MEIC: Re-thinking RTL Debug Automation using LLMs
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Abstract (arXiv)
The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code debugging (e.g., C and Python) is widespread, benefiting from their ability to understand and interpret intricate concepts. However, in the semiconductor industry, utilising LLMs to debug Register Transfer Level (RTL) code is still insufficient, largely due to the underrepresentation of RTL-specific data in training sets. This work introduces a novel framework, Make Each Iteration Count (MEIC), which contrasts with traditional one-shot LLM-based debugging methods that heavily rely on prompt engineering, model tuning, and model training. MEIC utilises LLMs in an iterative process to overcome the limitation of LLMs in RTL code debugging, which is suitable for identifying and correcting both syntax and function errors, while effectively managing the uncertainties inherent in LLM operations. To evaluate our framework, we provide an open-source dataset comprising 178 common RTL programming errors. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed debugging framework achieves fix rate of 93% for syntax errors and 78% for function errors, with up to 48x speedup in debugging processes when compared with experienced engineers. The Repo. of dataset and code: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/Verilog-Auto-Debug-6E7F/.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 May 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 15; 2026: 9.
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- 2025A Survey of Research in Large Language Models for Electronic Design Automationcited by 41
- 2025VeriCoder: Enhancing LLM-Based RTL Code Generation through Functional Correctness Validationcited by 13
- 2024Location is Key: Leveraging Large Language Model for Functional Bug Localization in Verilogcited by 10
- 2025From Concept to Practice: an Automated LLM-aided UVM Machine for RTL Verificationcited by 9
- 2025Revolution or Hype? Seeking the Limits of Large Models in Hardware Designcited by 9
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Errors of LLM-Generated RTL Codecited by 8
- 2025iDSE: Navigating Design Space Exploration in High-Level Synthesis Using LLMscited by 7
- 2025Image2Net: Datasets, Benchmark and Hybrid Framework to Convert Analog Circuit Diagrams into Netlistscited by 7
- 2026ChatSVA: Bridging SVA Generation for Hardware Verification via Task-Specific LLMscited by 6
- 2025MARVEL: Multi-Agent RTL Vulnerability Extraction using Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025FVDebug: An LLM-Driven Debugging Assistant for Automated Root Cause Analysis of Formal Verification Failurescited by 5
- 2026GRPO with State Mutations: Improving LLM-Based Hardware Test Plan Generationcited by 4
13 more
- 2026CktEvo: Repository-Level RTL Code Benchmark for Design Evolutioncited by 3
- 2025R3A: Reliable RTL Repair Framework with Multi-Agent Fault Localization and Stochastic Tree-of-Thoughts Patch Generationcited by 2
- 2025AgenticTCAD: A LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Automated TCAD Code Generation and Device Optimizationcited by 2
- 2026HAVEN: Hybrid Automated Verification ENgine for UVM Testbench Synthesis with LLMscited by 2
- 2025BRIDGES: Bridging Graph Modality and Large Language Models within EDA Taskscited by 1
- 2025HDLxGraph: Bridging Large Language Models and HDL Repositories via HDL Graph Databasescited by 1
- 2026VeriPilot: An LLM-Powered Verilog Debugging Frameworkcited by 1
- 2025Unlocking a New Rust Programming Experience: Fast and Slow Thinking with LLMs to Conquer Undefined Behaviorscited by 0
- 2025DUET: Agentic Design Understanding via Experimentation and Testingcited by 0
- 2026SecureRAG-RTL: A Retrieval-Augmented, Multi-Agent, Zero-Shot LLM-Driven Framework for Hardware Vulnerability Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspectivecited by 0
- 2026LLM for EDA in Front-End Design: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 0
- 2026SeqFeed: Improving Agentic RTL Code Generation with Sequential Behavior Feedbackcited by 0
- 2026SeqFeed: Improving Agentic RTL Code Generation with Sequential Behavior Feedback9 Aug 2026
- 2026LLM for EDA in Front-End Design: Challenges and Opportunities10 Jul 2026
- 2026VeriPilot: An LLM-Powered Verilog Debugging Framework22 Jun 2026
- 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspective18 Jun 2026
- 2026HAVEN: Hybrid Automated Verification ENgine for UVM Testbench Synthesis with LLMs30 Apr 2026
- 2026ChatSVA: Bridging SVA Generation for Hardware Verification via Task-Specific LLMs3 Apr 2026
- 2026SecureRAG-RTL: A Retrieval-Augmented, Multi-Agent, Zero-Shot LLM-Driven Framework for Hardware Vulnerability Detection5 Mar 2026
- 2026CktEvo: Repository-Level RTL Code Benchmark for Design Evolution10 Feb 2026
- 2026GRPO with State Mutations: Improving LLM-Based Hardware Test Plan Generation12 Jan 2026
- 2025AgenticTCAD: A LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Automated TCAD Code Generation and Device Optimization26 Dec 2025
- 2025DUET: Agentic Design Understanding via Experimentation and Testing6 Dec 2025
- 2025R3A: Reliable RTL Repair Framework with Multi-Agent Fault Localization and Stochastic Tree-of-Thoughts Patch Generation25 Nov 2025
13 more
- 2025FVDebug: An LLM-Driven Debugging Assistant for Automated Root Cause Analysis of Formal Verification Failures16 Sep 2025
- 2025Revolution or Hype? Seeking the Limits of Large Models in Hardware Design5 Sep 2025
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Errors of LLM-Generated RTL Code7 Aug 2025
- 2025Image2Net: Datasets, Benchmark and Hybrid Framework to Convert Analog Circuit Diagrams into Netlists27 Jun 2025
- 2025iDSE: Navigating Design Space Exploration in High-Level Synthesis Using LLMs28 May 2025
- 2025HDLxGraph: Bridging Large Language Models and HDL Repositories via HDL Graph Databases21 May 2025
- 2025MARVEL: Multi-Agent RTL Vulnerability Extraction using Large Language Models17 May 2025
- 2025From Concept to Practice: an Automated LLM-aided UVM Machine for RTL Verification28 Apr 2025
- 2025VeriCoder: Enhancing LLM-Based RTL Code Generation through Functional Correctness Validation22 Apr 2025
- 2025BRIDGES: Bridging Graph Modality and Large Language Models within EDA Tasks7 Apr 2025
- 2025Unlocking a New Rust Programming Experience: Fast and Slow Thinking with LLMs to Conquer Undefined Behaviors4 Mar 2025
- 2025A Survey of Research in Large Language Models for Electronic Design Automation16 Jan 2025
- 2024Location is Key: Leveraging Large Language Model for Functional Bug Localization in Verilog23 Sep 2024
- 2025MARVEL: Multi-Agent RTL Vulnerability Extraction using Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025AgenticTCAD: A LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Automated TCAD Code Generation and Device Optimizationcited by 2
- 2025DUET: Agentic Design Understanding via Experimentation and Testingcited by 0
- 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspectivecited by 0
- 2026LLM for EDA in Front-End Design: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 0
- 2026SeqFeed: Improving Agentic RTL Code Generation with Sequential Behavior Feedbackcited by 0
- 2026SeqFeed: Improving Agentic RTL Code Generation with Sequential Behavior Feedback9 Aug 2026
- 2026LLM for EDA in Front-End Design: Challenges and Opportunities10 Jul 2026
- 2026Agentic Electronic Design Automation: A Handoff Perspective18 Jun 2026
- 2025AgenticTCAD: A LLM-based Multi-Agent Framework for Automated TCAD Code Generation and Device Optimization26 Dec 2025
- 2025DUET: Agentic Design Understanding via Experimentation and Testing6 Dec 2025
- 2025MARVEL: Multi-Agent RTL Vulnerability Extraction using Large Language Models17 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Research in Large Language Models for Electronic Design Automationcited by 41
- 2025VeriCoder: Enhancing LLM-Based RTL Code Generation through Functional Correctness Validationcited by 13
- 2024Location is Key: Leveraging Large Language Model for Functional Bug Localization in Verilogcited by 10
- 2025From Concept to Practice: an Automated LLM-aided UVM Machine for RTL Verificationcited by 9
- 2025Revolution or Hype? Seeking the Limits of Large Models in Hardware Designcited by 9
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Errors of LLM-Generated RTL Codecited by 8
- 2025iDSE: Navigating Design Space Exploration in High-Level Synthesis Using LLMscited by 7
- 2025Image2Net: Datasets, Benchmark and Hybrid Framework to Convert Analog Circuit Diagrams into Netlistscited by 7
- 2026ChatSVA: Bridging SVA Generation for Hardware Verification via Task-Specific LLMscited by 6
- 2025FVDebug: An LLM-Driven Debugging Assistant for Automated Root Cause Analysis of Formal Verification Failurescited by 5
- 2026CktEvo: Repository-Level RTL Code Benchmark for Design Evolutioncited by 3
- 2025R3A: Reliable RTL Repair Framework with Multi-Agent Fault Localization and Stochastic Tree-of-Thoughts Patch Generationcited by 2
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026VeriPilot: An LLM-Powered Verilog Debugging Framework22 Jun 2026
- 2026HAVEN: Hybrid Automated Verification ENgine for UVM Testbench Synthesis with LLMs30 Apr 2026
- 2026ChatSVA: Bridging SVA Generation for Hardware Verification via Task-Specific LLMs3 Apr 2026
- 2026CktEvo: Repository-Level RTL Code Benchmark for Design Evolution10 Feb 2026
- 2025R3A: Reliable RTL Repair Framework with Multi-Agent Fault Localization and Stochastic Tree-of-Thoughts Patch Generation25 Nov 2025
- 2025FVDebug: An LLM-Driven Debugging Assistant for Automated Root Cause Analysis of Formal Verification Failures16 Sep 2025
- 2025Revolution or Hype? Seeking the Limits of Large Models in Hardware Design5 Sep 2025
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Errors of LLM-Generated RTL Code7 Aug 2025
- 2025Image2Net: Datasets, Benchmark and Hybrid Framework to Convert Analog Circuit Diagrams into Netlists27 Jun 2025
- 2025iDSE: Navigating Design Space Exploration in High-Level Synthesis Using LLMs28 May 2025
- 2025From Concept to Practice: an Automated LLM-aided UVM Machine for RTL Verification28 Apr 2025
- 2025VeriCoder: Enhancing LLM-Based RTL Code Generation through Functional Correctness Validation22 Apr 2025
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
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