Prioritized Semantic Learning for Zero-shot Instance Navigation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We study zero-shot instance navigation, in which the agent navigates to a specific object without using object annotations for training. Previous object navigation approaches apply the image-goal navigation (ImageNav) task (go to the location of an image) for pretraining, and transfer the agent to achieve object goals using a vision-language model. However, these approaches lead to issues of semantic neglect, where the model fails to learn meaningful semantic alignments. In this paper, we propose a Prioritized Semantic Learning (PSL) method to improve the semantic understanding ability of navigation agents. Specifically, a semantic-enhanced PSL agent is proposed and a prioritized semantic training strategy is introduced to select goal images that exhibit clear semantic supervision and relax the reward function from strict exact view matching. At inference time, a semantic expansion inference scheme is designed to preserve the same granularity level of the goal semantic as training. Furthermore, for the popular HM3D environment, we present an Instance Navigation (InstanceNav) task that requires going to a specific object instance with detailed descriptions, as opposed to the Object Navigation (ObjectNav) task where the goal is defined merely by the object category. Our PSL agent outperforms the previous state-of-the-art by 66% on zero-shot ObjectNav in terms of success rate and is also superior on the new InstanceNav task. Code will be released at https://github.com/XinyuSun/PSL-InstanceNav.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2024.
Builds on
59 of 68 references.
References · 59
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- 2017Vision-and-Language Navigation: Interpreting visually-grounded navigation instructions in real environmentscited by 1,013
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50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 11; 2026: 16.
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- 2025UniGoal: Towards Universal Zero-shot Goal-oriented Navigationcited by 56
- 2025WMNav: Integrating Vision-Language Models into World Models for Object Goal Navigationcited by 42
- 2024TopV-Nav: Unlocking the Top-View Spatial Reasoning Potential of MLLM for Zero-shot Object Navigationcited by 15
- 2025GC-VLN: Instruction as Graph Constraints for Training-free Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 10
- 2026VLingNav: Embodied Navigation with Adaptive Reasoning and Visual-Assisted Linguistic Memorycited by 10
- 2024Collaborative Instance Object Navigation: Leveraging Uncertainty-Awareness to Minimize Human-Agent Dialoguescited by 7
- 2025From reactive to cognitive: brain-inspired spatial intelligence for embodied agentscited by 7
- 2025DORAEMON: Decentralized Ontology-aware Reliable Agent with Enhanced Memory Oriented Navigationcited by 6
- 2026LongNav-R1: Horizon-Adaptive Multi-Turn RL for Long-Horizon VLA Navigationcited by 5
- 20263DGSNav: Enhancing Vision-Language Model Reasoning for Object Navigation via Active 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025LGR: LLM-Guided Ranking of Frontiers for Object Goal Navigationcited by 2
- 2025RANa: Retrieval-Augmented Navigationcited by 2
18 more
- 2025LagMemo: Language 3D Gaussian Splatting Memory for Multi-modal Open-vocabulary Multi-goal Visual Navigationcited by 2
- 2025ESearch-R1: Learning Cost-Aware MLLM Agents for Interactive Embodied Search via Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2026LangMap: A Human-Verified Benchmark for Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary Goal Navigationcited by 2
- 2026ReMemNav: Memory-Based Decision Correction and Target Verification for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 2
- 2026PSG-Nav: Probabilistic Scene Graph Navigation via Multiverse Decision Makingcited by 2
- 2024CoNav: A Benchmark for Human-Centered Collaborative Navigationcited by 1
- 2025ImagineNav++: Prompting Vision-Language Models as Embodied Navigator through Scene Imaginationcited by 1
- 2026MerNav: A Highly Generalizable Memory-Execute-Review Framework for Zero-Shot Object Goal Navigationcited by 1
- 2026ReasonNavi: Human-Inspired Global Map Reasoning for Zero-Shot Embodied Navigationcited by 1
- 2026AERR-Nav: Adaptive Exploration-Recovery-Reminiscing Strategy for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 1
- 2026Memory Over Maps: 3D Object Localization Without Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026TrajRAG: Retrieving Geometric-Semantic Experience for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 1
- 2025SD-OVON: A Semantics-aware Dataset and Benchmark Generation Pipeline for Open-Vocabulary Object Navigation in Dynamic Scenescited by 0
- 2026NavTrust: Benchmarking Trustworthiness for Embodied Navigationcited by 0
- 2026Multi-Scale Gaussian-Language Map for Zero-shot Embodied Navigation and Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026ProCompNav: Proactive Instance Navigation with Comparative Judgment for Ambiguous User Queriescited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical 3D Scene Graph Construction and Belief-based Planning for Semantic Navigationcited by 0
- 2026VTM-Nav: Harnessing Cross-Episode Experience for Object-Goal Navigation with Hierarchical Visual-Topological Memorycited by 0
- 2026VTM-Nav: Harnessing Cross-Episode Experience for Object-Goal Navigation with Hierarchical Visual-Topological Memory16 Jul 2026
- 2026Hierarchical 3D Scene Graph Construction and Belief-based Planning for Semantic Navigation30 Jun 2026
- 2026PSG-Nav: Probabilistic Scene Graph Navigation via Multiverse Decision Making31 May 2026
- 2026ProCompNav: Proactive Instance Navigation with Comparative Judgment for Ambiguous User Queries7 May 2026
- 2026Multi-Scale Gaussian-Language Map for Zero-shot Embodied Navigation and Reasoning3 May 2026
- 2026TrajRAG: Retrieving Geometric-Semantic Experience for Zero-Shot Object Navigation3 May 2026
- 2026ReMemNav: Memory-Based Decision Correction and Target Verification for Zero-Shot Object Navigation25 Mar 2026
- 2026Memory Over Maps: 3D Object Localization Without Reconstruction20 Mar 2026
- 2026NavTrust: Benchmarking Trustworthiness for Embodied Navigation19 Mar 2026
- 2026AERR-Nav: Adaptive Exploration-Recovery-Reminiscing Strategy for Zero-Shot Object Navigation18 Mar 2026
- 2026LongNav-R1: Horizon-Adaptive Multi-Turn RL for Long-Horizon VLA Navigation12 Feb 2026
- 20263DGSNav: Enhancing Vision-Language Model Reasoning for Object Navigation via Active 3D Gaussian Splatting12 Feb 2026
18 more
- 2026MerNav: A Highly Generalizable Memory-Execute-Review Framework for Zero-Shot Object Goal Navigation5 Feb 2026
- 2026LangMap: A Human-Verified Benchmark for Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary Goal Navigation2 Feb 2026
- 2026ReasonNavi: Human-Inspired Global Map Reasoning for Zero-Shot Embodied Navigation26 Jan 2026
- 2026VLingNav: Embodied Navigation with Adaptive Reasoning and Visual-Assisted Linguistic Memory13 Jan 2026
- 2025ESearch-R1: Learning Cost-Aware MLLM Agents for Interactive Embodied Search via Reinforcement Learning21 Dec 2025
- 2025ImagineNav++: Prompting Vision-Language Models as Embodied Navigator through Scene Imagination19 Dec 2025
- 2025LagMemo: Language 3D Gaussian Splatting Memory for Multi-modal Open-vocabulary Multi-goal Visual Navigation28 Oct 2025
- 2025GC-VLN: Instruction as Graph Constraints for Training-free Vision-and-Language Navigation12 Sep 2025
- 2025From reactive to cognitive: brain-inspired spatial intelligence for embodied agents24 Aug 2025
- 2025DORAEMON: Decentralized Ontology-aware Reliable Agent with Enhanced Memory Oriented Navigation28 May 2025
- 2025SD-OVON: A Semantics-aware Dataset and Benchmark Generation Pipeline for Open-Vocabulary Object Navigation in Dynamic Scenes24 May 2025
- 2025RANa: Retrieval-Augmented Navigation4 Apr 2025
- 2025LGR: LLM-Guided Ranking of Frontiers for Object Goal Navigation26 Mar 2025
- 2025UniGoal: Towards Universal Zero-shot Goal-oriented Navigation13 Mar 2025
- 2025WMNav: Integrating Vision-Language Models into World Models for Object Goal Navigation4 Mar 2025
- 2024Collaborative Instance Object Navigation: Leveraging Uncertainty-Awareness to Minimize Human-Agent Dialogues2 Dec 2024
- 2024TopV-Nav: Unlocking the Top-View Spatial Reasoning Potential of MLLM for Zero-shot Object Navigation25 Nov 2024
- 2024CoNav: A Benchmark for Human-Centered Collaborative Navigation4 Jun 2024
- 2024TopV-Nav: Unlocking the Top-View Spatial Reasoning Potential of MLLM for Zero-shot Object Navigationcited by 15
- 20263DGSNav: Enhancing Vision-Language Model Reasoning for Object Navigation via Active 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025ESearch-R1: Learning Cost-Aware MLLM Agents for Interactive Embodied Search via Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2026ReasonNavi: Human-Inspired Global Map Reasoning for Zero-Shot Embodied Navigationcited by 1
- 20263DGSNav: Enhancing Vision-Language Model Reasoning for Object Navigation via Active 3D Gaussian Splatting12 Feb 2026
- 2026ReasonNavi: Human-Inspired Global Map Reasoning for Zero-Shot Embodied Navigation26 Jan 2026
- 2025ESearch-R1: Learning Cost-Aware MLLM Agents for Interactive Embodied Search via Reinforcement Learning21 Dec 2025
- 2024TopV-Nav: Unlocking the Top-View Spatial Reasoning Potential of MLLM for Zero-shot Object Navigation25 Nov 2024
- 2025ImagineNav++: Prompting Vision-Language Models as Embodied Navigator through Scene Imaginationcited by 1
- 2026Memory Over Maps: 3D Object Localization Without Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026TrajRAG: Retrieving Geometric-Semantic Experience for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 1
- 2026VTM-Nav: Harnessing Cross-Episode Experience for Object-Goal Navigation with Hierarchical Visual-Topological Memorycited by 0
- 2026VTM-Nav: Harnessing Cross-Episode Experience for Object-Goal Navigation with Hierarchical Visual-Topological Memory16 Jul 2026
- 2026TrajRAG: Retrieving Geometric-Semantic Experience for Zero-Shot Object Navigation3 May 2026
- 2026Memory Over Maps: 3D Object Localization Without Reconstruction20 Mar 2026
- 2025ImagineNav++: Prompting Vision-Language Models as Embodied Navigator through Scene Imagination19 Dec 2025
- 2024Collaborative Instance Object Navigation: Leveraging Uncertainty-Awareness to Minimize Human-Agent Dialoguescited by 7
- 2025From reactive to cognitive: brain-inspired spatial intelligence for embodied agentscited by 7
- 2025DORAEMON: Decentralized Ontology-aware Reliable Agent with Enhanced Memory Oriented Navigationcited by 6
- 2025From reactive to cognitive: brain-inspired spatial intelligence for embodied agents24 Aug 2025
- 2025DORAEMON: Decentralized Ontology-aware Reliable Agent with Enhanced Memory Oriented Navigation28 May 2025
- 2024Collaborative Instance Object Navigation: Leveraging Uncertainty-Awareness to Minimize Human-Agent Dialogues2 Dec 2024
- 2025RANa: Retrieval-Augmented Navigationcited by 2
- 2025RANa: Retrieval-Augmented Navigation4 Apr 2025
- 2025UniGoal: Towards Universal Zero-shot Goal-oriented Navigationcited by 56
- 2025GC-VLN: Instruction as Graph Constraints for Training-free Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 10
- 2026LongNav-R1: Horizon-Adaptive Multi-Turn RL for Long-Horizon VLA Navigationcited by 5
- 2025LGR: LLM-Guided Ranking of Frontiers for Object Goal Navigationcited by 2
- 2025LagMemo: Language 3D Gaussian Splatting Memory for Multi-modal Open-vocabulary Multi-goal Visual Navigationcited by 2
- 2026LangMap: A Human-Verified Benchmark for Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary Goal Navigationcited by 2
- 2026ReMemNav: Memory-Based Decision Correction and Target Verification for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 2
- 2026PSG-Nav: Probabilistic Scene Graph Navigation via Multiverse Decision Makingcited by 2
- 2024CoNav: A Benchmark for Human-Centered Collaborative Navigationcited by 1
- 2026MerNav: A Highly Generalizable Memory-Execute-Review Framework for Zero-Shot Object Goal Navigationcited by 1
- 2026AERR-Nav: Adaptive Exploration-Recovery-Reminiscing Strategy for Zero-Shot Object Navigationcited by 1
- 2025SD-OVON: A Semantics-aware Dataset and Benchmark Generation Pipeline for Open-Vocabulary Object Navigation in Dynamic Scenescited by 0
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Hierarchical 3D Scene Graph Construction and Belief-based Planning for Semantic Navigation30 Jun 2026
- 2026PSG-Nav: Probabilistic Scene Graph Navigation via Multiverse Decision Making31 May 2026
- 2026ProCompNav: Proactive Instance Navigation with Comparative Judgment for Ambiguous User Queries7 May 2026
- 2026Multi-Scale Gaussian-Language Map for Zero-shot Embodied Navigation and Reasoning3 May 2026
- 2026ReMemNav: Memory-Based Decision Correction and Target Verification for Zero-Shot Object Navigation25 Mar 2026
- 2026NavTrust: Benchmarking Trustworthiness for Embodied Navigation19 Mar 2026
- 2026AERR-Nav: Adaptive Exploration-Recovery-Reminiscing Strategy for Zero-Shot Object Navigation18 Mar 2026
- 2026LongNav-R1: Horizon-Adaptive Multi-Turn RL for Long-Horizon VLA Navigation12 Feb 2026
- 2026MerNav: A Highly Generalizable Memory-Execute-Review Framework for Zero-Shot Object Goal Navigation5 Feb 2026
- 2026LangMap: A Human-Verified Benchmark for Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary Goal Navigation2 Feb 2026
- 2025LagMemo: Language 3D Gaussian Splatting Memory for Multi-modal Open-vocabulary Multi-goal Visual Navigation28 Oct 2025
- 2025GC-VLN: Instruction as Graph Constraints for Training-free Vision-and-Language Navigation12 Sep 2025
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)
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