ObjectFolder: A Dataset of Objects with Implicit Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Representations
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multisensory object-centric perception, reasoning, and interaction have been a key research topic in recent years. However, the progress in these directions is limited by the small set of objects available -- synthetic objects are not realistic enough and are mostly centered around geometry, while real object datasets such as YCB are often practically challenging and unstable to acquire due to international shipping, inventory, and financial cost. We present ObjectFolder, a dataset of 100 virtualized objects that addresses both challenges with two key innovations. First, ObjectFolder encodes the visual, auditory, and tactile sensory data for all objects, enabling a number of multisensory object recognition tasks, beyond existing datasets that focus purely on object geometry. Second, ObjectFolder employs a uniform, object-centric, and implicit representation for each object's visual textures, acoustic simulations, and tactile readings, making the dataset flexible to use and easy to share. We demonstrate the usefulness of our dataset as a testbed for multisensory perception and control by evaluating it on a variety of benchmark tasks, including instance recognition, cross-sensory retrieval, 3D reconstruction, and robotic grasping.
Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2021.
Builds on
32 of 60 references.
References · 32
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20 more
- 2020SAPIEN: A SimulAted Part-based Interactive ENvironmentcited by 584
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- 2020DIGIT: A Novel Design for a Low-Cost Compact High-Resolution Tactile Sensor with Application to In-Hand Manipulationcited by 164
- 2018Making Sense of Vision and Touch: Self-Supervised Learning of Multimodal Representations for Contact-Rich Taskscited by 150
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- 2020TACTO: A Fast, Flexible, and Open-source Simulator for High-Resolution Vision-based Tactile Sensorscited by 59
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- 2016The Curious Robot: Learning Visual Representations via Physical Interactionscited by 37
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- 2019Stochastic Prediction of Multi-Agent Interactions from Partial Observationscited by 26
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- 2019Making Sense of Audio Vibration for Liquid Height Estimation in Robotic Pouringcited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 18; 2023: 9; 2024: 11; 2025: 18; 2026: 9.
67 papers.
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- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2021Neural Descriptor Fields: SE(3)-Equivariant Object Representations for Manipulationcited by 204
- 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AIcited by 175
- 2024Binding Touch to Everything: Learning Unified Multimodal Tactile Representationscited by 94
- 2022Physics-Informed Machine Learning: A Survey on Problems, Methods and Applicationscited by 88
- 2022Touch and Go: Learning from Human-Collected Vision and Touchcited by 84
- 2022ObjectFolder 2.0: A Multisensory Object Dataset for Sim2Real Transfercited by 73
- 2024A Touch, Vision, and Language Dataset for Multimodal Alignmentcited by 68
- 2022See, Hear, and Feel: Smart Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulationcited by 61
- 2022SE(3)-Equivariant Relational Rearrangement with Neural Descriptor Fieldscited by 51
- 2025AnyTouch: Learning Unified Static-Dynamic Representation across Multiple Visuo-tactile Sensorscited by 46
- 2022Differentiable Physics Simulation of Dynamics-Augmented Neural Objectscited by 45
38 more
- 2023The ObjectFolder Benchmark: Multisensory Learning with Neural and Real Objectscited by 40
- 2024MultiPLY: A Multisensory Object-Centric Embodied Large Language Model in 3D Worldcited by 38
- 2024A survey of synthetic data augmentation methods in computer visioncited by 34
- 2024A Survey of Embodied Learning for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulationcited by 34
- 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Datasetcited by 29
- 2023Generating Visual Scenes from Touchcited by 26
- 2024Tactile-Augmented Radiance Fieldscited by 26
- 2022Play it by Ear: Learning Skills amidst Occlusion through Audio-Visual Imitation Learningcited by 22
- 2024Play to the Score: Stage-Guided Dynamic Multi-Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulationcited by 19
- 2025Large language models for artificial general intelligence (AGI): A survey of foundational principles and approachescited by 18
- 2022PACS: A Dataset for Physical Audiovisual CommonSense Reasoningcited by 17
- 2023Scene-Driven Multimodal Knowledge Graph Construction for Embodied AIcited by 17
- 2022Multimodal Conversational AI: A Survey of Datasets and Approachescited by 16
- 2023Learning Object-Centric Neural Scattering Functions for Free-Viewpoint Relighting and Scene Compositioncited by 15
- 2022Finding Fallen Objects Via Asynchronous Audio-Visual Integrationcited by 13
- 2023How to Train Neural Field Representations: A Comprehensive Study and Benchmarkcited by 12
- 2024TextToucher: Fine-Grained Text-to-Touch Generationcited by 11
- 2025OPENTOUCH: Bringing Full-Hand Touch to Real-World Interactioncited by 11
- 2022Canonical Fields: Self-Supervised Learning of Pose-Canonicalized Neural Fieldscited by 9
- 2025Demonstrating the Octopi-1.5 Visual-Tactile-Language Modelcited by 9
- 2023Sonicverse: A Multisensory Simulation Platform for Embodied Household Agents that See and Hearcited by 8
- 2023RealImpact: A Dataset of Impact Sound Fields for Real Objectscited by 8
- 2022Robust Change Detection Based on Neural Descriptor Fieldscited by 7
- 2025Universal Visuo-Tactile Video Understanding for Embodied Interactioncited by 7
- 2022ROAD: Learning an Implicit Recursive Octree Auto-Decoder to Efficiently Encode 3D Shapescited by 6
- 2024Towards Comprehensive Multimodal Perception: Introducing the Touch-Language-Vision Datasetcited by 6
- 2022Enhancing Generalizable 6D Pose Tracking of an In-Hand Object with Tactile Sensingcited by 5
- 2023M3Act: Learning from Synthetic Human Group Activitiescited by 5
- 2022Multiscale Sensor Fusion and Continuous Control with Neural CDEscited by 4
- 2022HM3D-ABO: A Photo-realistic Dataset for Object-centric Multi-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2022Impact Makes a Sound and Sound Makes an Impact: Sound Guides Representations and Explorationscited by 3
- 2025X-Capture: An Open-Source Portable Device for Multi-Sensory Learningcited by 3
- 2026DECO: Decoupled Multimodal Diffusion Transformer for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation with a Plugin Tactile Adaptercited by 3
- 2024NeST: Neural Stress Tensor Tomography by leveraging 3D Photoelasticitycited by 2
- 2025Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perceptioncited by 2
- 2025Hearing Hands: Generating Sounds from Physical Interactions in 3D Scenescited by 2
- 2025Collaborative Representation Learning for Alignment of Tactile, Language, and Vision Modalitiescited by 2
- 2026TaCo: A Benchmark for Lossless and Lossy Codecs of Heterogeneous Tactile Datacited by 2
50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026Objects as Audio-Visual Modal Sound Fields5 Aug 2026
- 2026A 3D-Printable Dataset for Fair Testing and Comparisons of Tactile Sensors24 Jun 2026
- 2026Tac-DINO: Learning Vision-Tactile Features with Patch Alignment10 Jun 2026
- 2026Tactile-based Multimodal Fusion in Embodied Intelligence: A Survey of Vision, Language, and Contact-Driven Paradigms17 May 2026
- 2026FlowTouch: View-Invariant Visuo-Tactile Prediction9 Mar 2026
- 2026OmniZip: Learning a Unified and Lightweight Lossless Compressor for Multi-Modal Data25 Feb 2026
- 2026TaCo: A Benchmark for Lossless and Lossy Codecs of Heterogeneous Tactile Data10 Feb 2026
- 2026BrokenBind: Universal Modality Exploration beyond Dataset Boundaries6 Feb 2026
- 2026DECO: Decoupled Multimodal Diffusion Transformer for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation with a Plugin Tactile Adapter5 Feb 2026
- 2025OPENTOUCH: Bringing Full-Hand Touch to Real-World Interaction18 Dec 2025
- 2025VibraVerse: A Large-Scale Geometry-Acoustics Alignment Dataset for Physically-Consistent Multimodal Learning25 Nov 2025
- 2025Segmenting Collision Sound Sources in Egocentric Videos17 Nov 2025
38 more
- 2025Collaborative Representation Learning for Alignment of Tactile, Language, and Vision Modalities14 Nov 2025
- 2025Clink! Chop! Thud! -- Learning Object Sounds from Real-World Interactions2 Oct 2025
- 2025Australian Supermarket Object Set (ASOS): A Benchmark Dataset of Physical Objects and 3D Models for Robotics and Computer Vision9 Sep 2025
- 2025Demonstrating the Octopi-1.5 Visual-Tactile-Language Model14 Jul 2025
- 2025Hearing Hands: Generating Sounds from Physical Interactions in 3D Scenes11 Jun 2025
- 2025Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perception3 Jun 2025
- 2025Universal Visuo-Tactile Video Understanding for Embodied Interaction28 May 2025
- 2025ControlTac: Scaling Tactile Data with Physically Controlled Tactile Image Generation26 May 2025
- 2025RETRO: REthinking Tactile Representation Learning with Material PriOrs20 May 2025
- 2025Modality Selection and Skill Segmentation via Cross-Modality Attention20 Apr 2025
- 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Dataset11 Apr 2025
- 2025X-Capture: An Open-Source Portable Device for Multi-Sensory Learning3 Apr 2025
- 2025Visual Acoustic Fields31 Mar 2025
- 2025AnyTouch: Learning Unified Static-Dynamic Representation across Multiple Visuo-tactile Sensors15 Feb 2025
- 2025Large language models for artificial general intelligence (AGI): A survey of foundational principles and approaches6 Jan 2025
- 2024TextToucher: Fine-Grained Text-to-Touch Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024A Survey of Embodied Learning for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulation21 Aug 2024
- 2024Play to the Score: Stage-Guided Dynamic Multi-Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulation2 Aug 2024
- 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AI9 Jul 2024
- 2024NeST: Neural Stress Tensor Tomography by leveraging 3D Photoelasticity14 Jun 2024
- 2024Tactile-Augmented Radiance Fields7 May 2024
- 2024A survey of synthetic data augmentation methods in computer vision15 Mar 2024
- 2024Towards Comprehensive Multimodal Perception: Introducing the Touch-Language-Vision Dataset14 Mar 2024
- 2024A Touch, Vision, and Language Dataset for Multimodal Alignment20 Feb 2024
- 2024Binding Touch to Everything: Learning Unified Multimodal Tactile Representations31 Jan 2024
- 2024MultiPLY: A Multisensory Object-Centric Embodied Large Language Model in 3D World16 Jan 2024
- 2023How to Train Neural Field Representations: A Comprehensive Study and Benchmark16 Dec 2023
- 2023Scene-Driven Multimodal Knowledge Graph Construction for Embodied AI7 Nov 2023
- 2023Generating Visual Scenes from Touch26 Sep 2023
- 2023M3Act: Learning from Synthetic Human Group Activities29 Jun 2023
- 2023RealImpact: A Dataset of Impact Sound Fields for Real Objects16 Jun 2023
- 2023The ObjectFolder Benchmark: Multisensory Learning with Neural and Real Objects1 Jun 2023
- 2023Sonicverse: A Multisensory Simulation Platform for Embodied Household Agents that See and Hear1 Jun 2023
- 2023An Extensible Multimodal Multi-task Object Dataset with Materials29 Apr 2023
- 2023Learning Object-Centric Neural Scattering Functions for Free-Viewpoint Relighting and Scene Composition10 Mar 2023
- 2022ROAD: Learning an Implicit Recursive Octree Auto-Decoder to Efficiently Encode 3D Shapes12 Dec 2022
- 2022See, Hear, and Feel: Smart Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulation7 Dec 2022
- 2022Canonical Fields: Self-Supervised Learning of Pose-Canonicalized Neural Fields5 Dec 2022
50 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
- 2021Neural Descriptor Fields: SE(3)-Equivariant Object Representations for Manipulationcited by 204
- 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AIcited by 175
- 2024Binding Touch to Everything: Learning Unified Multimodal Tactile Representationscited by 94
- 2022Physics-Informed Machine Learning: A Survey on Problems, Methods and Applicationscited by 88
- 2022Touch and Go: Learning from Human-Collected Vision and Touchcited by 84
- 2022ObjectFolder 2.0: A Multisensory Object Dataset for Sim2Real Transfercited by 73
- 2024A Touch, Vision, and Language Dataset for Multimodal Alignmentcited by 68
- 2022See, Hear, and Feel: Smart Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulationcited by 61
- 2022SE(3)-Equivariant Relational Rearrangement with Neural Descriptor Fieldscited by 51
- 2025AnyTouch: Learning Unified Static-Dynamic Representation across Multiple Visuo-tactile Sensorscited by 46
- 2022Differentiable Physics Simulation of Dynamics-Augmented Neural Objectscited by 45
12 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)
- 2026Objects as Audio-Visual Modal Sound Fields5 Aug 2026
- 2026A 3D-Printable Dataset for Fair Testing and Comparisons of Tactile Sensors24 Jun 2026
- 2026Tac-DINO: Learning Vision-Tactile Features with Patch Alignment10 Jun 2026
- 2026Tactile-based Multimodal Fusion in Embodied Intelligence: A Survey of Vision, Language, and Contact-Driven Paradigms17 May 2026
- 2026FlowTouch: View-Invariant Visuo-Tactile Prediction9 Mar 2026
- 2026OmniZip: Learning a Unified and Lightweight Lossless Compressor for Multi-Modal Data25 Feb 2026
- 2026TaCo: A Benchmark for Lossless and Lossy Codecs of Heterogeneous Tactile Data10 Feb 2026
- 2026BrokenBind: Universal Modality Exploration beyond Dataset Boundaries6 Feb 2026
- 2025OPENTOUCH: Bringing Full-Hand Touch to Real-World Interaction18 Dec 2025
- 2025VibraVerse: A Large-Scale Geometry-Acoustics Alignment Dataset for Physically-Consistent Multimodal Learning25 Nov 2025
- 2025Segmenting Collision Sound Sources in Egocentric Videos17 Nov 2025
- 2025Collaborative Representation Learning for Alignment of Tactile, Language, and Vision Modalities14 Nov 2025
12 newest of 63 All 63 (JSON)