SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentaries
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Abstract (arXiv)
Soccer is more than just a game - it is a passion that transcends borders and unites people worldwide. From the roar of the crowds to the excitement of the commentators, every moment of a soccer match is a thrill. Yet, with so many games happening simultaneously, fans cannot watch them all live. Notifications for main actions can help, but lack the engagement of live commentary, leaving fans feeling disconnected. To fulfill this need, we propose in this paper a novel task of dense video captioning focusing on the generation of textual commentaries anchored with single timestamps. To support this task, we additionally present a challenging dataset consisting of almost 37k timestamped commentaries across 715.9 hours of soccer broadcast videos. Additionally, we propose a first benchmark and baseline for this task, highlighting the difficulty of temporally anchoring commentaries yet showing the capacity to generate meaningful commentaries. By providing broadcasters with a tool to summarize the content of their video with the same level of engagement as a live game, our method could help satisfy the needs of the numerous fans who follow their team but cannot necessarily watch the live game. We believe our method has the potential to enhance the accessibility and understanding of soccer content for a wider audience, bringing the excitement of the game to more people.
Key facts. Cited by 57 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 57 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2023.
Builds on
57 of 89 references.
References · 57
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- 2022End-to-end Generative Pretraining for Multimodal Video Captioningcited by 115
- 2020Multi-modal Dense Video Captioningcited by 113
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50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 14; 2025: 16; 2026: 25.
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- 2024MatchTime: Towards Automatic Soccer Game Commentary Generationcited by 37
- 2024SoccerNet Game State Reconstruction: End-to-End Athlete Tracking and Identification on a Minimapcited by 34
- 2024X-VARS: Introducing Explainability in Football Refereeing with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 22
- 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understandingcited by 21
- 2023SoccerNet 2023 Challenges Resultscited by 20
- 2025TimeSoccer: An End-to-End Multimodal Large Language Model for Soccer Commentary Generationcited by 13
- 2024Multi-task Learning for Joint Re-identification, Team Affiliation, and Role Classification for Sports Visual Trackingcited by 12
- 2024SoccerNet-Echoes: A Soccer Game Audio Commentary Datasetcited by 12
- 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decisioncited by 11
- 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understandingcited by 10
- 2024Towards AI-Powered Video Assistant Referee System (VARS) for Association Footballcited by 8
- 2024SoccerNet 2024 Challenges Resultscited by 8
38 more
- 2025SoccerChat: Integrating Multimodal Data for Enhanced Soccer Game Understandingcited by 8
- 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Modelcited by 8
- 2024Foul prediction with estimated poses from soccer broadcast videocited by 7
- 2024Deep learning for action spotting in association football videoscited by 7
- 2025F3Set: Towards Analyzing Fast, Frequent, and Fine-grained Events from Videoscited by 7
- 2025LiveCC: Learning Video LLM with Streaming Speech Transcription at Scalecited by 7
- 2025Domain Adaptation of VLM for Soccer Video Understandingcited by 7
- 2025Player-Centric Multimodal Prompt Generation for Large Language Model Based Identity-Aware Basketball Video Captioningcited by 7
- 2025Sali4Vid: Saliency-Aware Video Reweighting and Adaptive Caption Retrieval for Dense Video Captioningcited by 4
- 2025From Multimodal Perception to Strategic Reasoning: A Survey on AI-Generated Game Commentarycited by 3
- 2025SV3.3B: A Sports Video Understanding Model for Action Recognitioncited by 3
- 2026Cut to the Chase: Training-free Multimodal Summarization via Chain-of-Eventscited by 3
- 2024Knowledge Guided Entity-aware Video Captioning and A Basketball Benchmarkcited by 2
- 2024OSL-ActionSpotting: A Unified Library for Action Spotting in Sports Videoscited by 2
- 2025Shot2Tactic-Caption: Multi-Scale Captioning of Badminton Videos for Tactical Understandingcited by 2
- 2025X-Ego: Acquiring Team-Level Tactical Situational Awareness via Cross-Egocentric Contrastive Video Representation Learningcited by 2
- 2026Stepping VLMs onto the Court: Benchmarking Spatial Intelligence in Sportscited by 2
- 2026GenTac: Generative Modeling and Forecasting of Soccer Tacticscited by 2
- 2024Investigating Event-Based Cameras for Video Frame Interpolation in Sportscited by 1
- 2025Do We Need Large VLMs for Spotting Soccer Actions?cited by 1
- 2025MCAD: Multimodal Context-Aware Audio Description Generation For Soccercited by 1
- 2026Follow the Saliency: Supervised Saliency for Retrieval-augmented Dense Video Captioningcited by 1
- 2026TennisExpert: Towards Expert-Level Analytical Sports Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Towards Automatic Soccer Commentary Generation with Knowledge-Enhanced Visual Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Towards Athlete Fatigue Assessment from Association Football Videoscited by 1
- 2026RefereeBench: Are Video MLLMs Ready to be Multi-Sport Refereescited by 1
- 2026SoccerNet 2026 Challenges Resultscited by 1
- 2024PLayerTV: Advanced Player Tracking and Identification for Automatic Soccer Highlight Clipscited by 0
- 2025Commentary Generation for Soccer Highlightscited by 0
- 2025TrajSV: A Trajectory-based Model for Sports Video Representations and Applicationscited by 0
- 2026Generalizing Sports Feedback Generation by Watching Competitions and Reading Books: A Rock Climbing Case Studycited by 0
- 2026BFMD: A Full-Match Badminton Dense Dataset for Dense Shot Captioningcited by 0
- 2026BoxComm: Benchmarking Category-Aware Commentary Generation and Narration Rhythm in Boxingcited by 0
- 2026SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeingcited by 0
- 2026SoccerLens: Grounded Soccer Video Understanding Beyond Accuracycited by 0
- 2026MSUE: Multi-Modal Soccer Understanding Expertcited by 0
- 2026TreeSoc: Tree-Structured Dynamic Reasoning and Tool Synergy for Soccer Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026VIABench: A Comprehensive Video Benchmark Collected from Blind Individuals for Visual Impairment Assistancecited by 0
50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026LLMs are General Asynchronous Agents28 Sep 2026
- 2026StreamSoccer: Event-Driven Memory for Streaming Soccer Commentary20 Aug 2026
- 2026PL-NBA: A Possession-level Universal Basketball Video Dataset Supporting Multiple Visual Understanding Tasks20 Aug 2026
- 2026A Survey of Large Models in Sports14 Aug 2026
- 2026Content Based Video Narration of Gameplay with Vision Language Models14 Aug 2026
- 2026NBA_Streaming: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Fine-Grained Basketball Commentary Generation in Continuous Streams10 Aug 2026
- 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Model27 Jul 2026
- 2026BasketEvent: Understanding Who Did What and When in Basketball Videos23 Jul 2026
- 2026VIABench: A Comprehensive Video Benchmark Collected from Blind Individuals for Visual Impairment Assistance16 Jul 2026
- 2026TreeSoc: Tree-Structured Dynamic Reasoning and Tool Synergy for Soccer Video Understanding13 Jul 2026
- 2026SoccerNet 2026 Challenges Results8 Jul 2026
- 2026MSUE: Multi-Modal Soccer Understanding Expert10 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026SoccerLens: Grounded Soccer Video Understanding Beyond Accuracy10 May 2026
- 2026SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeing25 Apr 2026
- 2026RefereeBench: Are Video MLLMs Ready to be Multi-Sport Referees17 Apr 2026
- 2026GenTac: Generative Modeling and Forecasting of Soccer Tactics13 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Athlete Fatigue Assessment from Association Football Videos7 Apr 2026
- 2026BoxComm: Benchmarking Category-Aware Commentary Generation and Narration Rhythm in Boxing6 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Automatic Soccer Commentary Generation with Knowledge-Enhanced Visual Reasoning31 Mar 2026
- 2026BFMD: A Full-Match Badminton Dense Dataset for Dense Shot Captioning26 Mar 2026
- 2026Follow the Saliency: Supervised Saliency for Retrieval-augmented Dense Video Captioning12 Mar 2026
- 2026TennisExpert: Towards Expert-Level Analytical Sports Video Understanding11 Mar 2026
- 2026Stepping VLMs onto the Court: Benchmarking Spatial Intelligence in Sports10 Mar 2026
- 2026Cut to the Chase: Training-free Multimodal Summarization via Chain-of-Events6 Mar 2026
- 2026Generalizing Sports Feedback Generation by Watching Competitions and Reading Books: A Rock Climbing Case Study9 Feb 2026
- 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understanding11 Dec 2025
- 2025MCAD: Multimodal Context-Aware Audio Description Generation For Soccer12 Nov 2025
- 2025X-Ego: Acquiring Team-Level Tactical Situational Awareness via Cross-Egocentric Contrastive Video Representation Learning22 Oct 2025
- 2025Shot2Tactic-Caption: Multi-Scale Captioning of Badminton Videos for Tactical Understanding16 Oct 2025
- 2025Sali4Vid: Saliency-Aware Video Reweighting and Adaptive Caption Retrieval for Dense Video Captioning4 Sep 2025
- 2025TrajSV: A Trajectory-based Model for Sports Video Representations and Applications15 Aug 2025
- 2025Commentary Generation for Soccer Highlights11 Aug 2025
- 2025Player-Centric Multimodal Prompt Generation for Large Language Model Based Identity-Aware Basketball Video Captioning27 Jul 2025
- 2025SV3.3B: A Sports Video Understanding Model for Action Recognition23 Jul 2025
- 2025Do We Need Large VLMs for Spotting Soccer Actions?20 Jun 2025
- 2025From Multimodal Perception to Strategic Reasoning: A Survey on AI-Generated Game Commentary17 Jun 2025
- 2025SoccerChat: Integrating Multimodal Data for Enhanced Soccer Game Understanding22 May 2025
- 2025Domain Adaptation of VLM for Soccer Video Understanding20 May 2025
- 2025TimeSoccer: An End-to-End Multimodal Large Language Model for Soccer Commentary Generation24 Apr 2025
- 2025LiveCC: Learning Video LLM with Streaming Speech Transcription at Scale22 Apr 2025
- 2025F3Set: Towards Analyzing Fast, Frequent, and Fine-grained Events from Videos11 Apr 2025
- 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understanding2 Dec 2024
- 2024Deep learning for action spotting in association football videos2 Oct 2024
- 2024SoccerNet 2024 Challenges Results16 Sep 2024
- 2024PLayerTV: Advanced Player Tracking and Identification for Automatic Soccer Highlight Clips22 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards AI-Powered Video Assistant Referee System (VARS) for Association Football17 Jul 2024
- 2024Investigating Event-Based Cameras for Video Frame Interpolation in Sports2 Jul 2024
- 2024OSL-ActionSpotting: A Unified Library for Action Spotting in Sports Videos1 Jul 2024
- 2024MatchTime: Towards Automatic Soccer Game Commentary Generation26 Jun 2024
- 2024SoccerNet-Echoes: A Soccer Game Audio Commentary Dataset12 May 2024
50 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2024X-VARS: Introducing Explainability in Football Refereeing with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 22
- 2025TimeSoccer: An End-to-End Multimodal Large Language Model for Soccer Commentary Generationcited by 13
- 2025Domain Adaptation of VLM for Soccer Video Understandingcited by 7
- 2026BoxComm: Benchmarking Category-Aware Commentary Generation and Narration Rhythm in Boxingcited by 0
- 2026SoccerLens: Grounded Soccer Video Understanding Beyond Accuracycited by 0
- 2026Content Based Video Narration of Gameplay with Vision Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Content Based Video Narration of Gameplay with Vision Language Models14 Aug 2026
- 2026SoccerLens: Grounded Soccer Video Understanding Beyond Accuracy10 May 2026
- 2026BoxComm: Benchmarking Category-Aware Commentary Generation and Narration Rhythm in Boxing6 Apr 2026
- 2025Domain Adaptation of VLM for Soccer Video Understanding20 May 2025
- 2025TimeSoccer: An End-to-End Multimodal Large Language Model for Soccer Commentary Generation24 Apr 2025
- 2024X-VARS: Introducing Explainability in Football Refereeing with Multi-Modal Large Language Model7 Apr 2024
- 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Modelcited by 8
- 2026Towards Automatic Soccer Commentary Generation with Knowledge-Enhanced Visual Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Generalizing Sports Feedback Generation by Watching Competitions and Reading Books: A Rock Climbing Case Studycited by 0
- 2026TreeSoc: Tree-Structured Dynamic Reasoning and Tool Synergy for Soccer Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Model27 Jul 2026
- 2026TreeSoc: Tree-Structured Dynamic Reasoning and Tool Synergy for Soccer Video Understanding13 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Automatic Soccer Commentary Generation with Knowledge-Enhanced Visual Reasoning31 Mar 2026
- 2026Generalizing Sports Feedback Generation by Watching Competitions and Reading Books: A Rock Climbing Case Study9 Feb 2026
- 2026SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeingcited by 0
- 2026LLMs are General Asynchronous Agentscited by 0
- 2026LLMs are General Asynchronous Agents28 Sep 2026
- 2026SoccerRef-Agents: Multi-Agent System for Automated Soccer Refereeing25 Apr 2026
- 2024MatchTime: Towards Automatic Soccer Game Commentary Generationcited by 37
- 2024SoccerNet Game State Reconstruction: End-to-End Athlete Tracking and Identification on a Minimapcited by 34
- 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understandingcited by 21
- 2023SoccerNet 2023 Challenges Resultscited by 20
- 2024Multi-task Learning for Joint Re-identification, Team Affiliation, and Role Classification for Sports Visual Trackingcited by 12
- 2024SoccerNet-Echoes: A Soccer Game Audio Commentary Datasetcited by 12
- 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decisioncited by 11
- 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understandingcited by 10
- 2024Towards AI-Powered Video Assistant Referee System (VARS) for Association Footballcited by 8
- 2024SoccerNet 2024 Challenges Resultscited by 8
- 2025SoccerChat: Integrating Multimodal Data for Enhanced Soccer Game Understandingcited by 8
- 2024Foul prediction with estimated poses from soccer broadcast videocited by 7
12 most cited of 45 All 45 (JSON)
- 2026StreamSoccer: Event-Driven Memory for Streaming Soccer Commentary20 Aug 2026
- 2026PL-NBA: A Possession-level Universal Basketball Video Dataset Supporting Multiple Visual Understanding Tasks20 Aug 2026
- 2026A Survey of Large Models in Sports14 Aug 2026
- 2026NBA_Streaming: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Fine-Grained Basketball Commentary Generation in Continuous Streams10 Aug 2026
- 2026BasketEvent: Understanding Who Did What and When in Basketball Videos23 Jul 2026
- 2026VIABench: A Comprehensive Video Benchmark Collected from Blind Individuals for Visual Impairment Assistance16 Jul 2026
- 2026SoccerNet 2026 Challenges Results8 Jul 2026
- 2026MSUE: Multi-Modal Soccer Understanding Expert10 Jun 2026
- 2026RefereeBench: Are Video MLLMs Ready to be Multi-Sport Referees17 Apr 2026
- 2026GenTac: Generative Modeling and Forecasting of Soccer Tactics13 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Athlete Fatigue Assessment from Association Football Videos7 Apr 2026
- 2026BFMD: A Full-Match Badminton Dense Dataset for Dense Shot Captioning26 Mar 2026
12 newest of 45 All 45 (JSON)