mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation

arXiv 2309.10592 ↗First posted 19 Sep 2023cs.CVcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

Monocular depth estimation has drawn widespread attention from the vision community due to its broad applications. In this paper, we propose a novel physics (geometry)-driven deep learning framework for monocular depth estimation by assuming that 3D scenes are constituted by piece-wise planes. Particularly, we introduce a new normal-distance head that outputs pixel-level surface normal and plane-to-origin distance for deriving depth at each position. Meanwhile, the normal and distance are regularized by a developed plane-aware consistency constraint. We further integrate an additional depth head to improve the robustness of the proposed framework. To fully exploit the strengths of these two heads, we develop an effective contrastive iterative refinement module that refines depth in a complementary manner according to the depth uncertainty. Extensive experiments indicate that the proposed method exceeds previous state-of-the-art competitors on the NYU-Depth-v2, KITTI and SUN RGB-D datasets. Notably, it ranks 1st among all submissions on the KITTI depth prediction online benchmark at the submission time.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2023.

Builds on

30 of 52 references.

References · 30

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,093
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,043
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,111
  4. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,395
  5. 2014Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modelingcited by 2,352
  6. 2017What Uncertainties Do We Need in Bayesian Deep Learning for Computer Vision?cited by 2,340
  7. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,269
  8. 2021Swin Transformer V2: Scaling Up Capacity and Resolutioncited by 1,219
  9. 2018Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 722
  10. 2020AdaBins: Depth Estimation using Adaptive Binscited by 598
  11. 2014Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecturecited by 483
  12. 2016Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networkscited by 403
18 more
  1. 2019From Big to Small: Multi-Scale Local Planar Guidance for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 380
  2. 2019Enforcing geometric constraints of virtual normal for depth predictioncited by 234
  3. 2017CNN-SLAM: Real-time dense monocular SLAM with learned depth predictioncited by 152
  4. 2022NeW CRFs: Neural Window Fully-connected CRFs for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 151
  5. 2018DeepLiDAR: Deep Surface Normal Guided Depth Prediction for Outdoor Scene from Sparse LiDAR Data and Single Color Imagecited by 129
  6. 2021Transformer-Based Attention Networks for Continuous Pixel-Wise Predictioncited by 125
  7. 2022P3Depth: Monocular Depth Estimation with a Piecewise Planarity Priorcited by 106
  8. 2018PlaneRCNN: 3D Plane Detection and Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 105
  9. 2016Estimating Depth from Monocular Images as Classification Using Deep Fully Convolutional Residual Networkscited by 91
  10. 2020Guiding Monocular Depth Estimation Using Depth-Attention Volumecited by 82
  11. 2019Structure-Aware Residual Pyramid Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 49
  12. 2019Normal Assisted Stereo Depth Estimationcited by 49
  13. 2020Bidirectional Attention Network for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 48
  14. 2021Adaptive Surface Normal Constraint for Depth Estimationcited by 43
  15. 2020P2Net: Patch-match and Plane-regularization for Unsupervised Indoor Depth Estimationcited by 41
  16. 2021Sparse Auxiliary Networks for Unified Monocular Depth Prediction and Completioncited by 39
  17. 2021StructDepth: Leveraging the structural regularities for self-supervised indoor depth estimationcited by 36
  18. 2023URCDC-Depth: Uncertainty Rectified Cross-Distillation with CutFlip for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 16

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 17; 2025: 18; 2026: 6.

45 papers.

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  1. 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,399
  2. 2024Depth Anything: Unleashing the Power of Large-Scale Unlabeled Datacited by 1,353
  3. 2024UniDepth: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 377
  4. 2024Flash3D: Feed-Forward Generalisable 3D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 114
  5. 2023IEBins: Iterative Elastic Bins for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 53
  6. 2024Tri-Perspective View Decomposition for Geometry-Aware Depth Completioncited by 42
  7. 2024OGNI-DC: Robust Depth Completion with Optimization-Guided Neural Iterationscited by 23
  8. 2025DepthMaster: Taming Diffusion Models for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 18
  9. 2024ScaleDepth: Decomposing Metric Depth Estimation into Scale Prediction and Relative Depth Estimationcited by 15
  10. 2023EVP: Enhanced Visual Perception using Inverse Multi-Attentive Feature Refinement and Regularized Image-Text Alignmentcited by 14
  11. 2023MonoDiffusion: Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation Using Diffusion Modelcited by 13
  12. 2024AirPlanes: Accurate Plane Estimation via 3D-Consistent Embeddingscited by 13
33 more
  1. 2024LLaVA-SpaceSGG: Visual Instruct Tuning for Open-vocabulary Scene Graph Generation with Enhanced Spatial Relationscited by 13
  2. 2024DCDepth: Progressive Monocular Depth Estimation in Discrete Cosine Domaincited by 11
  3. 2024Scalable Autoregressive Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 9
  4. 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation and Completioncited by 8
  5. 2024SPIdepth: Strengthened Pose Information for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 8
  6. 2025Metric-Solver: Sliding Anchored Metric Depth Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 6
  7. 2025Event-Driven Dynamic Scene Depth Completioncited by 5
  8. 2025Structure-Aware Radar-Camera Depth Estimationcited by 5
  9. 2024Floating No More: Object-Ground Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 3
  10. 2025Niagara: Normal-Integrated Geometric Affine Field for Scene Reconstruction from a Single Viewcited by 3
  11. 2025Region-aware Depth Scale Adaptation with Sparse Measurementscited by 3
  12. 2024GVDepth: Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Estimation for Ground Vehicles based on Probabilistic Cue Fusioncited by 2
  13. 2025FUSE: Label-Free Image-Event Joint Monocular Depth Estimation via Frequency-Decoupled Alignment and Degradation-Robust Fusioncited by 2
  14. 2025One Look is Enough: Seamless Patchwise Refinement for Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Estimation on High-Resolution Imagescited by 2
  15. 2024Boosting Generalizability towards Zero-Shot Cross-Dataset Single-Image Indoor Depth by Meta-Initializationcited by 1
  16. 2025Occlusion Boundary and Depth: Mutual Enhancement via Multi-Task Learningcited by 1
  17. 2025TR2M: Transferring Monocular Relative Depth to Metric Depth with Language Descriptions and Dual-Level Scale-Oriented Contrastcited by 1
  18. 2024Into the Fog: Evaluating Robustness of Multiple Object Trackingcited by 0
  19. 2024Predicting High-precision Depth on Low-Precision Devices Using 2D Hilbert Curvescited by 0
  20. 2025Is Pre-training Applicable to the Decoder for Dense Prediction?cited by 0
  21. 2025M3Depth: Wavelet-Enhanced Depth Estimation on Mars via Mutual Boosting of Dual-Modal Datacited by 0
  22. 2025Object Concepts Emerge from Motioncited by 0
  23. 2025Plane Detection and Ranking via Model Information Optimizationcited by 0
  24. 2025BRIDGE -- Building Reinforcement-Learning Depth-to-Image Data Generation Engine for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
  25. 2025Self-localization on a 3D map by fusing global and local features from a monocular cameracited by 0
  26. 2025Scale-invariant and View-relational Representation Learning for Full Surround Monocular Depthcited by 0
  27. 2025ReDepth Anything: Test-Time Depth Refinement via Self-Supervised Re-lightingcited by 0
  28. 2026Fractal Autoregressive Depth Estimation with Continuous Token Diffusioncited by 0
  29. 2026Monocular Depth Estimation From the Perspective of Feature Restoration: A Diffusion Enhanced Depth Restoration Approachcited by 0
  30. 2026DegBins: Degradation-Driven Binning for Depth Super-Resolutioncited by 0
  31. 2026Repurposing RGB-based Foundation Model for Depth Estimation on Thermal Images Using Hierarchical Supervisioncited by 0
  32. 2026Monocular Depth Estimation from a Single Image: Progress and Opportunitiescited by 0
  33. 2026Object Concepts Emerge from Motioncited by 0