Camera Calibration and Player Localization in SoccerNet-v2 and Investigation of their Representations for Action Spotting
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Abstract (arXiv)
Soccer broadcast video understanding has been drawing a lot of attention in recent years within data scientists and industrial companies. This is mainly due to the lucrative potential unlocked by effective deep learning techniques developed in the field of computer vision. In this work, we focus on the topic of camera calibration and on its current limitations for the scientific community. More precisely, we tackle the absence of a large-scale calibration dataset and of a public calibration network trained on such a dataset. Specifically, we distill a powerful commercial calibration tool in a recent neural network architecture on the large-scale SoccerNet dataset, composed of untrimmed broadcast videos of 500 soccer games. We further release our distilled network, and leverage it to provide 3 ways of representing the calibration results along with player localization. Finally, we exploit those representations within the current best architecture for the action spotting task of SoccerNet-v2, and achieve new state-of-the-art performances.
Key facts. Cited by 43 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2021.
Builds on
21 of 49 references.
References · 21
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
- 2020DeeperGCN: All You Need to Train Deeper GCNscited by 249
- 2018SoccerNet: A Scalable Dataset for Action Spotting in Soccer Videoscited by 148
- 2020SoccerNet-v2: A Dataset and Benchmarks for Holistic Understanding of Broadcast Soccer Videoscited by 129
- 2018Actions Speak Louder Than Goals: Valuing Player Actions in Soccercited by 90
- 2019A Context-Aware Loss Function for Action Spotting in Soccer Videoscited by 56
- 2018Sports Camera Calibration via Synthetic Datacited by 26
- 2020Improved Soccer Action Spotting using both Audio and Video Streamscited by 21
9 more
- 2020Using Player's Body-Orientation to Model Pass Feasibility in Soccercited by 20
- 2019Optimizing Through Learned Errors for Accurate Sports Field Registrationcited by 19
- 2021RMS-Net: Regression and Masking for Soccer Event Spottingcited by 19
- 2020Event detection in coarsely annotated sports videos via parallel multi receptive field 1D convolutionscited by 18
- 2020Real-Time Camera Pose Estimation for Sports Fieldscited by 17
- 2017Automated Top View Registration of Broadcast Football Videoscited by 15
- 2020Multimodal and multiview distillation for real-time player detection on a football fieldcited by 12
- 2020Self-Supervised Small Soccer Player Detection and Trackingcited by 12
- 2019Pan-tilt-zoom SLAM for Sports Videoscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 12; 2023: 6; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.
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- 2022SoccerNet-Tracking: Multiple Object Tracking Dataset and Benchmark in Soccer Videoscited by 80
- 2022Hard to Track Objects with Irregular Motions and Similar Appearances? Make It Easier by Buffering the Matching Spacecited by 66
- 2023SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentariescited by 57
- 2022DeepSportradar-v1: Computer Vision Dataset for Sports Understanding with High Quality Annotationscited by 35
- 2024SoccerNet Game State Reconstruction: End-to-End Athlete Tracking and Identification on a Minimapcited by 34
- 2022SoccerNet 2022 Challenges Resultscited by 28
- 2023GOAL: A Challenging Knowledge-grounded Video Captioning Benchmark for Real-time Soccer Commentary Generationcited by 28
- 2022Temporally Precise Action Spotting in Soccer Videos Using Dense Detection Anchorscited by 27
- 2021Dynamic Multi-Person Mesh Recovery From Uncalibrated Multi-View Camerascited by 26
- 2022Semi-Supervised Training to Improve Player and Ball Detection in Soccercited by 25
- 2022TVCalib: Camera Calibration for Sports Field Registration in Soccercited by 22
- 2024X-VARS: Introducing Explainability in Football Refereeing with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 22
31 more
- 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understandingcited by 21
- 2022Action Spotting using Dense Detection Anchors Revisited: Submission to the SoccerNet Challenge 2022cited by 14
- 2024A Universal Protocol to Benchmark Camera Calibration for Sportscited by 14
- 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decisioncited by 11
- 2022A Graph-Based Method for Soccer Action Spotting Using Unsupervised Player Classificationcited by 10
- 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understandingcited by 10
- 2024Unifying Global and Local Scene Entities Modelling for Precise Action Spottingcited by 8
- 2025SoccerChat: Integrating Multimodal Data for Enhanced Soccer Game Understandingcited by 8
- 2023Survey of Action Recognition, Spotting and Spatio-Temporal Localization in Soccer -- Current Trends and Research Perspectivescited by 7
- 2024Deep learning for action spotting in association football videoscited by 7
- 2024Enhancing Soccer Camera Calibration Through Keypoint Exploitationcited by 7
- 2021Extraction of Positional Player Data from Broadcast Soccer Videoscited by 5
- 2025DeepSport: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Comprehensive Sports Video Reasoning via Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2025SoccerNet-v3D: Leveraging Sports Broadcast Replays for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 4
- 2022KaliCalib: A Framework for Basketball Court Registrationcited by 3
- 2022ViewBirdiformer: Learning to recover ground-plane crowd trajectories and ego-motion from a single ego-centric viewcited by 3
- 2024Simultaneously Recovering Multi-Person Meshes and Multi-View Cameras with Human Semanticscited by 3
- 2022The Second-place Solution for CVPR 2022 SoccerNet Tracking Challengecited by 2
- 2024OSL-ActionSpotting: A Unified Library for Action Spotting in Sports Videoscited by 2
- 2025Pixels or Positions? Benchmarking Modalities in Group Activity Recognitioncited by 2
- 2026GenTac: Generative Modeling and Forecasting of Soccer Tacticscited by 2
- 2024Investigating Event-Based Cameras for Video Frame Interpolation in Sportscited by 1
- 2025Multi-Modal Soccer Scene Analysis with Masked Pre-Trainingcited by 1
- 2026Towards Athlete Fatigue Assessment from Association Football Videoscited by 1
- 2026SoccerNet 2026 Challenges Resultscited by 1
- 2023Event Detection in Football using Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 0
- 2023Homography Estimation in Complex Topological Scenescited by 0
- 2025SoccerTrack v2: A Full-Pitch Panoramic Video Dataset for Game State Reconstruction and Ball Action Spottingcited by 0
- 2025Motion Estimation for Multi-Object Tracking using KalmanNet with Semantic-Independent Encodingcited by 0
- 2026BasketEvent: Understanding Who Did What and When in Basketball Videoscited by 0
- 2026A Top-Down Framework for Metric-Scale Athlete Localization from Single Broadcast Framescited by 0
- 2026A Top-Down Framework for Metric-Scale Athlete Localization from Single Broadcast Frames2 Sep 2026
- 2026BasketEvent: Understanding Who Did What and When in Basketball Videos23 Jul 2026
- 2026SoccerNet 2026 Challenges Results8 Jul 2026
- 2026GenTac: Generative Modeling and Forecasting of Soccer Tactics13 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Athlete Fatigue Assessment from Association Football Videos7 Apr 2026
- 2025Multi-Modal Soccer Scene Analysis with Masked Pre-Training22 Dec 2025
- 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understanding11 Dec 2025
- 2025DeepSport: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Comprehensive Sports Video Reasoning via Agentic Reinforcement Learning17 Nov 2025
- 2025Pixels or Positions? Benchmarking Modalities in Group Activity Recognition16 Nov 2025
- 2025Motion Estimation for Multi-Object Tracking using KalmanNet with Semantic-Independent Encoding14 Sep 2025
- 2025SoccerTrack v2: A Full-Pitch Panoramic Video Dataset for Game State Reconstruction and Ball Action Spotting3 Aug 2025
- 2025SoccerChat: Integrating Multimodal Data for Enhanced Soccer Game Understanding22 May 2025
31 more
- 2025SoccerNet-v3D: Leveraging Sports Broadcast Replays for 3D Scene Understanding14 Apr 2025
- 2024Simultaneously Recovering Multi-Person Meshes and Multi-View Cameras with Human Semantics25 Dec 2024
- 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understanding2 Dec 2024
- 2024Enhancing Soccer Camera Calibration Through Keypoint Exploitation9 Oct 2024
- 2024Deep learning for action spotting in association football videos2 Oct 2024
- 2024Investigating Event-Based Cameras for Video Frame Interpolation in Sports2 Jul 2024
- 2024OSL-ActionSpotting: A Unified Library for Action Spotting in Sports Videos1 Jul 2024
- 2024SoccerNet Game State Reconstruction: End-to-End Athlete Tracking and Identification on a Minimap17 Apr 2024
- 2024Unifying Global and Local Scene Entities Modelling for Precise Action Spotting15 Apr 2024
- 2024A Universal Protocol to Benchmark Camera Calibration for Sports15 Apr 2024
- 2024X-VARS: Introducing Explainability in Football Refereeing with Multi-Modal Large Language Model7 Apr 2024
- 2023Survey of Action Recognition, Spotting and Spatio-Temporal Localization in Soccer -- Current Trends and Research Perspectives21 Sep 2023
- 2023Homography Estimation in Complex Topological Scenes2 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decision7 Jul 2023
- 2023SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentaries10 Apr 2023
- 2023GOAL: A Challenging Knowledge-grounded Video Captioning Benchmark for Real-time Soccer Commentary Generation26 Mar 2023
- 2023Event Detection in Football using Graph Convolutional Networks24 Jan 2023
- 2022Hard to Track Objects with Irregular Motions and Similar Appearances? Make It Easier by Buffering the Matching Space24 Nov 2022
- 2022The Second-place Solution for CVPR 2022 SoccerNet Tracking Challenge24 Nov 2022
- 2022A Graph-Based Method for Soccer Action Spotting Using Unsupervised Player Classification22 Nov 2022
- 2022ViewBirdiformer: Learning to recover ground-plane crowd trajectories and ego-motion from a single ego-centric view12 Oct 2022
- 2022SoccerNet 2022 Challenges Results5 Oct 2022
- 2022KaliCalib: A Framework for Basketball Court Registration16 Sep 2022
- 2022DeepSportradar-v1: Computer Vision Dataset for Sports Understanding with High Quality Annotations17 Aug 2022
- 2022TVCalib: Camera Calibration for Sports Field Registration in Soccer24 Jul 2022
- 2022Action Spotting using Dense Detection Anchors Revisited: Submission to the SoccerNet Challenge 202215 Jun 2022
- 2022Temporally Precise Action Spotting in Soccer Videos Using Dense Detection Anchors20 May 2022
- 2022SoccerNet-Tracking: Multiple Object Tracking Dataset and Benchmark in Soccer Videos14 Apr 2022
- 2022Semi-Supervised Training to Improve Player and Ball Detection in Soccer14 Apr 2022
- 2021Extraction of Positional Player Data from Broadcast Soccer Videos21 Oct 2021
- 2021Dynamic Multi-Person Mesh Recovery From Uncalibrated Multi-View Cameras20 Oct 2021
- 2022SoccerNet-Tracking: Multiple Object Tracking Dataset and Benchmark in Soccer Videoscited by 80
- 2022Hard to Track Objects with Irregular Motions and Similar Appearances? Make It Easier by Buffering the Matching Spacecited by 66
- 2023SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentariescited by 57
- 2022DeepSportradar-v1: Computer Vision Dataset for Sports Understanding with High Quality Annotationscited by 35
- 2024SoccerNet Game State Reconstruction: End-to-End Athlete Tracking and Identification on a Minimapcited by 34
- 2022SoccerNet 2022 Challenges Resultscited by 28
- 2023GOAL: A Challenging Knowledge-grounded Video Captioning Benchmark for Real-time Soccer Commentary Generationcited by 28
- 2022Temporally Precise Action Spotting in Soccer Videos Using Dense Detection Anchorscited by 27
- 2021Dynamic Multi-Person Mesh Recovery From Uncalibrated Multi-View Camerascited by 26
- 2022Semi-Supervised Training to Improve Player and Ball Detection in Soccercited by 25
- 2022TVCalib: Camera Calibration for Sports Field Registration in Soccercited by 22
- 2024Towards Universal Soccer Video Understandingcited by 21
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2026A Top-Down Framework for Metric-Scale Athlete Localization from Single Broadcast Frames2 Sep 2026
- 2026BasketEvent: Understanding Who Did What and When in Basketball Videos23 Jul 2026
- 2026SoccerNet 2026 Challenges Results8 Jul 2026
- 2026GenTac: Generative Modeling and Forecasting of Soccer Tactics13 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Athlete Fatigue Assessment from Association Football Videos7 Apr 2026
- 2025Multi-Modal Soccer Scene Analysis with Masked Pre-Training22 Dec 2025
- 2025SoccerMaster: A Vision Foundation Model for Soccer Understanding11 Dec 2025
- 2025Pixels or Positions? Benchmarking Modalities in Group Activity Recognition16 Nov 2025
- 2025Motion Estimation for Multi-Object Tracking using KalmanNet with Semantic-Independent Encoding14 Sep 2025
- 2025SoccerTrack v2: A Full-Pitch Panoramic Video Dataset for Game State Reconstruction and Ball Action Spotting3 Aug 2025
- 2025SoccerChat: Integrating Multimodal Data for Enhanced Soccer Game Understanding22 May 2025
- 2025SoccerNet-v3D: Leveraging Sports Broadcast Replays for 3D Scene Understanding14 Apr 2025
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)