mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Controllable Text-to-3D Generation via Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting

arXiv 2403.09981 ↗First posted 15 Mar 2024cs.CVcited by 26

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

While text-to-3D and image-to-3D generation tasks have received considerable attention, one important but under-explored field between them is controllable text-to-3D generation, which we mainly focus on in this work. To address this task, 1) we introduce Multi-view ControlNet (MVControl), a novel neural network architecture designed to enhance existing pre-trained multi-view diffusion models by integrating additional input conditions, such as edge, depth, normal, and scribble maps. Our innovation lies in the introduction of a conditioning module that controls the base diffusion model using both local and global embeddings, which are computed from the input condition images and camera poses. Once trained, MVControl is able to offer 3D diffusion guidance for optimization-based 3D generation. And, 2) we propose an efficient multi-stage 3D generation pipeline that leverages the benefits of recent large reconstruction models and score distillation algorithm. Building upon our MVControl architecture, we employ a unique hybrid diffusion guidance method to direct the optimization process. In pursuit of efficiency, we adopt 3D Gaussians as our representation instead of the commonly used implicit representations. We also pioneer the use of SuGaR, a hybrid representation that binds Gaussians to mesh triangle faces. This approach alleviates the issue of poor geometry in 3D Gaussians and enables the direct sculpting of fine-grained geometry on the mesh. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves robust generalization and enables the controllable generation of high-quality 3D content. Project page: https://lizhiqi49.github.io/MVControl/.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 61 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Mar 2024.

Builds on

61 of 74 references.

Closest ancestors · 21

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023ImageDream: Image-Prompt Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generation2 Dec
  2. 2023Instant3D: Fast Text-to-3D with Sparse-View Generation and Large Reconstruction Model10 Nov
  3. 2023Text-to-3D with Classifier Score Distillation30 Oct
  4. 2023DreamCraft3D: Hierarchical 3D Generation with Bootstrapped Diffusion Prior25 Oct
  5. 2023Zero123++: a Single Image to Consistent Multi-view Diffusion Base Model23 Oct
  6. 2023Wonder3D: Single Image to 3D using Cross-Domain Diffusion23 Oct
  7. 2023SweetDreamer: Aligning Geometric Priors in 2D Diffusion for Consistent Text-to-3D4 Oct
  8. 2023Large-Vocabulary 3D Diffusion Model with Transformer14 Sep
  9. 2023SyncDreamer: Generating Multiview-consistent Images from a Single-view Image7 Sep
  10. 2023MVDream: Multi-view Diffusion for 3D Generation31 Aug
  11. 2023Magic123: One Image to High-Quality 3D Object Generation Using Both 2D and 3D Diffusion Priors30 Jun
  12. 2023HiFA: High-fidelity Text-to-3D Generation with Advanced Diffusion Guidance30 May
9 more
  1. 2023ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillation25 May
  2. 2023Generative Novel View Synthesis with 3D-Aware Diffusion Models5 Apr
  3. 2023Make-It-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Creation from A Single Image with Diffusion Prior24 Mar
  4. 2023Fantasia3D: Disentangling Geometry and Appearance for High-quality Text-to-3D Content Creation24 Mar
  5. 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Object20 Mar
  6. 2022Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Prompts16 Dec
  7. 2022Rodin: A Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Digital Avatars Using Diffusion12 Dec
  8. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creation18 Nov
  9. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion29 Sep

Other references · 40

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  4. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  5. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  6. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
  7. 2019DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representationcited by 2,689
  8. 2018Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Spacecited by 2,041
  9. 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,803
  10. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 1,712
  11. 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,540
  12. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,205
28 more
  1. 2018Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modelingcited by 1,060
  2. 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 849
  3. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 843
  4. 2024LGM: Large Multi-View Gaussian Model for High-Resolution 3D Content Creationcited by 739
  5. 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 616
  6. 2015Holistically-Nested Edge Detectioncited by 592
  7. 2016Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative-Adversarial Modelingcited by 558
  8. 2022Latent-NeRF for Shape-Guided Generation of 3D Shapes and Texturescited by 506
  9. 2021Deep Marching Tetrahedra: a Hybrid Representation for High-Resolution 3D Shape Synthesiscited by 460
  10. 2023Shap-E: Generating Conditional 3D Implicit Functionscited by 385
  11. 2023Common Diffusion Noise Schedules and Sample Steps are Flawedcited by 310
  12. 2022CLIP-Mesh: Generating textured meshes from text using pretrained image-text modelscited by 281
  13. 2023MVDiffusion: Enabling Holistic Multi-view Image Generation with Correspondence-Aware Diffusioncited by 212
  14. 2023Scalable 3D Captioning with Pretrained Modelscited by 203
  15. 2023MeshDiffusion: Score-based Generative 3D Mesh Modelingcited by 199
  16. 2023PF-LRM: Pose-Free Large Reconstruction Model for Joint Pose and Shape Predictioncited by 165
  17. 2023Re-imagine the Negative Prompt Algorithm: Transform 2D Diffusion into 3D, alleviate Janus problem and Beyondcited by 139
  18. 2022VoxGRAF: Fast 3D-Aware Image Synthesis with Sparse Voxel Gridscited by 133
  19. 2016Generative and Discriminative Voxel Modeling with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 128
  20. 20163D Shape Induction from 2D Views of Multiple Objectscited by 121
  21. 2019SDM-NET: Deep Generative Network for Structured Deformable Meshcited by 113
  22. 2023Noise-Free Score Distillationcited by 99
  23. 2017Variational Autoencoders for Deforming 3D Mesh Modelscited by 70
  24. 2019C-Flow: Conditional Generative Flow Models for Images and 3D Point Cloudscited by 50
  25. 2021Learning Generative Models of Textured 3D Meshes from Real-World Imagescited by 44
  26. 2022CLIP-Actor: Text-Driven Recommendation and Stylization for Animating Human Meshescited by 41
  27. 2019Synthesizing 3D Shapes from Silhouette Image Collections using Multi-projection Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 14
  28. 2023UniG3D: A Unified 3D Object Generation Datasetcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 13; 2026: 4.

26 papers.

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  1. 2024VD3D: Taming Large Video Diffusion Transformers for 3D Camera Controlcited by 156
  2. 2024AC3D: Analyzing and Improving 3D Camera Control in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 154
  3. 2024Recent Advances in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 131
  4. 20243D Gaussian Splatting: Survey, Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 78
  5. 2024TC4D: Trajectory-Conditioned Text-to-4D Generationcited by 77
  6. 2024REPARO: Compositional 3D Assets Generation with Differentiable 3D Layout Alignmentcited by 45
  7. 2026Lyra 2.0: Explorable Generative 3D Worldscited by 44
  8. 2025Lyra: Generative 3D Scene Reconstruction via Video Diffusion Model Self-Distillationcited by 41
  9. 2024Vivid-ZOO: Multi-View Video Generation with Diffusion Modelcited by 40
  10. 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
  11. 2024GaussianDreamerPro: Text to Manipulable 3D Gaussians with Highly Enhanced Qualitycited by 18
  12. 2025CMD: Controllable Multiview Diffusion for 3D Editing and Progressive Generationcited by 14
14 more
  1. 2025Digital Twin Generation from Visual Data: A Surveycited by 7
  2. 2025Rethink Sparse Signals for Pose-guided Text-to-image Generationcited by 5
  3. 2024ControLRM: Fast and Controllable 3D Generation via Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 3
  4. 2025Cyc3D: Fine-grained Controllable 3D Generation via Cycle Consistency Regularizationcited by 3
  5. 2026Deep Sketch-Based 3D Modeling: A Surveycited by 3
  6. 2025GuideFlow3D: Optimization-Guided Rectified Flow For Appearance Transfercited by 2
  7. 2025AnchorDS: Anchoring Dynamic Sources for Semantically Consistent Text-to-3D Generationcited by 2
  8. 2025Droplet3D: Commonsense Priors from Videos Facilitate 3D Generationcited by 1
  9. 2025From Fields to Splats: A Cross-Domain Survey of Real-Time Neural Scene Representationscited by 1
  10. 2025Gaussian Splatting-based Low-Rank Tensor Representation for Multi-Dimensional Image Recoverycited by 1
  11. 2026Fake3DGS: A Benchmark for 3D Manipulation Detection in Neural Renderingcited by 1
  12. 2025Multi-View Depth Consistent Image Generation Using Generative AI Models: Application on Architectural Design of University Buildingscited by 0
  13. 2025ESCT3D: Efficient and Selectively Controllable Text-Driven 3D Content Generation with Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  14. 2026CAdam: Context-Adaptive Moment Estimation for 3D Gaussian Densification in Generative Distillationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023MVControl: Adding Conditional Control to Multi-view Diffusion for Controllable Text-to-3D Generation
  2. 2023Control3D: Towards Controllable Text-to-3D Generation
  3. 2025Bridging Geometry-Coherent Text-to-3D Generation with Multi-View Diffusion Priors and Gaussian Splatting
  4. 20223DDesigner: Towards Photorealistic 3D Object Generation and Editing with Text-guided Diffusion Models
  5. 2025Generating Surface for Text-to-3D using 2D Gaussian Splatting
  6. 2023Text-to-3D using Gaussian Splatting
  7. 2025DiffSplat: Repurposing Image Diffusion Models for Scalable Gaussian Splat Generation
  8. 2024Sketch2NeRF: Multi-view Sketch-guided Text-to-3D Generation