mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From 2D to 3D: Re-thinking Benchmarking of Monocular Depth Prediction

arXiv 2203.08122 ↗First posted 15 Mar 2022cs.CVcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

There have been numerous recently proposed methods for monocular depth prediction (MDP) coupled with the equally rapid evolution of benchmarking tools. However, we argue that MDP is currently witnessing benchmark over-fitting and relying on metrics that are only partially helpful to gauge the usefulness of the predictions for 3D applications. This limits the design and development of novel methods that are truly aware of - and improving towards estimating - the 3D structure of the scene rather than optimizing 2D-based distances. In this work, we aim to bring structural awareness to MDP, an inherently 3D task, by exhibiting the limits of evaluation metrics towards assessing the quality of the 3D geometry. We propose a set of metrics well suited to evaluate the 3D geometry of MDP approaches and a novel indoor benchmark, RIO-D3D, crucial for the proposed evaluation methodology. Our benchmark is based on a real-world dataset featuring high-quality rendered depth maps obtained from RGB-D reconstructions. We further demonstrate this to help benchmark the closely-tied task of 3D scene completion.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Mar 2022.

Builds on

38 of 60 references.

References · 38

  1. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  2. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  3. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
  4. 2017Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environmentscited by 1,354
  5. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
  6. 2016A Point Set Generation Network for 3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 972
  7. 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 721
  8. 2020AdaBins: Depth Estimation using Adaptive Binscited by 596
  9. 2014Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecturecited by 483
  10. 2016Semantic Scene Completion from a Single Depth Imagecited by 468
  11. 2017Joint 2D-3D-Semantic Data for Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 404
  12. 2016Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networkscited by 402
26 more
  1. 2018PCN: Point Completion Networkcited by 382
  2. 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 379
  3. 2019What Do Single-view 3D Reconstruction Networks Learn?cited by 259
  4. 2019DIODE: A Dense Indoor and Outdoor DEpth Datasetcited by 236
  5. 2019Enforcing geometric constraints of virtual normal for depth predictioncited by 233
  6. 20203D Photography using Context-aware Layered Depth Inpaintingcited by 206
  7. 2019RIO: 3D Object Instance Re-Localization in Changing Indoor Environmentscited by 187
  8. 2016Single-Image Depth Perception in the Wildcited by 179
  9. 2020GRNet: Gridding Residual Network for Dense Point Cloud Completioncited by 174
  10. 2017CNN-SLAM: Real-time dense monocular SLAM with learned depth predictioncited by 152
  11. 2018Revisiting Single Image Depth Estimation: Toward Higher Resolution Maps with Accurate Object Boundariescited by 144
  12. 2018Evaluation of CNN-based Single-Image Depth Estimation Methodscited by 137
  13. 2019Morphing and Sampling Network for Dense Point Cloud Completioncited by 132
  14. 20193D Ken Burns Effect from a Single Imagecited by 128
  15. 2021Transformer-Based Attention Networks for Continuous Pixel-Wise Predictioncited by 125
  16. 2018PlaneRCNN: 3D Plane Detection and Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 105
  17. 2021Variational Relational Point Completion Networkcited by 103
  18. 2019SharpNet: Fast and Accurate Recovery of Occluding Contours in Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 59
  19. 2020Predicting Sharp and Accurate Occlusion Boundaries in Monocular Depth Estimation Using Displacement Fieldscited by 40
  20. 2016Joint Semantic Segmentation and Depth Estimation with Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 36
  21. 2020SoftPoolNet: Shape Descriptor for Point Cloud Completion and Classificationcited by 33
  22. 2019ForkNet: Multi-branch Volumetric Semantic Completion from a Single Depth Imagecited by 31
  23. 2019Object-Driven Multi-Layer Scene Decomposition From a Single Imagecited by 26
  24. 2020Improving Monocular Depth Estimation by Leveraging Structural Awareness and Complementary Datasetscited by 14
  25. 2019Depth Extraction from Video Using Non-parametric Samplingcited by 11
  26. 2017Analyzing Modular CNN Architectures for Joint Depth Prediction and Semantic Segmentationcited by 8

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 6.

19 papers.

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  1. 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 375
  2. 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simplercited by 170
  3. 2025UniK3D: Universal Camera Monocular 3D Estimationcited by 60
  4. 2023CommonScenes: Generating Commonsense 3D Indoor Scenes with Scene Graph Diffusioncited by 54
  5. 2023GEDepth: Ground Embedding for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 26
  6. 2023Kick Back & Relax: Learning to Reconstruct the World by Watching SlowTVcited by 21
  7. 2022Deconstructing Self-Supervised Monocular Reconstruction: The Design Decisions that Mattercited by 18
  8. 2022The Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 13
  9. 2023The Second Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 12
  10. 2024The Third Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 10
  11. 2025The Fourth Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 8
  12. 2024Kick Back & Relax++: Scaling Beyond Ground-Truth Depth with SlowTV & CribsTVcited by 7
7 more
  1. 2025LaRI: Layered Ray Intersections for Single-view 3D Geometric Reasoningcited by 7
  2. 2022SupeRGB-D: Zero-shot Instance Segmentation in Cluttered Indoor Environmentscited by 4
  3. 2025RPG360: Robust 360 Depth Estimation with Perspective Foundation Models and Graph Optimizationcited by 4
  4. 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
  5. 2024Refinement of Monocular Depth Maps via Multi-View Differentiable Renderingcited by 1
  6. 2025Toward A Better Understanding of Monocular Depth Evaluationcited by 1
  7. 2024Introducing a Class-Aware Metric for Monocular Depth Estimation: An Automotive Perspectivecited by 0