mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Generating Physically Realistic and Directable Human Motions from Multi-Modal Inputs

arXiv 2502.05641 ↗First posted 8 Feb 2025cs.RO cs.AIcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

This work focuses on generating realistic, physically-based human behaviors from multi-modal inputs, which may only partially specify the desired motion. For example, the input may come from a VR controller providing arm motion and body velocity, partial key-point animation, computer vision applied to videos, or even higher-level motion goals. This requires a versatile low-level humanoid controller that can handle such sparse, under-specified guidance, seamlessly switch between skills, and recover from failures. Current approaches for learning humanoid controllers from demonstration data capture some of these characteristics, but none achieve them all. To this end, we introduce the Masked Humanoid Controller (MHC), a novel approach that applies multi-objective imitation learning on augmented and selectively masked motion demonstrations. The training methodology results in an MHC that exhibits the key capabilities of catch-up to out-of-sync input commands, combining elements from multiple motion sequences, and completing unspecified parts of motions from sparse multimodal input. We demonstrate these key capabilities for an MHC learned over a dataset of 87 diverse skills and showcase different multi-modal use cases, including integration with planning frameworks to highlight MHC's ability to solve new user-defined tasks without any finetuning.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Feb 2025.

Builds on

26 of 36 references.

References · 26

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,576
  3. 2021Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learningcited by 882
  4. 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 577
  5. 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 567
  6. 2023Perpetual Humanoid Control for Real-time Simulated Avatarscited by 198
  7. 2020Synthesizing Long-Term 3D Human Motion and Interaction in 3D Scenescited by 135
  8. 2023Universal Humanoid Motion Representations for Physics-Based Controlcited by 109
  9. 2023Avatars Grow Legs: Generating Smooth Human Motion from Sparse Tracking Inputs with Diffusion Modelcited by 104
  10. 2018Neural probabilistic motor primitives for humanoid controlcited by 96
  11. 2023CALM: Conditional Adversarial Latent Models for Directable Virtual Characterscited by 91
  12. 2017Learning human behaviors from motion capture by adversarial imitationcited by 75
14 more
  1. 2023MoConVQ: Unified Physics-Based Motion Control via Scalable Discrete Representationscited by 58
  2. 2023C·ASE: Learning Conditional Adversarial Skill Embeddings for Physics-based Characterscited by 53
  3. 2023PADL: Language-Directed Physics-Based Character Controlcited by 47
  4. 2023PMP: Learning to Physically Interact with Environments using Part-wise Motion Priorscited by 38
  5. 2020MeTRAbs: Metric-Scale Truncation-Robust Heatmaps for Absolute 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 35
  6. 2023Prompt, Plan, Perform: LLM-based Humanoid Control via Quantized Imitation Learningcited by 31
  7. 2023Composite Motion Learning with Task Controlcited by 26
  8. 2022MoCapAct: A Multi-Task Dataset for Simulated Humanoid Controlcited by 24
  9. 2023DiffMimic: Efficient Motion Mimicking with Differentiable Physicscited by 17
  10. 2020DeepAveragers: Offline Reinforcement Learning by Solving Derived Non-Parametric MDPscited by 16
  11. 2021A GAN-Like Approach for Physics-Based Imitation Learning and Interactive Character Controlcited by 12
  12. 2022From Universal Humanoid Control to Automatic Physically Valid Character Creationcited by 11
  13. 2023H-GAP: Humanoid Control with a Generalist Plannercited by 11
  14. 2022Physically Plausible Animation of Human Upper Body from a Single Imagecited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

6 papers.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2022Masked Imitation Learning: Discovering Environment-Invariant Modalities in Multimodal Demonstrations
  2. 2025KungfuBot2: Learning Versatile Motion Skills for Humanoid Whole-Body Control
  3. 2024Expressive Whole-Body Control for Humanoid Robots
  4. 2026Human-as-Humanoid: Enabling Zero-Shot Humanoid Learning from Ego-Exo Human Videos with Human-Aligned Embodiments
  5. 2023Deep Imitation Learning for Humanoid Loco-manipulation through Human Teleoperation
  6. 2026HumanoidMimicGen: Data Generation for Loco-Manipulation via Whole-Body Planning
  7. 2025Masked Generative Policy for Robotic Control
  8. 2024Data-Efficient Approach to Humanoid Control via Fine-Tuning a Pre-Trained GPT on Action Data