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PKU-MMD: A Large Scale Benchmark for Continuous Multi-Modal Human Action Understanding

arXiv 1703.07475 ↗First posted 22 Mar 2017cs.CVcited by 101

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the fact that many 3D human activity benchmarks being proposed, most existing action datasets focus on the action recognition tasks for the segmented videos. There is a lack of standard large-scale benchmarks, especially for current popular data-hungry deep learning based methods. In this paper, we introduce a new large scale benchmark (PKU-MMD) for continuous multi-modality 3D human action understanding and cover a wide range of complex human activities with well annotated information. PKU-MMD contains 1076 long video sequences in 51 action categories, performed by 66 subjects in three camera views. It contains almost 20,000 action instances and 5.4 million frames in total. Our dataset also provides multi-modality data sources, including RGB, depth, Infrared Radiation and Skeleton. With different modalities, we conduct extensive experiments on our dataset in terms of two scenarios and evaluate different methods by various metrics, including a new proposed evaluation protocol 2D-AP. We believe this large-scale dataset will benefit future researches on action detection for the community.

Key facts. Cited by 101 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 10; 2023: 22; 2024: 32; 2025: 15; 2026: 13.

101 papers.

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  1. 2022MotionBERT: A Unified Perspective on Learning Human Motion Representationscited by 193
  2. 2021UAV-Human: A Large Benchmark for Human Behavior Understanding with Unmanned Aerial Vehiclescited by 96
  3. 2021Skeleton-Contrastive 3D Action Representation Learningcited by 76
  4. 2024MMIU: Multimodal Multi-image Understanding for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 67
  5. 2021Home Action Genome: Cooperative Compositional Action Understandingcited by 53
  6. 2023HYperbolic Self-Paced Learning for Self-Supervised Skeleton-based Action Representationscited by 44
  7. 2023Masked Motion Predictors are Strong 3D Action Representation Learnerscited by 41
  8. 2022CMD: Self-supervised 3D Action Representation Learning with Cross-modal Mutual Distillationcited by 38
  9. 2022Hierarchically Self-Supervised Transformer for Human Skeleton Representation Learningcited by 30
  10. 2023DVANet: Disentangling View and Action Features for Multi-View Action Recognitioncited by 19
  11. 2024Fine-Grained Side Information Guided Dual-Prompts for Zero-Shot Skeleton Action Recognitioncited by 19
  12. 2024SA-DVAE: Improving Zero-Shot Skeleton-Based Action Recognition by Disentangled Variational Autoencoderscited by 19
38 more
  1. 2023Physical Adversarial Attacks for Surveillance: A Surveycited by 15
  2. 2023LAC: Latent Action Composition for Skeleton-based Action Segmentationcited by 15
  3. 2024Neuron: Learning Context-Aware Evolving Representations for Zero-Shot Skeleton Action Recognitioncited by 13
  4. 2022A Survey on RGB-D Datasetscited by 11
  5. 2023SCD-Net: Spatiotemporal Clues Disentanglement Network for Self-supervised Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 11
  6. 2024Vision-Language Meets the Skeleton: Progressively Distillation with Cross-Modal Knowledge for 3D Action Representation Learningcited by 11
  7. 2022Human Activity Recognition Using Tools of Convolutional Neural Networks: A State of the Art Review, Data Sets, Challenges and Future Prospectscited by 10
  8. 2024ANIM: Accurate Neural Implicit Model for Human Reconstruction from a single RGB-D imagecited by 9
  9. 2024Markerless Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation: a surveycited by 9
  10. 2024Computer Vision for Clinical Gait Analysis: A Gait Abnormality Video Datasetcited by 9
  11. 2024Bridging the Skeleton-Text Modality Gap: Diffusion-Powered Modality Alignment for Zero-shot Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 9
  12. 2022Bootstrapped Representation Learning for Skeleton-Based Action Recognitioncited by 8
  13. 2024Activity-Biometrics: Person Identification from Daily Activitiescited by 7
  14. 2024From CNNs to Transformers in Multimodal Human Action Recognition: A Surveycited by 7
  15. 2024Towards Physical World Backdoor Attacks against Skeleton Action Recognitioncited by 7
  16. 2023DMMG: Dual Min-Max Games for Self-Supervised Skeleton-Based Action Recognitioncited by 6
  17. 2023Focalized Contrastive View-invariant Learning for Self-supervised Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 6
  18. 2023Human Pose-based Estimation, Tracking and Action Recognition with Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 6
  19. 2023Large Scale Foundation Models for Intelligent Manufacturing Applications: A Surveycited by 6
  20. 2024Deep Learning for Computer Vision based Activity Recognition and Fall Detection of the Elderly: a Systematic Reviewcited by 6
  21. 2024MV2MAE: Multi-View Video Masked Autoencoderscited by 6
  22. 2024Expressive Keypoints for Skeleton-based Action Recognition via Skeleton Transformationcited by 6
  23. 20253D Skeleton-Based Action Recognition: A Reviewcited by 6
  24. 2025Frequency-Semantic Enhanced Variational Autoencoder for Zero-Shot Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 6
  25. 2025Skeleton Motion Words for Unsupervised Skeleton-Based Temporal Action Segmentationcited by 6
  26. 2021Review of Video Predictive Understanding: Early Action Recognition and Future Action Predictioncited by 5
  27. 2023FSAR: Federated Skeleton-based Action Recognition with Adaptive Topology Structure and Knowledge Distillationcited by 5
  28. 2024A Medical Low-Back Pain Physical Rehabilitation Dataset for Human Body Movement Analysiscited by 5
  29. 2022Fine-grained Activities of People Worldwidecited by 4
  30. 2022Collaborating Domain-shared and Target-specific Feature Clustering for Cross-domain 3D Action Recognitioncited by 4
  31. 2023Skeleton-based Human Action Recognition via Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)cited by 4
  32. 2024Self-supervised 3D Patient Modeling with Multi-modal Attentive Fusioncited by 4
  33. 2024Are Visual-Language Models Effective in Action Recognition? A Comparative Studycited by 4
  34. 2025Spatio-Temporal Joint Density Driven Learning for Skeleton-Based Action Recognitioncited by 4
  35. 2021Towards Tokenized Human Dynamics Representationcited by 3
  36. 2023DeePoint: Visual Pointing Recognition and Direction Estimationcited by 3
  37. 2024MLP: Motion Label Prior for Temporal Sentence Localization in Untrimmed 3D Human Motionscited by 3
  38. 2024STARS: Self-supervised Tuning for 3D Action Recognition in Skeleton Sequencescited by 3

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