O2O-Afford: Annotation-Free Large-Scale Object-Object Affordance Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Contrary to the vast literature in modeling, perceiving, and understanding agent-object (e.g., human-object, hand-object, robot-object) interaction in computer vision and robotics, very few past works have studied the task of object-object interaction, which also plays an important role in robotic manipulation and planning tasks. There is a rich space of object-object interaction scenarios in our daily life, such as placing an object on a messy tabletop, fitting an object inside a drawer, pushing an object using a tool, etc. In this paper, we propose a unified affordance learning framework to learn object-object interaction for various tasks. By constructing four object-object interaction task environments using physical simulation (SAPIEN) and thousands of ShapeNet models with rich geometric diversity, we are able to conduct large-scale object-object affordance learning without the need for human annotations or demonstrations. At the core of technical contribution, we propose an object-kernel point convolution network to reason about detailed interaction between two objects. Experiments on large-scale synthetic data and real-world data prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Please refer to the project webpage for code, data, video, and more materials: https://cs.stanford.edu/~kaichun/o2oafford
Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jun 2021.
Builds on
37 of 57 references.
References · 37
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- 2018PartNet: A Large-scale Benchmark for Fine-grained and Hierarchical Part-level 3D Object Understandingcited by 521
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- 2016Learning Hand-Eye Coordination for Robotic Grasping with Deep Learning and Large-Scale Data Collectioncited by 312
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- 2016Learning to Poke by Poking: Experiential Learning of Intuitive Physicscited by 152
- 2018Grounded Human-Object Interaction Hotspots from Videocited by 128
25 more
- 2020CPF: Learning a Contact Potential Field to Model the Hand-Object Interactioncited by 127
- 2017AffordanceNet: An End-to-End Deep Learning Approach for Object Affordance Detectioncited by 126
- 2013Deep Learning for Detecting Robotic Graspscited by 114
- 2019Self-supervised 6D Object Pose Estimation for Robot Manipulationcited by 100
- 2020Learning Dexterous Grasping with Object-Centric Visual Affordancescited by 80
- 2014Real-Time Grasp Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 75
- 2020Learning Affordance Landscapes for Interaction Exploration in 3D Environmentscited by 65
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 3; 2023: 14; 2024: 16; 2025: 6; 2026: 5.
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- 2023HOI-Diff: Text-Driven Synthesis of 3D Human-Object Interactions using Diffusion Modelscited by 89
- 2024General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learningcited by 80
- 2024Robo-ABC: Affordance Generalization Beyond Categories via Semantic Correspondence for Robot Manipulationcited by 69
- 2023DexArt: Benchmarking Generalizable Dexterous Manipulation with Articulated Objectscited by 64
- 2023Grounding 3D Object Affordance from 2D Interactions in Imagescited by 62
- 2021AdaAfford: Learning to Adapt Manipulation Affordance for 3D Articulated Objects via Few-shot Interactionscited by 56
- 2022End-to-End Affordance Learning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 54
- 2025Open-Vocabulary Functional 3D Scene Graphs for Real-World Indoor Spacescited by 53
- 2023LEMON: Learning 3D Human-Object Interaction Relation from 2D Imagescited by 49
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Point Cloudscited by 41
- 2022PartAfford: Part-level Affordance Discovery from 3D Objectscited by 35
- 2024Deep Generative Models in Robotics: A Survey on Learning from Multimodal Demonstrationscited by 35
34 more
- 2024A survey of synthetic data augmentation methods in computer visioncited by 34
- 2025MoManipVLA: Transferring Vision-language-action Models for General Mobile Manipulationcited by 34
- 2023Shelving, Stacking, Hanging: Relational Pose Diffusion for Multi-modal Rearrangementcited by 29
- 20253D-AffordanceLLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Worldscited by 29
- 2024EgoChoir: Capturing 3D Human-Object Interaction Regions from Egocentric Viewscited by 26
- 2024M2Diffuser: Diffusion-based Trajectory Optimization for Mobile Manipulation in 3D Scenescited by 26
- 2024GREAT: Geometry-Intention Collaborative Inference for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Affordance Groundingcited by 26
- 2023Learning Foresightful Dense Visual Affordance for Deformable Object Manipulationcited by 25
- 2023Learning Environment-Aware Affordance for 3D Articulated Object Manipulation under Occlusionscited by 23
- 2024Composable Part-Based Manipulationcited by 17
- 2024GEAL: Generalizable 3D Affordance Learning with Cross-Modal Consistencycited by 17
- 2024Open-World Reinforcement Learning over Long Short-Term Imaginationcited by 13
- 2024LLM-enhanced Scene Graph Learning for Household Rearrangementcited by 12
- 2024PreAfford: Universal Affordance-Based Pre-Grasping for Diverse Objects and Environmentscited by 11
- 2025IAAO: Interactive Affordance Learning for Articulated Objects in 3D Environmentscited by 11
- 2023STRAP: Structured Object Affordance Segmentation with Point Supervisioncited by 10
- 2021IFR-Explore: Learning Inter-object Functional Relationships in 3D Indoor Scenescited by 9
- 2023On the Efficacy of 3D Point Cloud Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2024Seeing the Unseen: Visual Common Sense for Semantic Placementcited by 9
- 2023Sim-Suction: Learning a Suction Grasp Policy for Cluttered Environments Using a Synthetic Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2024M3Bench: Benchmarking Whole-body Motion Generation for Mobile Manipulation in 3D Scenescited by 5
- 2024Information-driven Affordance Discovery for Efficient Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
- 2023Towards Learning Geometric Eigen-Lengths Crucial for Fitting Taskscited by 3
- 2025O3Afford: One-Shot 3D Object-to-Object Affordance Grounding for Generalizable Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
- 2022Fixing Malfunctional Objects With Learned Physical Simulation and Functional Predictioncited by 2
- 2023Self-Supervised Learning of Action Affordances as Interaction Modescited by 2
- 2026VideoAfford: Grounding 3D Affordance from Human-Object-Interaction Videos via Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2025GOPLA: Generalizable Object Placement Learning via Synthetic Augmentation of Human Arrangementcited by 1
- 2026Analogical Trajectory Transfercited by 1
- 2023SPOTS: Stable Placement of Objects with Reasoning in Semi-Autonomous Teleoperation Systemscited by 0
- 2024DAP: Diffusion-based Affordance Prediction for Multi-modality Storagecited by 0
- 2026AffordSim: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark for Affordance-Aware Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026VoxAfford: Multi-Scale Voxel-Token Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Affordance Detectioncited by 0
- 2026HeteroGenManip: Generalizable Manipulation For Heterogeneous Object Interactionscited by 0
- 2026Analogical Trajectory Transfer14 May 2026
- 2026HeteroGenManip: Generalizable Manipulation For Heterogeneous Object Interactions11 May 2026
- 2026VoxAfford: Multi-Scale Voxel-Token Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Affordance Detection2 May 2026
- 2026AffordSim: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark for Affordance-Aware Robotic Manipulation13 Apr 2026
- 2026VideoAfford: Grounding 3D Affordance from Human-Object-Interaction Videos via Multimodal Large Language Model10 Feb 2026
- 2025GOPLA: Generalizable Object Placement Learning via Synthetic Augmentation of Human Arrangement16 Oct 2025
- 2025O3Afford: One-Shot 3D Object-to-Object Affordance Grounding for Generalizable Robotic Manipulation7 Sep 2025
- 2025IAAO: Interactive Affordance Learning for Articulated Objects in 3D Environments9 Apr 2025
- 2025Open-Vocabulary Functional 3D Scene Graphs for Real-World Indoor Spaces24 Mar 2025
- 2025MoManipVLA: Transferring Vision-language-action Models for General Mobile Manipulation17 Mar 2025
- 20253D-AffordanceLLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Worlds27 Feb 2025
- 2024GEAL: Generalizable 3D Affordance Learning with Cross-Modal Consistency12 Dec 2024
34 more
- 2024GREAT: Geometry-Intention Collaborative Inference for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Affordance Grounding29 Nov 2024
- 2024M2Diffuser: Diffusion-based Trajectory Optimization for Mobile Manipulation in 3D Scenes15 Oct 2024
- 2024M3Bench: Benchmarking Whole-body Motion Generation for Mobile Manipulation in 3D Scenes9 Oct 2024
- 2024Open-World Reinforcement Learning over Long Short-Term Imagination4 Oct 2024
- 2024DAP: Diffusion-based Affordance Prediction for Multi-modality Storage31 Aug 2024
- 2024LLM-enhanced Scene Graph Learning for Household Rearrangement22 Aug 2024
- 2024Deep Generative Models in Robotics: A Survey on Learning from Multimodal Demonstrations8 Aug 2024
- 2024EgoChoir: Capturing 3D Human-Object Interaction Regions from Egocentric Views22 May 2024
- 2024Composable Part-Based Manipulation9 May 2024
- 2024Information-driven Affordance Discovery for Efficient Robotic Manipulation6 May 2024
- 2024PreAfford: Universal Affordance-Based Pre-Grasping for Diverse Objects and Environments4 Apr 2024
- 2024A survey of synthetic data augmentation methods in computer vision15 Mar 2024
- 2024General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learning21 Jan 2024
- 2024Seeing the Unseen: Visual Common Sense for Semantic Placement15 Jan 2024
- 2024Robo-ABC: Affordance Generalization Beyond Categories via Semantic Correspondence for Robot Manipulation15 Jan 2024
- 2023Towards Learning Geometric Eigen-Lengths Crucial for Fitting Tasks25 Dec 2023
- 2023LEMON: Learning 3D Human-Object Interaction Relation from 2D Images14 Dec 2023
- 2023HOI-Diff: Text-Driven Synthesis of 3D Human-Object Interactions using Diffusion Models11 Dec 2023
- 2023SPOTS: Stable Placement of Objects with Reasoning in Semi-Autonomous Teleoperation Systems25 Sep 2023
- 2023Learning Environment-Aware Affordance for 3D Articulated Object Manipulation under Occlusions14 Sep 2023
- 2023Shelving, Stacking, Hanging: Relational Pose Diffusion for Multi-modal Rearrangement10 Jul 2023
- 2023On the Efficacy of 3D Point Cloud Reinforcement Learning11 Jun 2023
- 2023Self-Supervised Learning of Action Affordances as Interaction Modes27 May 2023
- 2023Sim-Suction: Learning a Suction Grasp Policy for Cluttered Environments Using a Synthetic Benchmark25 May 2023
- 2023DexArt: Benchmarking Generalizable Dexterous Manipulation with Articulated Objects9 May 2023
- 2023STRAP: Structured Object Affordance Segmentation with Point Supervision17 Apr 2023
- 2023Learning Foresightful Dense Visual Affordance for Deformable Object Manipulation20 Mar 2023
- 2023Grounding 3D Object Affordance from 2D Interactions in Images18 Mar 2023
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Point Clouds4 Mar 2023
- 2022End-to-End Affordance Learning for Robotic Manipulation26 Sep 2022
- 2022Fixing Malfunctional Objects With Learned Physical Simulation and Functional Prediction5 May 2022
- 2022PartAfford: Part-level Affordance Discovery from 3D Objects28 Feb 2022
- 2021IFR-Explore: Learning Inter-object Functional Relationships in 3D Indoor Scenes10 Dec 2021
- 2021AdaAfford: Learning to Adapt Manipulation Affordance for 3D Articulated Objects via Few-shot Interactions1 Dec 2021
- 2024General Flow as Foundation Affordance for Scalable Robot Learningcited by 80
- 2024Robo-ABC: Affordance Generalization Beyond Categories via Semantic Correspondence for Robot Manipulationcited by 69
- 2023DexArt: Benchmarking Generalizable Dexterous Manipulation with Articulated Objectscited by 64
- 2023Grounding 3D Object Affordance from 2D Interactions in Imagescited by 62
- 2021AdaAfford: Learning to Adapt Manipulation Affordance for 3D Articulated Objects via Few-shot Interactionscited by 56
- 2022End-to-End Affordance Learning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 54
- 2025Open-Vocabulary Functional 3D Scene Graphs for Real-World Indoor Spacescited by 53
- 2023LEMON: Learning 3D Human-Object Interaction Relation from 2D Imagescited by 49
- 2023Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Point Cloudscited by 41
- 2022PartAfford: Part-level Affordance Discovery from 3D Objectscited by 35
- 2024A survey of synthetic data augmentation methods in computer visioncited by 34
- 2023Shelving, Stacking, Hanging: Relational Pose Diffusion for Multi-modal Rearrangementcited by 29
12 most cited of 38 All 38 (JSON)
- 2026Analogical Trajectory Transfer14 May 2026
- 2026HeteroGenManip: Generalizable Manipulation For Heterogeneous Object Interactions11 May 2026
- 2026VoxAfford: Multi-Scale Voxel-Token Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Affordance Detection2 May 2026
- 2026AffordSim: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark for Affordance-Aware Robotic Manipulation13 Apr 2026
- 2025GOPLA: Generalizable Object Placement Learning via Synthetic Augmentation of Human Arrangement16 Oct 2025
- 2025O3Afford: One-Shot 3D Object-to-Object Affordance Grounding for Generalizable Robotic Manipulation7 Sep 2025
- 2025IAAO: Interactive Affordance Learning for Articulated Objects in 3D Environments9 Apr 2025
- 2025Open-Vocabulary Functional 3D Scene Graphs for Real-World Indoor Spaces24 Mar 2025
- 20253D-AffordanceLLM: Harnessing Large Language Models for Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Worlds27 Feb 2025
- 2024GEAL: Generalizable 3D Affordance Learning with Cross-Modal Consistency12 Dec 2024
- 2024GREAT: Geometry-Intention Collaborative Inference for Open-Vocabulary 3D Object Affordance Grounding29 Nov 2024
- 2024M3Bench: Benchmarking Whole-body Motion Generation for Mobile Manipulation in 3D Scenes9 Oct 2024
12 newest of 38 All 38 (JSON)