Aware Interior Layout Generation23 Jul 2026
- 20263D Scene Graph Prediction: Generating Hierarchical Models from Partially Observed Environments12 Jul 2026
- 2026Text-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis in Non-Manhattan Environments2 Jul 2026
- 2026One Video, One World: Turning Monocular Video into Physical 4D Scenes30 Jun 2026
- 2026HomeDiffusion: Zero-Shot Object Customization with Multi-View Representation Learning for Indoor Scenes29 Jun 2026
- 20263D Scene Graphs: Open Challenges and Future Directions15 Jun 2026
18 more
- 2026PAR3D: A Unified 3D-MLLM with Part-Aware Representation for Scene Understanding4 Jun 2026
- 2026PanoWorld: A Generative Spatial World Model for Consistent Whole-House Panorama Synthesis18 May 2026
- 2026CasLayout: Cascaded 3D Layout Diffusion for Indoor Scene Synthesis with Implicit Relation Modeling30 Apr 2026
- 2026SceneSmith: Agentic Generation of Simulation-Ready Indoor Scenes9 Feb 2026
- 2026SceneNAT: Masked Generative Modeling for Language-Guided Indoor Scene Synthesis12 Jan 2026
- 2025I-Scene: 3D Instance Models are Implicit Generalizable Spatial Learners15 Dec 2025
- 2025BIM-Native Tokenization for Constraint-Aware Room Layout Synthesis4 Dec 2025
- 2025GeoSceneGraph: Geometric Scene Graph Diffusion Model for Text-guided 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis18 Nov 2025
- 2025Scaffold Diffusion: Sparse Multi-Category Voxel Structure Generation with Discrete Diffusion26 Aug 2025
- 2025SemLayoutDiff: Semantic Layout Generation with Diffusion Model for Indoor Scene Synthesis26 Aug 2025
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Prompts3 Jun 2025
- 2025ReSpace: Text-Driven Autoregressive 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis and Editing3 Jun 2025
- 2025Steerable Scene Generation with Post Training and Inference-Time Search7 May 2025
- 2025HSM: Hierarchical Scene Motifs for Multi-Scale Indoor Scene Generation21 Mar 2025
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis18 Mar 2025
- 2025Controllable 3D Outdoor Scene Generation via Scene Graphs10 Mar 2025
- 2025Learning to Place Objects with Programs and Iterative Self Training6 Mar 2025
- 2024Arena 4.0: A Comprehensive ROS2 Development and Benchmarking Platform for Human-centric Navigation Using Generative-Model-based Environment Generation19 Sep 2024
- 2025Steerable Scene Generation with Post Training and Inference-Time Searchcited by 8
- 2025SemLayoutDiff: Semantic Layout Generation with Diffusion Model for Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 6
- 2025Scaffold Diffusion: Sparse Multi-Category Voxel Structure Generation with Discrete Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025GeoSceneGraph: Geometric Scene Graph Diffusion Model for Text-guided 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026HomeDiffusion: Zero-Shot Object Customization with Multi-View Representation Learning for Indoor Scenescited by 0
- 20263D Scene Graph Prediction: Generating Hierarchical Models from Partially Observed Environmentscited by 0
- 2026iADD: Improving Alignment and Diversity in Diffusion Policy Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026iADD: Improving Alignment and Diversity in Diffusion Policy Optimization1 Oct 2026
- 20263D Scene Graph Prediction: Generating Hierarchical Models from Partially Observed Environments12 Jul 2026
- 2026HomeDiffusion: Zero-Shot Object Customization with Multi-View Representation Learning for Indoor Scenes29 Jun 2026
- 2025GeoSceneGraph: Geometric Scene Graph Diffusion Model for Text-guided 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis18 Nov 2025
- 2025Scaffold Diffusion: Sparse Multi-Category Voxel Structure Generation with Discrete Diffusion26 Aug 2025
- 2025SemLayoutDiff: Semantic Layout Generation with Diffusion Model for Indoor Scene Synthesis26 Aug 2025
- 2025Steerable Scene Generation with Post Training and Inference-Time Search7 May 2025
- 2025SceneEval: Evaluating Semantic Coherence in Text-Conditioned 3D Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 26
- 2025HSM: Hierarchical Scene Motifs for Multi-Scale Indoor Scene Generationcited by 22
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Promptscited by 8
- 2025I-Scene: 3D Instance Models are Implicit Generalizable Spatial Learnerscited by 6
- 2025ReSpace: Text-Driven Autoregressive 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis and Editingcited by 5
- 2024Arena 4.0: A Comprehensive ROS2 Development and Benchmarking Platform for Human-centric Navigation Using Generative-Model-based Environment Generationcited by 4
- 20263D Scene Graphs: Open Challenges and Future Directionscited by 4
- 2025Learning to Place Objects with Programs and Iterative Self Trainingcited by 2
- 2026SceneNAT: Masked Generative Modeling for Language-Guided Indoor Scene Synthesiscited by 2
- 2026One Video, One World: Turning Monocular Video into Physical 4D Scenescited by 2
- 2026CasLayout: Cascaded 3D Layout Diffusion for Indoor Scene Synthesis with Implicit Relation Modelingcited by 1
- 2026FuncRoom-Agent: Sequential Feed-Forward 3D Functional Indoor Scene Generationcited by 1
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Scene Retargeting: Learning Object Placement with Analogical Transfer29 Sep 2026
- 2026Mira-Scene: Pixel-Aligned Layouts for Generative 3D Scene Reconstruction20 Sep 2026
- 2026FuncRoom-Agent: Sequential Feed-Forward 3D Functional Indoor Scene Generation30 Aug 2026
- 2026GOPI: Generation-Oriented 3D Pose Inference for Furniture Insertion from Single-View RGB-D Indoor Scenes7 Aug 2026
- 2026Text-Driven 3D Indoor Scene Synthesis in Non-Manhattan Environments2 Jul 2026
- 2026One Video, One World: Turning Monocular Video into Physical 4D Scenes30 Jun 2026
- 20263D Scene Graphs: Open Challenges and Future Directions15 Jun 2026
- 2026CasLayout: Cascaded 3D Layout Diffusion for Indoor Scene Synthesis with Implicit Relation Modeling30 Apr 2026
- 2026SceneNAT: Masked Generative Modeling for Language-Guided Indoor Scene Synthesis12 Jan 2026
- 2025I-Scene: 3D Instance Models are Implicit Generalizable Spatial Learners15 Dec 2025
- 2025BIM-Native Tokenization for Constraint-Aware Room Layout Synthesis4 Dec 2025
- 2025FreeScene: Mixed Graph Diffusion for 3D Scene Synthesis from Free Prompts3 Jun 2025
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023DiffuScene: Denoising Diffusion Models for Generative Indoor Scene Synthesis
- 2024Diffusion Models in 3D Vision: A Survey
- 2023Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Scene-Scale 3D Categorical Data
- 2022RenderDiffusion: Image Diffusion for 3D Reconstruction, Inpainting and Generation
- 2026SceneFoundry: Generating Interactive Infinite 3D Worlds
- 2023DiffInDScene: Diffusion-based High-Quality 3D Indoor Scene Generation
- 2023Language-driven Scene Synthesis using Multi-conditional Diffusion Model
- 2023CommonScenes: Generating Commonsense 3D Indoor Scenes with Scene Graph Diffusion