Shape and Viewpoint without Keypoints
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a learning framework that learns to recover the 3D shape, pose and texture from a single image, trained on an image collection without any ground truth 3D shape, multi-view, camera viewpoints or keypoint supervision. We approach this highly under-constrained problem in a "analysis by synthesis" framework where the goal is to predict the likely shape, texture and camera viewpoint that could produce the image with various learned category-specific priors. Our particular contribution in this paper is a representation of the distribution over cameras, which we call "camera-multiplex". Instead of picking a point estimate, we maintain a set of camera hypotheses that are optimized during training to best explain the image given the current shape and texture. We call our approach Unsupervised Category-Specific Mesh Reconstruction (U-CMR), and present qualitative and quantitative results on CUB, Pascal 3D and new web-scraped datasets. We obtain state-of-the-art camera prediction results and show that we can learn to predict diverse shapes and textures across objects using an image collection without any keypoint annotations or 3D ground truth. Project page: https://shubham-goel.github.io/ucmr
Key facts. Cited by 92 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 29; 2023: 21; 2024: 13; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
92 papers.
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- 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 849
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priorscited by 397
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 350
- 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
- 2021NeuTex: Neural Texture Mapping for Volumetric Neural Renderingcited by 98
- 2022What's in your hands? 3D Reconstruction of Generic Objects in Handscited by 90
- 2022SAMURAI: Shape And Material from Unconstrained Real-world Arbitrary Image collectionscited by 89
- 2021A Shading-Guided Generative Implicit Model for Shape-Accurate 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 72
- 2021Unsupervised Learning of 3D Object Categories from Videos in the Wildcited by 67
- 2022LASSIE: Learning Articulated Shapes from Sparse Image Ensemble via 3D Part Discoverycited by 66
- 2021Shelf-Supervised Mesh Prediction in the Wildcited by 65
38 more
- 2021Model-based 3D Hand Reconstruction via Self-Supervised Learningcited by 65
- 2022High-fidelity 3D GAN Inversion by Pseudo-multi-view Optimizationcited by 65
- 2021DOVE: Learning Deformable 3D Objects by Watching Videoscited by 61
- 2022SparsePose: Sparse-View Camera Pose Regression and Refinementcited by 53
- 2024REACTO: Reconstructing Articulated Objects from a Single Videocited by 45
- 2021Learning Generative Models of Textured 3D Meshes from Real-World Imagescited by 44
- 20213D Human Texture Estimation from a Single Image with Transformerscited by 35
- 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstructioncited by 35
- 2023Make Encoder Great Again in 3D GAN Inversion through Geometry and Occlusion-Aware Encodingcited by 35
- 2023Improving Semantic Correspondence with Viewpoint-Guided Spherical Mapscited by 34
- 2022De-rendering 3D Objects in the Wildcited by 31
- 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemblecited by 31
- 2021Birds of a Feather: Capturing Avian Shape Models from Imagescited by 30
- 2022Shape, Pose, and Appearance from a Single Image via Bootstrapped Radiance Field Inversioncited by 30
- 2022Sem2NeRF: Converting Single-View Semantic Masks to Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 29
- 2022Consistent 3D Hand Reconstruction in Video via self-supervised Learningcited by 28
- 2022Cross-Modal 3D Shape Generation and Manipulationcited by 28
- 2021Differentiable Stereopsis: Meshes from multiple views using differentiable renderingcited by 26
- 2022Pre-train, Self-train, Distill: A simple recipe for Supersizing 3D Reconstructioncited by 26
- 2022Share With Thy Neighbors: Single-View Reconstruction by Cross-Instance Consistencycited by 26
- 2023CADSim: Robust and Scalable in-the-wild 3D Reconstruction for Controllable Sensor Simulationcited by 26
- 2022Self-Supervised Geometric Correspondence for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 22
- 2023ARTIC3D: Learning Robust Articulated 3D Shapes from Noisy Web Image Collectionscited by 22
- 2021Representing 3D Shapes with Probabilistic Directed Distance Fieldscited by 21
- 2022Pixel2Mesh++: 3D Mesh Generation and Refinement from Multi-View Imagescited by 21
- 2024TetSphere Splatting: Representing High-Quality Geometry with Lagrangian Volumetric Meshescited by 21
- 2021View Generalization for Single Image Textured 3D Modelscited by 19
- 2024SHINOBI: Shape and Illumination using Neural Object Decomposition via BRDF Optimization In-the-wildcited by 18
- 2023DDF-HO: Hand-Held Object Reconstruction via Conditional Directed Distance Fieldcited by 17
- 2021Fully Understanding Generic Objects: Modeling, Segmentation, and Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2023SAOR: Single-View Articulated Object Reconstructioncited by 16
- 2023ShapeClipper: Scalable 3D Shape Learning from Single-View Images via Geometric and CLIP-based Consistencycited by 16
- 2022Fine Detailed Texture Learning for 3D Meshes with Generative Modelscited by 15
- 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priorscited by 14
- 2021Discovering 3D Parts from Image Collectionscited by 13
- 2023MoDA: Modeling Deformable 3D Objects from Casual Videoscited by 13
- 2022AR-NeRF: Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Defocus Effects from Natural Images with Aperture Rendering Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 12
- 2023DreaMo: Articulated 3D Reconstruction From A Single Casual Videocited by 12
50 most cited of 92 All 92 (JSON)
- 2026BAT3R: Bootstrapping Articulated 3D Reconstruction from 2D Image Collections4 Jul 2026
- 2026SEMAGIC: Learning Semantically Consistent Deformable 3D Representations from In-the-Wild Images27 May 2026
- 2026SAM 3D Animal: Promptable Animal 3D Reconstruction from Images in the Wild8 May 2026
- 2026GeoFusionLRM: Geometry-Aware Self-Correction for Consistent 3D Reconstruction15 Feb 2026
- 2025Not All Birds Look The Same: Identity-Preserving Generation For Birds4 Dec 2025
- 2025DATR: Diffusion-based 3D Apple Tree Reconstruction Framework with Sparse-View27 Aug 2025
- 20253D Stylization via Large Reconstruction Model30 Apr 2025
- 2025Common3D: Self-Supervised Learning of 3D Morphable Models for Common Objects in Neural Feature Space30 Apr 2025
- 2025LIM: Large Interpolator Model for Dynamic Reconstruction28 Mar 2025
- 2024Towards Multi-Modal Animal Pose Estimation: A Survey and In-Depth Analysis12 Oct 2024
- 2024Floating No More: Object-Ground Reconstruction from a Single Image26 Jul 2024
- 2024Degrees of Freedom Matter: Inferring Dynamics from Point Trajectories5 Jun 2024
38 more
- 2024TetSphere Splatting: Representing High-Quality Geometry with Lagrangian Volumetric Meshes30 May 2024
- 2024S3O: A Dual-Phase Approach for Reconstructing Dynamic Shape and Skeleton of Articulated Objects from Single Monocular Video21 May 2024
- 2024REACTO: Reconstructing Articulated Objects from a Single Video17 Apr 2024
- 2024The More You See in 2D, the More You Perceive in 3D4 Apr 2024
- 2024What is Point Supervision Worth in Video Instance Segmentation?1 Apr 2024
- 2024IPoD: Implicit Field Learning with Point Diffusion for Generalizable 3D Object Reconstruction from Single RGB-D Images30 Mar 2024
- 2024Robust 3D Shape Reconstruction in Zero-Shot from a Single Image in the Wild21 Mar 2024
- 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priors18 Mar 2024
- 2024SHINOBI: Shape and Illumination using Neural Object Decomposition via BRDF Optimization In-the-wild18 Jan 2024
- 2024Learning Implicit Representation for Reconstructing Articulated Objects16 Jan 2024
- 2023Improving Semantic Correspondence with Viewpoint-Guided Spherical Maps20 Dec 2023
- 2023DreaMo: Articulated 3D Reconstruction From A Single Casual Video5 Dec 2023
- 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Models27 Nov 2023
- 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3D8 Nov 2023
- 2023CADSim: Robust and Scalable in-the-wild 3D Reconstruction for Controllable Sensor Simulation2 Nov 2023
- 2023Root Pose Decomposition Towards Generic Non-rigid 3D Reconstruction with Monocular Videos19 Aug 2023
- 2023DDF-HO: Hand-Held Object Reconstruction via Conditional Directed Distance Field16 Aug 2023
- 2023Of Mice and Pose: 2D Mouse Pose Estimation from Unlabelled Data and Synthetic Prior25 Jul 2023
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors30 Jun 2023
- 2023ARTIC3D: Learning Robust Articulated 3D Shapes from Noisy Web Image Collections7 Jun 2023
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformers31 May 2023
- 2023Progressive Learning of 3D Reconstruction Network from 2D GAN Data18 May 2023
- 2023Learning Articulated Shape with Keypoint Pseudo-labels from Web Images27 Apr 2023
- 2023MoDA: Modeling Deformable 3D Objects from Casual Videos17 Apr 2023
- 2023ShapeClipper: Scalable 3D Shape Learning from Single-View Images via Geometric and CLIP-based Consistency13 Apr 2023
- 2023TMO: Textured Mesh Acquisition of Objects with a Mobile Device by using Differentiable Rendering27 Mar 2023
- 2023SAOR: Single-View Articulated Object Reconstruction23 Mar 2023
- 2023Make Encoder Great Again in 3D GAN Inversion through Geometry and Occlusion-Aware Encoding22 Mar 2023
- 2023Refining 3D Human Texture Estimation from a Single Image6 Mar 2023
- 2023A Review of Deep Learning-Powered Mesh Reconstruction Methods6 Mar 2023
- 2023Self-supervised learning of object pose estimation using keypoint prediction14 Feb 2023
- 2022Hi-LASSIE: High-Fidelity Articulated Shape and Skeleton Discovery from Sparse Image Ensemble21 Dec 2022
- 2022SparsePose: Sparse-View Camera Pose Regression and Refinement29 Nov 2022
- 2022High-fidelity 3D GAN Inversion by Pseudo-multi-view Optimization28 Nov 2022
- 2022Shape, Pose, and Appearance from a Single Image via Bootstrapped Radiance Field Inversion21 Nov 2022
- 2022CASA: Category-agnostic Skeletal Animal Reconstruction4 Nov 2022
- 2022Deep Generative Models on 3D Representations: A Survey27 Oct 2022
- 2022Self-Supervised Geometric Correspondence for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation in the Wild13 Oct 2022
50 newest of 92 All 92 (JSON)
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priorscited by 397
- 2023ARTIC3D: Learning Robust Articulated 3D Shapes from Noisy Web Image Collectionscited by 22
- 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priorscited by 14
- 2024The More You See in 2D, the More You Perceive in 3Dcited by 5
- 2025DATR: Diffusion-based 3D Apple Tree Reconstruction Framework with Sparse-Viewcited by 0
- 2025DATR: Diffusion-based 3D Apple Tree Reconstruction Framework with Sparse-View27 Aug 2025
- 2024The More You See in 2D, the More You Perceive in 3D4 Apr 2024
- 2024BAGS: Building Animatable Gaussian Splatting from a Monocular Video with Diffusion Priors18 Mar 2024
- 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors30 Jun 2023
- 2023ARTIC3D: Learning Robust Articulated 3D Shapes from Noisy Web Image Collections7 Jun 2023
- 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 849
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
- 2023Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformerscited by 350
- 2023GART: Gaussian Articulated Template Modelscited by 121
- 2021NeuTex: Neural Texture Mapping for Volumetric Neural Renderingcited by 98
- 2022What's in your hands? 3D Reconstruction of Generic Objects in Handscited by 90
- 2022SAMURAI: Shape And Material from Unconstrained Real-world Arbitrary Image collectionscited by 89
- 2021A Shading-Guided Generative Implicit Model for Shape-Accurate 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 72
- 2021Unsupervised Learning of 3D Object Categories from Videos in the Wildcited by 67
- 2022LASSIE: Learning Articulated Shapes from Sparse Image Ensemble via 3D Part Discoverycited by 66
- 2021Shelf-Supervised Mesh Prediction in the Wildcited by 65
- 2021Model-based 3D Hand Reconstruction via Self-Supervised Learningcited by 65
12 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)
- 2026BAT3R: Bootstrapping Articulated 3D Reconstruction from 2D Image Collections4 Jul 2026
- 2026SEMAGIC: Learning Semantically Consistent Deformable 3D Representations from In-the-Wild Images27 May 2026
- 2026SAM 3D Animal: Promptable Animal 3D Reconstruction from Images in the Wild8 May 2026
- 2026GeoFusionLRM: Geometry-Aware Self-Correction for Consistent 3D Reconstruction15 Feb 2026
- 2025Not All Birds Look The Same: Identity-Preserving Generation For Birds4 Dec 2025
- 20253D Stylization via Large Reconstruction Model30 Apr 2025
- 2025Common3D: Self-Supervised Learning of 3D Morphable Models for Common Objects in Neural Feature Space30 Apr 2025
- 2025LIM: Large Interpolator Model for Dynamic Reconstruction28 Mar 2025
- 2024Towards Multi-Modal Animal Pose Estimation: A Survey and In-Depth Analysis12 Oct 2024
- 2024Floating No More: Object-Ground Reconstruction from a Single Image26 Jul 2024
- 2024Degrees of Freedom Matter: Inferring Dynamics from Point Trajectories5 Jun 2024
- 2024TetSphere Splatting: Representing High-Quality Geometry with Lagrangian Volumetric Meshes30 May 2024
12 newest of 87 All 87 (JSON)