MACARONS: Mapping And Coverage Anticipation with RGB Online Self-Supervision
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce a method that simultaneously learns to explore new large environments and to reconstruct them in 3D from color images only. This is closely related to the Next Best View problem (NBV), where one has to identify where to move the camera next to improve the coverage of an unknown scene. However, most of the current NBV methods rely on depth sensors, need 3D supervision and/or do not scale to large scenes. Our method requires only a color camera and no 3D supervision. It simultaneously learns in a self-supervised fashion to predict a "volume occupancy field" from color images and, from this field, to predict the NBV. Thanks to this approach, our method performs well on new scenes as it is not biased towards any training 3D data. We demonstrate this on a recent dataset made of various 3D scenes and show it performs even better than recent methods requiring a depth sensor, which is not a realistic assumption for outdoor scenes captured with a flying drone.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 57 of its 89 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Mar 2023.
Builds on
57 of 89 references.
References · 57
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38 more
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- 2018Pyramid Stereo Matching Networkcited by 486
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50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 5; 2026: 11.
18 papers.
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- 2025Dr. Splat: Directly Referring 3D Gaussian Splatting via Direct Language Embedding Registrationcited by 50
- 2025NextBestPath: Efficient 3D Mapping of Unseen Environmentscited by 13
- 2023SO-NeRF: Active View Planning for NeRF using Surrogate Objectivescited by 5
- 2026MAGICIAN: Efficient Long-Term Planning with Imagined Gaussians for Active Mappingcited by 5
- 2025VIN-NBV: A View Introspection Network for Next-Best-View Selectioncited by 2
- 2025WarpRF: Multi-View Consistency for Training-Free Uncertainty Quantification and Applications in Radiance Fieldscited by 2
- 2026SA-ResGS: Self-Augmented Residual 3D Gaussian Splatting for Next Best View Selectioncited by 2
- 2025Hestia: Voxel-Face-Aware Hierarchical Next-Best-View Acquisition for Efficient 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2023Active search and coverage using point-cloud reinforcement learningcited by 0
- 2026Paparazzo: Active Mapping of Moving 3D Objectscited by 0
- 2026Remember to be Curious: Episodic Context and Persistent Worlds for 3D Explorationcited by 0
- 2026Deep Learning Approaches for 3D Medical Scene Completion: From Geometric Modeling to Generative Paradigmscited by 0
6 more
- 2026Iterative Hybrid Discrete-Continuous Viewpoint Planning for UAV Photogrammetrycited by 0
- 2026Diagnosing and Dynamically Filtering Occupancy World Models for Active Mappingcited by 0
- 2026Rethinking Learned Occupancy in Autonomous Active Mapping with Observation-Gated Filteringcited by 0
- 2026OpenFlyScan: A Quality-Guided Aerial Reconstruction System for Consumer Dronescited by 0
- 2026Multi-Scale Semantic Mapping in Urban Environments via Observation Calibration and Policy Dependence Regularizationcited by 0
- 2026Matisse: Evidence-Space Reasoning for Active 3D Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Matisse: Evidence-Space Reasoning for Active 3D Reconstruction30 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Scale Semantic Mapping in Urban Environments via Observation Calibration and Policy Dependence Regularization28 Sep 2026
- 2026OpenFlyScan: A Quality-Guided Aerial Reconstruction System for Consumer Drones21 Sep 2026
- 2026Rethinking Learned Occupancy in Autonomous Active Mapping with Observation-Gated Filtering8 Sep 2026
- 2026Diagnosing and Dynamically Filtering Occupancy World Models for Active Mapping6 Sep 2026
- 2026Iterative Hybrid Discrete-Continuous Viewpoint Planning for UAV Photogrammetry6 Aug 2026
- 2026Deep Learning Approaches for 3D Medical Scene Completion: From Geometric Modeling to Generative Paradigms23 Jun 2026
- 2026Remember to be Curious: Episodic Context and Persistent Worlds for 3D Exploration21 May 2026
- 2026Paparazzo: Active Mapping of Moving 3D Objects21 Apr 2026
- 2026MAGICIAN: Efficient Long-Term Planning with Imagined Gaussians for Active Mapping23 Mar 2026
- 2026SA-ResGS: Self-Augmented Residual 3D Gaussian Splatting for Next Best View Selection6 Jan 2026
- 2025Hestia: Voxel-Face-Aware Hierarchical Next-Best-View Acquisition for Efficient 3D Reconstruction1 Aug 2025
6 more
- 2025WarpRF: Multi-View Consistency for Training-Free Uncertainty Quantification and Applications in Radiance Fields27 Jun 2025
- 2025VIN-NBV: A View Introspection Network for Next-Best-View Selection9 May 2025
- 2025Dr. Splat: Directly Referring 3D Gaussian Splatting via Direct Language Embedding Registration23 Feb 2025
- 2025NextBestPath: Efficient 3D Mapping of Unseen Environments7 Feb 2025
- 2023Active search and coverage using point-cloud reinforcement learning18 Dec 2023
- 2023SO-NeRF: Active View Planning for NeRF using Surrogate Objectives6 Dec 2023
- 2025Dr. Splat: Directly Referring 3D Gaussian Splatting via Direct Language Embedding Registrationcited by 50
- 2025NextBestPath: Efficient 3D Mapping of Unseen Environmentscited by 13
- 2023SO-NeRF: Active View Planning for NeRF using Surrogate Objectivescited by 5
- 2026MAGICIAN: Efficient Long-Term Planning with Imagined Gaussians for Active Mappingcited by 5
- 2025VIN-NBV: A View Introspection Network for Next-Best-View Selectioncited by 2
- 2025WarpRF: Multi-View Consistency for Training-Free Uncertainty Quantification and Applications in Radiance Fieldscited by 2
- 2026SA-ResGS: Self-Augmented Residual 3D Gaussian Splatting for Next Best View Selectioncited by 2
- 2025Hestia: Voxel-Face-Aware Hierarchical Next-Best-View Acquisition for Efficient 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2023Active search and coverage using point-cloud reinforcement learningcited by 0
- 2026Paparazzo: Active Mapping of Moving 3D Objectscited by 0
- 2026Remember to be Curious: Episodic Context and Persistent Worlds for 3D Explorationcited by 0
- 2026Deep Learning Approaches for 3D Medical Scene Completion: From Geometric Modeling to Generative Paradigmscited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Matisse: Evidence-Space Reasoning for Active 3D Reconstruction30 Sep 2026
- 2026Multi-Scale Semantic Mapping in Urban Environments via Observation Calibration and Policy Dependence Regularization28 Sep 2026
- 2026OpenFlyScan: A Quality-Guided Aerial Reconstruction System for Consumer Drones21 Sep 2026
- 2026Rethinking Learned Occupancy in Autonomous Active Mapping with Observation-Gated Filtering8 Sep 2026
- 2026Iterative Hybrid Discrete-Continuous Viewpoint Planning for UAV Photogrammetry6 Aug 2026
- 2026Deep Learning Approaches for 3D Medical Scene Completion: From Geometric Modeling to Generative Paradigms23 Jun 2026
- 2026Remember to be Curious: Episodic Context and Persistent Worlds for 3D Exploration21 May 2026
- 2026Paparazzo: Active Mapping of Moving 3D Objects21 Apr 2026
- 2026MAGICIAN: Efficient Long-Term Planning with Imagined Gaussians for Active Mapping23 Mar 2026
- 2026SA-ResGS: Self-Augmented Residual 3D Gaussian Splatting for Next Best View Selection6 Jan 2026
- 2025Hestia: Voxel-Face-Aware Hierarchical Next-Best-View Acquisition for Efficient 3D Reconstruction1 Aug 2025
- 2025WarpRF: Multi-View Consistency for Training-Free Uncertainty Quantification and Applications in Radiance Fields27 Jun 2025
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)