Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Model
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Standard vision-language models (VLMs) suffer from Moravec's paradox: they excel at complex offline visual reasoning but struggle with simple streaming perception tasks and process them inefficiently. We present Mage-VL, an efficient codec-native streaming foundation model for real-time multimodal understanding and interaction. At its core, our custom tokenizer, Mage-ViT, replaces uniform frame sampling by selectively encoding dynamic, entropy-rich regions using motion vectors and residual energy across sparse anchor (I) and predicted (P) frames. Operating at a 16 x 16 patch level, this reduces visual token consumption by over 75% while preserving spatiotemporal context. Trained from scratch on approximately 560M unlabeled images and 100M unlabeled video frames, Mage-ViT matches or outperforms flagship encoders trained on billions of image-text pairs. We establish AI4AI data pipelines encompassing prompt-code joint optimization for multimodal captioning and AI-driven performance diagnosis to guide training recipes. Furthermore, through a bio-inspired dual-system architecture - a lightweight System 1 event gate and a causal System 2 decoder - Mage-VL enables proactive streaming perception. Extensive evaluations show that Mage-VL-4B matches Qwen3-VL-4B on static tasks while achieving strong gains in video understanding and 2D/3D spatial reasoning, with up to a 3.5x wall-clock inference speedup, and comprehensively surpasses the 15B Phi-4-reasoning-vision baseline. Beyond model artifacts, we deliver seven key empirical findings covering pre-training data efficiency, variable-resolution scaling, codec system acceleration, VideoQA SFT redundancy, motion-spatial synergy, AI4AI data pipelines, and Zero-Vision SFT for multimodal RL.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 135 of its 172 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2026.
Builds on
135 of 172 references.
Closest ancestors · 12
Same direction, newest first
- 2025TimeLens: Rethinking Video Temporal Grounding with Multimodal LLMs16 Dec
- 2025OpenMMReasoner: Pushing the Frontiers for Multimodal Reasoning with an Open and General Recipe20 Nov
- 2025Kimi-VL Technical Report10 Apr
- 2024DynaMath: A Dynamic Visual Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Robustness of Vision Language Models29 Oct
- 2024VISA: Reasoning Video Object Segmentation via Large Language Models16 Jul
- 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?1 Jul
- 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Models22 Mar
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset22 Feb
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
- 2023Perception Test: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Multimodal Video Models23 May
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning19 Mar
Other references · 123
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,703
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
38 more
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,876
- 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,793
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,598
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2013Describing Textures in the Wildcited by 2,125
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,917
- 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,909
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,718
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
- 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,620
- 2021ViViT: A Video Vision Transformercited by 1,620
- 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,555
- 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,471
- 2025DINOv3cited by 1,414
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
- 2022VideoMAE: Masked Autoencoders are Data-Efficient Learners for Self-Supervised Video Pre-Trainingcited by 1,322
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
- 2025SigLIP 2: Multilingual Vision-Language Encoders with Improved Semantic Understanding, Localization, and Dense Featurescited by 1,188
- 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,109
- 2021Video Swin Transformercited by 1,091
- 2023Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Modelscited by 1,062
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 1,021
- 2019HowTo100M: Learning a Text-Video Embedding by Watching Hundred Million Narrated Video Clipscited by 950
- 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 940
- 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 914
- 2021DynamicViT: Efficient Vision Transformers with Dynamic Token Sparsificationcited by 864
- 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
- 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMscited by 838
- 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
- 2021NExT-QA:Next Phase of Question-Answering to Explaining Temporal Actionscited by 744
- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 733
- 2024LongVideoBench: A Benchmark for Long-context Interleaved Video-Language Understandingcited by 665
50 most cited of 123 All 123 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 10.
10 papers.
- 2026Beyond Data Scaling: Representation-Centric Continued Pre-training for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 6
- 2026TLive-Omni: An Omni-Modal Understanding Model for E-Commerce Live Streamingcited by 2
- 2026Aero Realtime: Fully Aligned Input-Output Streams for Low-Latency Streaming Multimodal Generationcited by 1
- 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interactioncited by 1
- 2026LLMs are General Asynchronous Agentscited by 0
- 2026RESUME: Recurrent State Updates from Motion and Residual Signals for Efficient Video Language Modelingcited by 0
- 2026CoVisco: Codec-Native Vision Encoder with Native Token Compression for Unified Image-Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026FlashBack: Knowing When to Remember in Streaming Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Video Codec-Guided Training-Free Token Compression for Video Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026DeltaStreamer: Towards Human-Like Agentic Streaming Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026DeltaStreamer: Towards Human-Like Agentic Streaming Video Understanding14 Oct 2026
- 2026Video Codec-Guided Training-Free Token Compression for Video Large Language Models9 Oct 2026
- 2026OneStreamer: Unifying Perception, Memory, and Proactive Response in Streaming Video Interaction1 Oct 2026
- 2026FlashBack: Knowing When to Remember in Streaming Vision-Language Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026CoVisco: Codec-Native Vision Encoder with Native Token Compression for Unified Image-Video Understanding30 Sep 2026
- 2026RESUME: Recurrent State Updates from Motion and Residual Signals for Efficient Video Language Modeling30 Sep 2026
- 2026LLMs are General Asynchronous Agents28 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Data Scaling: Representation-Centric Continued Pre-training for Vision-Language-Action Models27 Aug 2026
- 2026TLive-Omni: An Omni-Modal Understanding Model for E-Commerce Live Streaming21 Aug 2026
- 2026Aero Realtime: Fully Aligned Input-Output Streams for Low-Latency Streaming Multimodal Generation9 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026StreamPI: Streaming Multimodal Temporal Modeling for Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2025StreamingVLM: Real-Time Understanding for Infinite Video Streams
- 2025MASSV: Multimodal Adaptation and Self-Data Distillation for Speculative Decoding of Vision-Language Models
- 2025LaViDa: A Large Diffusion Language Model for Multimodal Understanding
- 2026MAGIC: Multimodal Alignment & Grounding-aware Instruction Coreset for Vision-Language Models
- 2026CodecSight: Leveraging Video Codec Signals for Efficient Streaming VLM Inference
- 2026Towards Efficient Large Vision-Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey on Inference Strategies
- 2025OpenVision 2: A Family of Generative Pretrained Visual Encoders for Multimodal Learning