mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ObjectFolder: A Dataset of Objects with Implicit Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Representations

arXiv 2109.07991 ↗First posted 16 Sep 2021cs.RO cs.CV cs.GRcited by 67

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Abstract (arXiv)

Multisensory object-centric perception, reasoning, and interaction have been a key research topic in recent years. However, the progress in these directions is limited by the small set of objects available -- synthetic objects are not realistic enough and are mostly centered around geometry, while real object datasets such as YCB are often practically challenging and unstable to acquire due to international shipping, inventory, and financial cost. We present ObjectFolder, a dataset of 100 virtualized objects that addresses both challenges with two key innovations. First, ObjectFolder encodes the visual, auditory, and tactile sensory data for all objects, enabling a number of multisensory object recognition tasks, beyond existing datasets that focus purely on object geometry. Second, ObjectFolder employs a uniform, object-centric, and implicit representation for each object's visual textures, acoustic simulations, and tactile readings, making the dataset flexible to use and easy to share. We demonstrate the usefulness of our dataset as a testbed for multisensory perception and control by evaluating it on a variety of benchmark tasks, including instance recognition, cross-sensory retrieval, 3D reconstruction, and robotic grasping.

Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2021.

Builds on

32 of 60 references.

References · 32

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  3. 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,880
  4. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,682
  5. 2015Trust Region Policy Optimizationcited by 2,503
  6. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,037
  7. 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
  8. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,163
  9. 2020Object-Centric Learning with Slot Attentioncited by 865
  10. 2019Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representationscited by 864
  11. 2020Convolutional Occupancy Networkscited by 760
  12. 2019RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environmentcited by 669
20 more
  1. 2020SAPIEN: A SimulAted Part-based Interactive ENvironmentcited by 584
  2. 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 484
  3. 2019CLEVRER: CoLlision Events for Video REpresentation and Reasoningcited by 475
  4. 2018VirtualHome: Simulating Household Activities via Programscited by 411
  5. 2020ThreeDWorld: A Platform for Interactive Multi-Modal Physical Simulationcited by 249
  6. 2020RoboTHOR: An Open Simulation-to-Real Embodied AI Platformcited by 190
  7. 2020DIGIT: A Novel Design for a Low-Cost Compact High-Resolution Tactile Sensor with Application to In-Hand Manipulationcited by 164
  8. 2018Making Sense of Vision and Touch: Self-Supervised Learning of Multimodal Representations for Contact-Rich Taskscited by 150
  9. 2018More Than a Feeling: Learning to Grasp and Regrasp using Vision and Touchcited by 100
  10. 2020Object-Centric Neural Scene Renderingcited by 90
  11. 2017The Feeling of Success: Does Touch Sensing Help Predict Grasp Outcomes?cited by 65
  12. 2020TACTO: A Fast, Flexible, and Open-source Simulator for High-Resolution Vision-based Tactile Sensorscited by 59
  13. 2020Learning Physical Graph Representations from Visual Scenescited by 50
  14. 20203D Shape Reconstruction from Vision and Touchcited by 42
  15. 2016The Curious Robot: Learning Visual Representations via Physical Interactionscited by 37
  16. 2020OmniTact: A Multi-Directional High Resolution Touch Sensorcited by 27
  17. 2019Stochastic Prediction of Multi-Agent Interactions from Partial Observationscited by 26
  18. 2020Swoosh! Rattle! Thump! -- Actions that Soundcited by 15
  19. 2020STReSSD: Sim-To-Real from Sound for Stochastic Dynamicscited by 12
  20. 2019Making Sense of Audio Vibration for Liquid Height Estimation in Robotic Pouringcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 18; 2023: 9; 2024: 11; 2025: 18; 2026: 9.

67 papers.

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  1. 2021Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyondcited by 539
  2. 2021Neural Descriptor Fields: SE(3)-Equivariant Object Representations for Manipulationcited by 204
  3. 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AIcited by 175
  4. 2024Binding Touch to Everything: Learning Unified Multimodal Tactile Representationscited by 94
  5. 2022Physics-Informed Machine Learning: A Survey on Problems, Methods and Applicationscited by 88
  6. 2022Touch and Go: Learning from Human-Collected Vision and Touchcited by 84
  7. 2022ObjectFolder 2.0: A Multisensory Object Dataset for Sim2Real Transfercited by 73
  8. 2024A Touch, Vision, and Language Dataset for Multimodal Alignmentcited by 68
  9. 2022See, Hear, and Feel: Smart Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulationcited by 61
  10. 2022SE(3)-Equivariant Relational Rearrangement with Neural Descriptor Fieldscited by 51
  11. 2025AnyTouch: Learning Unified Static-Dynamic Representation across Multiple Visuo-tactile Sensorscited by 46
  12. 2022Differentiable Physics Simulation of Dynamics-Augmented Neural Objectscited by 45
38 more
  1. 2023The ObjectFolder Benchmark: Multisensory Learning with Neural and Real Objectscited by 40
  2. 2024MultiPLY: A Multisensory Object-Centric Embodied Large Language Model in 3D Worldcited by 38
  3. 2024A survey of synthetic data augmentation methods in computer visioncited by 34
  4. 2024A Survey of Embodied Learning for Object-Centric Robotic Manipulationcited by 34
  5. 2025Digital Twin Catalog: A Large-Scale Photorealistic 3D Object Digital Twin Datasetcited by 29
  6. 2023Generating Visual Scenes from Touchcited by 26
  7. 2024Tactile-Augmented Radiance Fieldscited by 26
  8. 2022Play it by Ear: Learning Skills amidst Occlusion through Audio-Visual Imitation Learningcited by 22
  9. 2024Play to the Score: Stage-Guided Dynamic Multi-Sensory Fusion for Robotic Manipulationcited by 19
  10. 2025Large language models for artificial general intelligence (AGI): A survey of foundational principles and approachescited by 18
  11. 2022PACS: A Dataset for Physical Audiovisual CommonSense Reasoningcited by 17
  12. 2023Scene-Driven Multimodal Knowledge Graph Construction for Embodied AIcited by 17
  13. 2022Multimodal Conversational AI: A Survey of Datasets and Approachescited by 16
  14. 2023Learning Object-Centric Neural Scattering Functions for Free-Viewpoint Relighting and Scene Compositioncited by 15
  15. 2022Finding Fallen Objects Via Asynchronous Audio-Visual Integrationcited by 13
  16. 2023How to Train Neural Field Representations: A Comprehensive Study and Benchmarkcited by 12
  17. 2024TextToucher: Fine-Grained Text-to-Touch Generationcited by 11
  18. 2025OPENTOUCH: Bringing Full-Hand Touch to Real-World Interactioncited by 11
  19. 2022Canonical Fields: Self-Supervised Learning of Pose-Canonicalized Neural Fieldscited by 9
  20. 2025Demonstrating the Octopi-1.5 Visual-Tactile-Language Modelcited by 9
  21. 2023Sonicverse: A Multisensory Simulation Platform for Embodied Household Agents that See and Hearcited by 8
  22. 2023RealImpact: A Dataset of Impact Sound Fields for Real Objectscited by 8
  23. 2022Robust Change Detection Based on Neural Descriptor Fieldscited by 7
  24. 2025Universal Visuo-Tactile Video Understanding for Embodied Interactioncited by 7
  25. 2022ROAD: Learning an Implicit Recursive Octree Auto-Decoder to Efficiently Encode 3D Shapescited by 6
  26. 2024Towards Comprehensive Multimodal Perception: Introducing the Touch-Language-Vision Datasetcited by 6
  27. 2022Enhancing Generalizable 6D Pose Tracking of an In-Hand Object with Tactile Sensingcited by 5
  28. 2023M3Act: Learning from Synthetic Human Group Activitiescited by 5
  29. 2022Multiscale Sensor Fusion and Continuous Control with Neural CDEscited by 4
  30. 2022HM3D-ABO: A Photo-realistic Dataset for Object-centric Multi-view 3D Reconstructioncited by 4
  31. 2022Impact Makes a Sound and Sound Makes an Impact: Sound Guides Representations and Explorationscited by 3
  32. 2025X-Capture: An Open-Source Portable Device for Multi-Sensory Learningcited by 3
  33. 2026DECO: Decoupled Multimodal Diffusion Transformer for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation with a Plugin Tactile Adaptercited by 3
  34. 2024NeST: Neural Stress Tensor Tomography by leveraging 3D Photoelasticitycited by 2
  35. 2025Tactile MNIST: Benchmarking Active Tactile Perceptioncited by 2
  36. 2025Hearing Hands: Generating Sounds from Physical Interactions in 3D Scenescited by 2
  37. 2025Collaborative Representation Learning for Alignment of Tactile, Language, and Vision Modalitiescited by 2
  38. 2026TaCo: A Benchmark for Lossless and Lossy Codecs of Heterogeneous Tactile Datacited by 2

50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)