MoRE: Mixture of Residual Experts for Humanoid Lifelike Gaits Learning on Complex Terrains
On the map: Deep reinforcement learning methods → RL for robot locomotion and manipulation
Abstract (arXiv)
Humanoid robots have demonstrated robust locomotion capabilities using Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approaches. Further, to obtain human-like behaviors, existing methods integrate human motion-tracking or motion prior in the RL framework. However, these methods are limited in flat terrains with proprioception only, restricting their abilities to traverse challenging terrains with human-like gaits. In this work, we propose a novel framework using a mixture of latent residual experts with multi-discriminators to train an RL policy, which is capable of traversing complex terrains in controllable lifelike gaits with exteroception. Our two-stage training pipeline first teaches the policy to traverse complex terrains using a depth camera, and then enables gait-commanded switching between human-like gait patterns. We also design gait rewards to adjust human-like behaviors like robot base height. Simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate that our framework exhibits exceptional performance in traversing complex terrains, and achieves seamless transitions between multiple human-like gait patterns.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in RL for robot locomotion and manipulation, one of 15 directions in Deep reinforcement learning methods. Builds on 27 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2025.
Builds on
27 of 35 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Advancing Humanoid Locomotion: Mastering Challenging Terrains with Denoising World Model Learning26 Aug
- 2024Whole-body Humanoid Robot Locomotion with Human Reference28 Feb
Other references · 25
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,236
- 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 998
- 2020Learning Quadrupedal Locomotion over Challenging Terraincited by 604
- 2021Learning to Walk in Minutes Using Massively Parallel Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 512
- 2021Conflict-Averse Gradient Descent for Multi-task Learningcited by 459
- 2021Robust Motion In-betweeningcited by 229
- 2024OmniH2O: Universal and Dexterous Human-to-Humanoid Whole-Body Teleoperation and Learningcited by 189
- 2023Real-World Humanoid Locomotion with Reinforcement Learningcited by 187
- 2021Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Context-based Representationscited by 174
- 2018Residual Policy Learningcited by 164
- 2022Walk These Ways: Tuning Robot Control for Generalization with Multiplicity of Behaviorcited by 138
13 more
- 2019TossingBot: Learning to Throw Arbitrary Objects with Residual Physicscited by 137
- 2025ASAP: Aligning Simulation and Real-World Physics for Learning Agile Humanoid Whole-Body Skillscited by 130
- 2024Humanoid Parkour Learningcited by 96
- 2022Adversarial Motion Priors Make Good Substitutes for Complex Reward Functionscited by 89
- 2024ExBody2: Advanced Expressive Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 88
- 2024Learning Humanoid Locomotion with Perceptive Internal Modelcited by 50
- 2025BeamDojo: Learning Agile Humanoid Locomotion on Sparse Footholdscited by 46
- 2023HumanMimic: Learning Natural Locomotion and Transitions for Humanoid Robot via Wasserstein Adversarial Imitationcited by 32
- 2024PIE: Parkour with Implicit-Explicit Learning Framework for Legged Robotscited by 25
- 2025Learning Humanoid Locomotion with World Model Reconstructioncited by 13
- 2025Adversarial Locomotion and Motion Imitation for Humanoid Policy Learningcited by 12
- 2025VB-Com: Learning Vision-Blind Composite Humanoid Locomotion Against Deficient Perceptioncited by 10
- 2025HWC-Loco: A Hierarchical Whole-Body Control Approach to Robust Humanoid Locomotioncited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 7.
10 papers.
- 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Controlcited by 14
- 2025KungfuBot2: Learning Versatile Motion Skills for Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 13
- 2025Gait-Adaptive Perceptive Humanoid Locomotion with Real-Time Under-Base Terrain Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2025Contrastive Representation Learning for Robust Sim-to-Real Transfer of Adaptive Humanoid Locomotioncited by 3
- 2026SPHERE: Mitigating the Loss of Spectral Plasticity in Mixture-of-Experts for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2026Generalizing from References using a Multi-Task Reference and Goal-Driven RL Frameworkcited by 1
- 2026PCHC: Enabling Preference Conditioned Humanoid Control via Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026CoRe-MoE: Contrastive Reweighted Mixture of Experts for Multi-Terrain Humanoid Locomotion with Gait Adaptationcited by 0
- 2026CAP: Continuously Adaptive Perception-Blind Humanoid Locomotion via Learned Denoisingcited by 0
- 2026FootQuery: Future-Touchdown-Guided Retrieval from Depth History for Perceptive Humanoid Locomotioncited by 0
- 2026FootQuery: Future-Touchdown-Guided Retrieval from Depth History for Perceptive Humanoid Locomotion18 Sep 2026
- 2026CAP: Continuously Adaptive Perception-Blind Humanoid Locomotion via Learned Denoising10 Sep 2026
- 2026CoRe-MoE: Contrastive Reweighted Mixture of Experts for Multi-Terrain Humanoid Locomotion with Gait Adaptation3 Jun 2026
- 2026SPHERE: Mitigating the Loss of Spectral Plasticity in Mixture-of-Experts for Deep Reinforcement Learning6 May 2026
- 2026PCHC: Enabling Preference Conditioned Humanoid Control via Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning25 Mar 2026
- 2026Generalizing from References using a Multi-Task Reference and Goal-Driven RL Framework23 Feb 2026
- 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Control7 Feb 2026
- 2025Gait-Adaptive Perceptive Humanoid Locomotion with Real-Time Under-Base Terrain Reconstruction8 Dec 2025
- 2025KungfuBot2: Learning Versatile Motion Skills for Humanoid Whole-Body Control20 Sep 2025
- 2025Contrastive Representation Learning for Robust Sim-to-Real Transfer of Adaptive Humanoid Locomotion16 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Robust Humanoid Walking on Compliant and Uneven Terrain with Deep Reinforcement Learning
- 2026CMoE: Contrastive Mixture of Experts for Motion Control and Terrain Adaptation of Humanoid Robots
- 2026Learning Whole-Body Humanoid Locomotion via Motion Generation and Motion Tracking
- 2024Learning Generic and Dynamic Locomotion of Humanoids Across Discrete Terrains
- 2024Learning Humanoid Locomotion over Challenging Terrain
- 2025Humanoid Whole-Body Locomotion on Narrow Terrain via Dynamic Balance and Reinforcement Learning
- 2020Learning natural locomotion behaviors for humanoid robots using human knowledge
- 2025Motion Priors Reimagined: Adapting Flat-Terrain Skills for Complex Quadruped Mobility