Affective Faces for Goal-Driven Dyadic Communication
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce a video framework for modeling the association between verbal and non-verbal communication during dyadic conversation. Given the input speech of a speaker, our approach retrieves a video of a listener, who has facial expressions that would be socially appropriate given the context. Our approach further allows the listener to be conditioned on their own goals, personalities, or backgrounds. Our approach models conversations through a composition of large language models and vision-language models, creating internal representations that are interpretable and controllable. To study multimodal communication, we propose a new video dataset of unscripted conversations covering diverse topics and demographics. Experiments and visualizations show our approach is able to output listeners that are significantly more socially appropriate than baselines. However, many challenges remain, and we release our dataset publicly to spur further progress. See our website for video results, data, and code: https://realtalk.cs.columbia.edu.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2023.
Builds on
38 of 59 references.
References · 38
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- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 6; 2025: 12; 2026: 11.
34 papers.
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- 2023Can Language Models Learn to Listen?cited by 40
- 2024INFP: Audio-Driven Interactive Head Generation in Dyadic Conversationscited by 40
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2025DualTalk: Dual-Speaker Interaction for 3D Talking Head Conversationscited by 31
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Surveycited by 25
- 2024CustomListener: Text-guided Responsive Interaction for User-friendly Listening Head Generationcited by 22
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotioncited by 17
- 2026Avatar Forcing: Real-Time Interactive Head Avatar Generation for Natural Conversationcited by 17
- 2024DreamDance: Animating Human Images by Enriching 3D Geometry Cues from 2D Posescited by 16
- 2025ARIG: Autoregressive Interactive Head Generation for Real-time Conversationscited by 16
- 2023Reversible Graph Neural Network-based Reaction Distribution Learning for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reactions Generationcited by 11
- 2023AgentAvatar: Disentangling Planning, Driving and Rendering for Photorealistic Avatar Agentscited by 11
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- 2026LPM 1.0: Video-based Character Performance Modelcited by 11
- 2025DiTaiListener: Controllable High Fidelity Listener Video Generation with Diffusioncited by 10
- 2025HumanSense: From Multimodal Perception to Empathetic Context-Aware Responses through Reasoning MLLMscited by 8
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challengecited by 5
- 2025DyStream: Streaming Dyadic Talking Heads Generation via Flow Matching-based Autoregressive Modelcited by 5
- 2025Exploring Timeline Control for Facial Motion Generationcited by 4
- 2025Latent Behavior Diffusion for Sequential Reaction Generation in Dyadic Settingcited by 3
- 2025VividListener: Expressive and Controllable Listener Dynamics Modeling for Multi-Modal Responsive Interactioncited by 2
- 2024How Video Meetings Change Your Expressioncited by 1
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- 2026Face-to-Face: A Video Dataset for Multi-Person Interaction Modelingcited by 1
- 2026EmbodiedHead: Real-Time Listening and Speaking Avatar for Conversational Agentscited by 1
- 2024Learning to Generate Context-Sensitive Backchannel Smiles for Embodied AI Agents with Applications in Mental Health Dialoguescited by 0
- 2025Warm Chat: Diffuse Emotion-aware Interactive Talking Head Avatar with Tree-Structured Guidancecited by 0
- 2025A Survey of Body and Face Motion: Datasets, Performance Evaluation Metrics and Generative Techniquescited by 0
- 2026Facial Expression Generation Aligned with Human Preference for Natural Dyadic Interactioncited by 0
- 2026Talking Together: Synthesizing Co-Located 3D Conversations from Audiocited by 0
- 2026ECHO: Towards Emotionally Appropriate and Contextually Aware Interactive Head Generationcited by 0
- 2026STEER: Steerable Dyadic Head Avatarscited by 0
- 2026EmotionDialogCN: A Spontaneous Multimodal Dataset for Mandarin Emotional Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026EvolvingAvatar: Interactive 3D Head Generation That Adapts as Conversations Unfoldcited by 0
- 2026GLARE: Generating Listening Heads with Appropriate Reactionscited by 0
- 2026GLARE: Generating Listening Heads with Appropriate Reactions30 Sep 2026
- 2026EvolvingAvatar: Interactive 3D Head Generation That Adapts as Conversations Unfold28 Sep 2026
- 2026EmotionDialogCN: A Spontaneous Multimodal Dataset for Mandarin Emotional Dialogue21 Aug 2026
- 2026STEER: Steerable Dyadic Head Avatars26 Jul 2026
- 2026EmbodiedHead: Real-Time Listening and Speaking Avatar for Conversational Agents19 Apr 2026
- 2026LPM 1.0: Video-based Character Performance Model9 Apr 2026
- 2026ECHO: Towards Emotionally Appropriate and Contextually Aware Interactive Head Generation18 Mar 2026
- 2026Face-to-Face: A Video Dataset for Multi-Person Interaction Modeling16 Mar 2026
- 2026Talking Together: Synthesizing Co-Located 3D Conversations from Audio9 Mar 2026
- 2026Facial Expression Generation Aligned with Human Preference for Natural Dyadic Interaction7 Mar 2026
- 2026Avatar Forcing: Real-Time Interactive Head Avatar Generation for Natural Conversation2 Jan 2026
- 2025DyStream: Streaming Dyadic Talking Heads Generation via Flow Matching-based Autoregressive Model30 Dec 2025
22 more
- 2025A Survey of Body and Face Motion: Datasets, Performance Evaluation Metrics and Generative Techniques9 Dec 2025
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey4 Sep 2025
- 2025Warm Chat: Diffuse Emotion-aware Interactive Talking Head Avatar with Tree-Structured Guidance25 Aug 2025
- 2025HumanSense: From Multimodal Perception to Empathetic Context-Aware Responses through Reasoning MLLMs14 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-human Interactive Talking Dataset5 Aug 2025
- 2025ARIG: Autoregressive Interactive Head Generation for Real-time Conversations1 Jul 2025
- 2025Exploring Timeline Control for Facial Motion Generation27 May 2025
- 2025DualTalk: Dual-Speaker Interaction for 3D Talking Head Conversations23 May 2025
- 2025Latent Behavior Diffusion for Sequential Reaction Generation in Dyadic Setting12 May 2025
- 2025VividListener: Expressive and Controllable Listener Dynamics Modeling for Multi-Modal Responsive Interaction30 Apr 2025
- 2025DiTaiListener: Controllable High Fidelity Listener Video Generation with Diffusion5 Apr 2025
- 2024INFP: Audio-Driven Interactive Head Generation in Dyadic Conversations5 Dec 2024
- 2024DreamDance: Animating Human Images by Enriching 3D Geometry Cues from 2D Poses30 Nov 2024
- 2024How Video Meetings Change Your Expression3 Jun 2024
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generation14 Mar 2024
- 2024CustomListener: Text-guided Responsive Interaction for User-friendly Listening Head Generation1 Mar 2024
- 2024Learning to Generate Context-Sensitive Backchannel Smiles for Embodied AI Agents with Applications in Mental Health Dialogues13 Feb 2024
- 2023AgentAvatar: Disentangling Planning, Driving and Rendering for Photorealistic Avatar Agents29 Nov 2023
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotion29 Sep 2023
- 2023Can Language Models Learn to Listen?21 Aug 2023
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challenge11 Jun 2023
- 2023Reversible Graph Neural Network-based Reaction Distribution Learning for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reactions Generation24 May 2023
- 2024DreamDance: Animating Human Images by Enriching 3D Geometry Cues from 2D Posescited by 16
- 2025DiTaiListener: Controllable High Fidelity Listener Video Generation with Diffusioncited by 10
- 2025DyStream: Streaming Dyadic Talking Heads Generation via Flow Matching-based Autoregressive Modelcited by 5
- 2025DyStream: Streaming Dyadic Talking Heads Generation via Flow Matching-based Autoregressive Model30 Dec 2025
- 2025DiTaiListener: Controllable High Fidelity Listener Video Generation with Diffusion5 Apr 2025
- 2024DreamDance: Animating Human Images by Enriching 3D Geometry Cues from 2D Poses30 Nov 2024
- 2023Can Language Models Learn to Listen?cited by 40
- 2024INFP: Audio-Driven Interactive Head Generation in Dyadic Conversationscited by 40
- 2024Dyadic Interaction Modeling for Social Behavior Generationcited by 32
- 2025DualTalk: Dual-Speaker Interaction for 3D Talking Head Conversationscited by 31
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Surveycited by 25
- 2024CustomListener: Text-guided Responsive Interaction for User-friendly Listening Head Generationcited by 22
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotioncited by 17
- 2026Avatar Forcing: Real-Time Interactive Head Avatar Generation for Natural Conversationcited by 17
- 2025ARIG: Autoregressive Interactive Head Generation for Real-time Conversationscited by 16
- 2023Reversible Graph Neural Network-based Reaction Distribution Learning for Multiple Appropriate Facial Reactions Generationcited by 11
- 2026LPM 1.0: Video-based Character Performance Modelcited by 11
- 2023REACT2023: the first Multi-modal Multiple Appropriate Facial Reaction Generation Challengecited by 5
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026GLARE: Generating Listening Heads with Appropriate Reactions30 Sep 2026
- 2026EvolvingAvatar: Interactive 3D Head Generation That Adapts as Conversations Unfold28 Sep 2026
- 2026EmotionDialogCN: A Spontaneous Multimodal Dataset for Mandarin Emotional Dialogue21 Aug 2026
- 2026STEER: Steerable Dyadic Head Avatars26 Jul 2026
- 2026EmbodiedHead: Real-Time Listening and Speaking Avatar for Conversational Agents19 Apr 2026
- 2026LPM 1.0: Video-based Character Performance Model9 Apr 2026
- 2026ECHO: Towards Emotionally Appropriate and Contextually Aware Interactive Head Generation18 Mar 2026
- 2026Face-to-Face: A Video Dataset for Multi-Person Interaction Modeling16 Mar 2026
- 2026Talking Together: Synthesizing Co-Located 3D Conversations from Audio9 Mar 2026
- 2026Avatar Forcing: Real-Time Interactive Head Avatar Generation for Natural Conversation2 Jan 2026
- 2025A Survey of Body and Face Motion: Datasets, Performance Evaluation Metrics and Generative Techniques9 Dec 2025
- 2025Human Motion Video Generation: A Survey4 Sep 2025
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)
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- 2024Multimodal Fusion with LLMs for Engagement Prediction in Natural Conversation
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- 2025Speaking Beyond Language: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset for Learning Nonverbal Cues from Video-Grounded Dialogues
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