mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Seasonal Contrast: Unsupervised Pre-Training from Uncurated Remote Sensing Data

arXiv 2103.16607 ↗First posted 30 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 214

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Abstract (arXiv)

Remote sensing and automatic earth monitoring are key to solve global-scale challenges such as disaster prevention, land use monitoring, or tackling climate change. Although there exist vast amounts of remote sensing data, most of it remains unlabeled and thus inaccessible for supervised learning algorithms. Transfer learning approaches can reduce the data requirements of deep learning algorithms. However, most of these methods are pre-trained on ImageNet and their generalization to remote sensing imagery is not guaranteed due to the domain gap. In this work, we propose Seasonal Contrast (SeCo), an effective pipeline to leverage unlabeled data for in-domain pre-training of remote sensing representations. The SeCo pipeline is composed of two parts. First, a principled procedure to gather large-scale, unlabeled and uncurated remote sensing datasets containing images from multiple Earth locations at different timestamps. Second, a self-supervised algorithm that takes advantage of time and position invariance to learn transferable representations for remote sensing applications. We empirically show that models trained with SeCo achieve better performance than their ImageNet pre-trained counterparts and state-of-the-art self-supervised learning methods on multiple downstream tasks. The datasets and models in SeCo will be made public to facilitate transfer learning and enable rapid progress in remote sensing applications.

Key facts. Cited by 214 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2021.

Builds on

38 of 51 references.

References · 38

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26 more
  1. 2020Understanding Contrastive Representation Learning through Alignment and Uniformity on the Hyperspherecited by 1,393
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  12. 2019BigEarthNet: A Large-Scale Benchmark Archive For Remote Sensing Image Understandingcited by 231
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 33; 2023: 34; 2024: 53; 2025: 48; 2026: 36.

214 papers.

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  1. 2022SatMAE: Pre-training Transformers for Temporal and Multi-Spectral Satellite Imagerycited by 402
  2. 2023RemoteCLIP: A Vision Language Foundation Model for Remote Sensingcited by 357
  3. 2023SpectralGPT: Spectral Remote Sensing Foundation Modelcited by 250
  4. 2023A Survey on Self-supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trendscited by 205
  5. 2023SkySense: A Multi-Modal Remote Sensing Foundation Model Towards Universal Interpretation for Earth Observation Imagerycited by 202
  6. 2024EarthGPT: A Universal Multi-modal Large Language Model for Multi-sensor Image Comprehension in Remote Sensing Domaincited by 181
  7. 2023RSPrompter: Learning to Prompt for Remote Sensing Instance Segmentation based on Visual Foundation Modelcited by 180
  8. 2023CROMA: Remote Sensing Representations with Contrastive Radar-Optical Masked Autoencoderscited by 167
  9. 2022SatlasPretrain: A Large-Scale Dataset for Remote Sensing Image Understandingcited by 164
  10. 2023RS5M and GeoRSCLIP: A Large Scale Vision-Language Dataset and A Large Vision-Language Model for Remote Sensingcited by 150
  11. 2022Advancing Plain Vision Transformer Towards Remote Sensing Foundation Modelcited by 149
  12. 2022Self-supervised Learning in Remote Sensing: A Reviewcited by 137
38 more
  1. 2023SkyScript: A Large and Semantically Diverse Vision-Language Dataset for Remote Sensingcited by 123
  2. 2023GEO-Bench: Toward Foundation Models for Earth Monitoringcited by 122
  3. 2023Towards Geospatial Foundation Models via Continual Pretrainingcited by 109
  4. 2022An Empirical Study of Remote Sensing Pretrainingcited by 105
  5. 2023Lightweight, Pre-trained Transformers for Remote Sensing Timeseriescited by 102
  6. 2024Neural Plasticity-Inspired Multimodal Foundation Model for Earth Observationcited by 97
  7. 2023Vision-Language Models in Remote Sensing: Current Progress and Future Trendscited by 93
  8. 2022SSL4EO-S12: A Large-Scale Multi-Modal, Multi-Temporal Dataset for Self-Supervised Learning in Earth Observationcited by 82
  9. 2024Rethinking Transformers Pre-training for Multi-Spectral Satellite Imagerycited by 82
  10. 2022Changer: Feature Interaction is What You Need for Change Detectioncited by 78
  11. 2024Mission Critical -- Satellite Data is a Distinct Modality in Machine Learningcited by 76
  12. 2024MMEarth: Exploring Multi-Modal Pretext Tasks For Geospatial Representation Learningcited by 76
  13. 2021TorchGeo: Deep Learning With Geospatial Datacited by 73
  14. 2024AnySat: One Earth Observation Model for Many Resolutions, Scales, and Modalitiescited by 73
  15. 2024HyperSIGMA: Hyperspectral Intelligence Comprehension Foundation Modelcited by 72
  16. 2023Remote Sensing Vision-Language Foundation Models without Annotations via Ground Remote Alignmentcited by 71
  17. 2024TEOChat: A Large Vision-Language Assistant for Temporal Earth Observation Datacited by 69
  18. 2023CSP: Self-Supervised Contrastive Spatial Pre-Training for Geospatial-Visual Representationscited by 67
  19. 2024MTP: Advancing Remote Sensing Foundation Model via Multi-Task Pretrainingcited by 66
  20. 2024OmniSat: Self-Supervised Modality Fusion for Earth Observationcited by 63
  21. 2023A Billion-scale Foundation Model for Remote Sensing Imagescited by 62
  22. 2024PANGAEA: A Global and Inclusive Benchmark for Geospatial Foundation Modelscited by 62
  23. 2025Towards a Unified Copernicus Foundation Model for Earth Visioncited by 52
  24. 2021Self-Supervised Material and Texture Representation Learning for Remote Sensing Taskscited by 49
  25. 2023SSL4EO-L: Datasets and Foundation Models for Landsat Imagerycited by 49
  26. 2023CMID: A Unified Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Remote Sensing Image Understandingcited by 48
  27. 2024Cross-Scale MAE: A Tale of Multi-Scale Exploitation in Remote Sensingcited by 47
  28. 2024SpectralEarth: Training Hyperspectral Foundation Models at Scalecited by 42
  29. 2025Galileo: Learning Global & Local Features of Many Remote Sensing Modalitiescited by 41
  30. 2022EarthNets: Empowering AI in Earth Observationcited by 40
  31. 2025RemoteSAM: Towards Segment Anything for Earth Observationcited by 38
  32. 2021Geographical Knowledge-driven Representation Learning for Remote Sensing Imagescited by 37
  33. 2024SwitchTab: Switched Autoencoders Are Effective Tabular Learnerscited by 37
  34. 2024Changen2: Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Generative Change Foundation Modelcited by 37
  35. 2023Decoupling Common and Unique Representations for Multimodal Self-supervised Learningcited by 36
  36. 2021A Survey of Self-Supervised and Few-Shot Object Detectioncited by 35
  37. 2022TOV: The Original Vision Model for Optical Remote Sensing Image Understanding via Self-supervised Learningcited by 35
  38. 2024Segment Any Changecited by 35

50 most cited of 214 All 214 (JSON)