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SoccerNet: A Scalable Dataset for Action Spotting in Soccer Videos

arXiv 1804.04527 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2018cs.CVcited by 148

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we introduce SoccerNet, a benchmark for action spotting in soccer videos. The dataset is composed of 500 complete soccer games from six main European leagues, covering three seasons from 2014 to 2017 and a total duration of 764 hours. A total of 6,637 temporal annotations are automatically parsed from online match reports at a one minute resolution for three main classes of events (Goal, Yellow/Red Card, and Substitution). As such, the dataset is easily scalable. These annotations are manually refined to a one second resolution by anchoring them at a single timestamp following well-defined soccer rules. With an average of one event every 6.9 minutes, this dataset focuses on the problem of localizing very sparse events within long videos. We define the task of spotting as finding the anchors of soccer events in a video. Making use of recent developments in the realm of generic action recognition and detection in video, we provide strong baselines for detecting soccer events. We show that our best model for classifying temporal segments of length one minute reaches a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 67.8%. For the spotting task, our baseline reaches an Average-mAP of 49.7% for tolerances δ ranging from 5 to 60 seconds. Our dataset and models are available at https://silviogiancola.github.io/SoccerNet.

Key facts. Cited by 148 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2018.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 15; 2022: 15; 2023: 15; 2024: 26; 2025: 38; 2026: 39.

148 papers.

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  1. 2023MeMOTR: Long-Term Memory-Augmented Transformer for Multi-Object Trackingcited by 86
  2. 2022SoccerNet-Tracking: Multiple Object Tracking Dataset and Benchmark in Soccer Videoscited by 80
  3. 2023SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentariescited by 57
  4. 2025StreamMind: Unlocking Full Frame Rate Streaming Video Dialogue through Event-Gated Cognitioncited by 44
  5. 2021Camera Calibration and Player Localization in SoccerNet-v2 and Investigation of their Representations for Action Spottingcited by 43
  6. 2025Ask in Any Modality: A Comprehensive Survey on Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 42
  7. 2024Sports-QA: A Large-Scale Video Question Answering Benchmark for Complex and Professional Sportscited by 41
  8. 2023VARS: Video Assistant Referee System for Automated Soccer Decision Making from Multiple Viewscited by 38
  9. 2024MatchTime: Towards Automatic Soccer Game Commentary Generationcited by 37
  10. 2021Class Semantics-based Attention for Action Detectioncited by 36
  11. 2022DeepSportradar-v1: Computer Vision Dataset for Sports Understanding with High Quality Annotationscited by 35
  12. 2021Deep Learning-based Action Detection in Untrimmed Videos: A Surveycited by 32
38 more
  1. 2021Temporally-Aware Feature Pooling for Action Spotting in Soccer Broadcastscited by 30
  2. 2022SoccerNet 2022 Challenges Resultscited by 28
  3. 2021Feature Combination Meets Attention: Baidu Soccer Embeddings and Transformer based Temporal Detectioncited by 27
  4. 2022Temporally Precise Action Spotting in Soccer Videos Using Dense Detection Anchorscited by 27
  5. 2022A Survey on Video Action Recognition in Sports: Datasets, Methods and Applicationscited by 27
  6. 2025Improving LLM Video Understanding with 16 Frames Per Secondcited by 26
  7. 2022Semi-Supervised Training to Improve Player and Ball Detection in Soccercited by 25
  8. 2024X-VARS: Introducing Explainability in Football Refereeing with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 22
  9. 2025LiveStar: Live Streaming Assistant for Real-World Online Video Understandingcited by 22
  10. 2022A Comprehensive Review of Computer Vision in Sports: Open Issues, Future Trends and Research Directionscited by 21
  11. 2024T-DEED: Temporal-Discriminability Enhancer Encoder-Decoder for Precise Event Spotting in Sports Videoscited by 21
  12. 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understandingcited by 21
  13. 2023SoccerNet 2023 Challenges Resultscited by 20
  14. 2023NurViD: A Large Expert-Level Video Database for Nursing Procedure Activity Understandingcited by 20
  15. 2021RMS-Net: Regression and Masking for Soccer Event Spottingcited by 19
  16. 2024Dual DETRs for Multi-Label Temporal Action Detectioncited by 18
  17. 2025Multi-Agent System for Comprehensive Soccer Understandingcited by 18
  18. 2021Contrastive Learning for Sports Video: Unsupervised Player Classificationcited by 17
  19. 2023COMEDIAN: Self-Supervised Learning and Knowledge Distillation for Action Spotting using Transformerscited by 17
  20. 2024AutoSoccerPose: Automated 3D posture Analysis of Soccer Shot Movementscited by 15
  21. 2021Ice hockey player identification via transformers and weakly supervised learningcited by 14
  22. 2022Action Spotting using Dense Detection Anchors Revisited: Submission to the SoccerNet Challenge 2022cited by 14
  23. 2023Towards Active Learning for Action Spotting in Association Football Videoscited by 14
  24. 2024SportsHHI: A Dataset for Human-Human Interaction Detection in Sports Videoscited by 14
  25. 2024A Universal Protocol to Benchmark Camera Calibration for Sportscited by 14
  26. 2025WorldPose: A World Cup Dataset for Global 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 13
  27. 2025TimeSoccer: An End-to-End Multimodal Large Language Model for Soccer Commentary Generationcited by 13
  28. 2024SoccerNet-Echoes: A Soccer Game Audio Commentary Datasetcited by 12
  29. 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decisioncited by 11
  30. 2024Action Detection via an Image Diffusion Processcited by 11
  31. 2022Automatic event detection in football using tracking datacited by 10
  32. 2022Faster-TAD: Towards Temporal Action Detection with Proposal Generation and Classification in a Unified Networkcited by 10
  33. 2022A Graph-Based Method for Soccer Action Spotting Using Unsupervised Player Classificationcited by 10
  34. 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understandingcited by 10
  35. 2022Scene Consistency Representation Learning for Video Scene Segmentationcited by 9
  36. 2025Action Anticipation from SoccerNet Football Video Broadcastscited by 9
  37. 2024Unifying Global and Local Scene Entities Modelling for Precise Action Spottingcited by 8
  38. 2024Towards AI-Powered Video Assistant Referee System (VARS) for Association Footballcited by 8

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