mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Free-form Description Guided 3D Visual Graph Network for Object Grounding in Point Cloud

arXiv 2103.16381 ↗First posted 30 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 81

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Abstract (arXiv)

3D object grounding aims to locate the most relevant target object in a raw point cloud scene based on a free-form language description. Understanding complex and diverse descriptions, and lifting them directly to a point cloud is a new and challenging topic due to the irregular and sparse nature of point clouds. There are three main challenges in 3D object grounding: to find the main focus in the complex and diverse description; to understand the point cloud scene; and to locate the target object. In this paper, we address all three challenges. Firstly, we propose a language scene graph module to capture the rich structure and long-distance phrase correlations. Secondly, we introduce a multi-level 3D proposal relation graph module to extract the object-object and object-scene co-occurrence relationships, and strengthen the visual features of the initial proposals. Lastly, we develop a description guided 3D visual graph module to encode global contexts of phrases and proposals by a nodes matching strategy. Extensive experiments on challenging benchmark datasets (ScanRefer and Nr3D) show that our algorithm outperforms existing state-of-the-art. Our code is available at https://github.com/PNXD/FFL-3DOG.

Key facts. Cited by 81 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2021.

Builds on

34 of 43 references.

References · 34

  1. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  2. 2017Graph Attention Networkscited by 8,854
  3. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  4. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  5. 2014Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modelingcited by 2,341
  6. 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,707
  7. 2015Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Modelscited by 1,352
  8. 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
  9. 2016Modeling Context in Referring Expressionscited by 1,054
  10. 2015Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptionscited by 897
  11. 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
  12. 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
22 more
  1. 2019Deep Learning for 3D Point Clouds: A Surveycited by 557
  2. 2019ScanRefer: 3D Object Localization in RGB-D Scans using Natural Languagecited by 446
  3. 2018MAttNet: Modular Attention Network for Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 427
  4. 2019PIXOR: Real-time 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 358
  5. 2020Point-GNN: Graph Neural Network for 3D Object Detection in a Point Cloudcited by 335
  6. 2019Cross-Modal Self-Attention Network for Referring Image Segmentationcited by 263
  7. 2020Multi-task Collaborative Network for Joint Referring Expression Comprehension and Segmentationcited by 204
  8. 2019A Fast and Accurate One-Stage Approach to Visual Groundingcited by 194
  9. 2018Text2Shape: Generating Shapes from Natural Language by Learning Joint Embeddingscited by 169
  10. 2021InstanceRefer: Cooperative Holistic Understanding for Visual Grounding on Point Clouds through Instance Multi-level Contextual Referringcited by 140
  11. 2020PhraseCut: Language-based Image Segmentation in the Wildcited by 116
  12. 2019Dynamic Graph Attention for Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 111
  13. 2018Neighbourhood Watch: Referring Expression Comprehension via Language-guided Graph Attention Networkscited by 102
  14. 2020Referring Expression Comprehension: A Survey of Methods and Datasetscited by 78
  15. 2018Real-Time Referring Expression Comprehension by Single-Stage Grounding Networkcited by 56
  16. 2020Cops-Ref: A new Dataset and Task on Compositional Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 50
  17. 2019Learning Cross-modal Context Graph for Visual Groundingcited by 49
  18. 2015Natural Language Inference by Tree-Based Convolution and Heuristic Matchingcited by 42
  19. 2019Relation Graph Network for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 27
  20. 2019Relationship-Embedded Representation Learning for Grounding Referring Expressionscited by 25
  21. 2019Neural Sequential Phrase Grounding (SeqGROUND)cited by 20
  22. 2020Utilizing Every Image Object for Semi-supervised Phrase Groundingcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 14; 2023: 21; 2024: 23; 2025: 13; 2026: 6.

81 papers.

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  1. 2024Aligning Cyber Space with Physical World: A Comprehensive Survey on Embodied AIcited by 175
  2. 2024Scene-LLM: Extending Language Model for 3D Visual Understanding and Reasoningcited by 170
  3. 2023Multi3DRefer: Grounding Text Description to Multiple 3D Objectscited by 142
  4. 2022Multi-View Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 138
  5. 2024SceneVerse: Scaling 3D Vision-Language Learning for Grounded Scene Understandingcited by 130
  6. 2021Bottom Up Top Down Detection Transformers for Language Grounding in Images and Point Cloudscited by 128
  7. 2021SAT: 2D Semantics Assisted Training for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 124
  8. 2022Language Conditioned Spatial Relation Reasoning for 3D Object Groundingcited by 121
  9. 20223D-SPS: Single-Stage 3D Visual Grounding via Referred Point Progressive Selectioncited by 109
  10. 2022EDA: Explicit Text-Decoupling and Dense Alignment for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 98
  11. 2023LiDAR-LLM: Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models for 3D LiDAR Understandingcited by 95
  12. 2021LanguageRefer: Spatial-Language Model for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 88
38 more
  1. 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Drivingcited by 88
  2. 20233D Concept Learning and Reasoning from Multi-View Imagescited by 60
  3. 2023NS3D: Neuro-Symbolic Grounding of 3D Objects and Relationscited by 57
  4. 2022A Survey on Graph Neural Networks and Graph Transformers in Computer Vision: A Task-Oriented Perspectivecited by 56
  5. 2022MORE: Multi-Order RElation Mining for Dense Captioning in 3D Scenescited by 46
  6. 20213D Question Answeringcited by 41
  7. 2022Look Around and Refer: 2D Synthetic Semantics Knowledge Distillation for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 41
  8. 2022Text2Pos: Text-to-Point-Cloud Cross-Modal Localizationcited by 40
  9. 2023Sketch and Text Guided Diffusion Model for Colored Point Cloud Generationcited by 36
  10. 20233D-STMN: Dependency-Driven Superpoint-Text Matching Network for End-to-End 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 36
  11. 2023Text2Loc: 3D Point Cloud Localization from Natural Languagecited by 35
  12. 2022ScanEnts3D: Exploiting Phrase-to-3D-Object Correspondences for Improved Visio-Linguistic Models in 3D Scenescited by 32
  13. 2023Four Ways to Improve Verbo-visual Fusion for Dense 3D Visual Groundingcited by 32
  14. 2024Situational Awareness Matters in 3D Vision Language Reasoningcited by 32
  15. 20243DGraphLLM: Combining Semantic Graphs and Large Language Models for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 26
  16. 2022Towards Explainable 3D Grounded Visual Question Answering: A New Benchmark and Strong Baselinecited by 25
  17. 2023Vision-Language Pre-training with Object Contrastive Learning for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 25
  18. 2023Object2Scene: Putting Objects in Context for Open-Vocabulary 3D Detectioncited by 24
  19. 2024A Survey on Text-guided 3D Visual Grounding: Elements, Recent Advances, and Future Directionscited by 24
  20. 2023Mono3DVG: 3D Visual Grounding in Monocular Imagescited by 22
  21. 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
  22. 2023Text to Point Cloud Localization with Relation-Enhanced Transformercited by 20
  23. 2024Multi-branch Collaborative Learning Network for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 20
  24. 2022Learning 6-DoF Object Poses to Grasp Category-level Objects by Language Instructionscited by 19
  25. 2025TSP3D: Text-guided Sparse Voxel Pruning for Efficient 3D Visual Groundingcited by 17
  26. 2022Toward Explainable and Fine-Grained 3D Grounding through Referring Textual Phrasescited by 16
  27. 2023Dense Object Grounding in 3D Scenescited by 15
  28. 2024"Where am I?" Scene Retrieval with Languagecited by 15
  29. 2025Object Detection with Multimodal Large Vision-Language Models: An In-depth Reviewcited by 14
  30. 2023CoT3DRef: Chain-of-Thoughts Data-Efficient 3D Visual Groundingcited by 13
  31. 2023ScanERU: Interactive 3D Visual Grounding based on Embodied Reference Understandingcited by 12
  32. 2023Recent Advances in Multi-modal 3D Intelligence: A Comprehensive Survey and Evaluationcited by 12
  33. 2024RG-SAN: Rule-Guided Spatial Awareness Network for End-to-End 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 11
  34. 2023Narrator: Towards Natural Control of Human-Scene Interaction Generation via Relationship Reasoningcited by 10
  35. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of 3D Dense Captioning: Localizing and Describing Objects in 3D Scenescited by 10
  36. 2024SG-PGM: Partial Graph Matching Network with Semantic Geometric Fusion for 3D Scene Graph Alignment and Its Downstream Taskscited by 10
  37. 2023Embodied Concept Learner: Self-supervised Learning of Concepts and Mapping through Instruction Followingcited by 9
  38. 2023WildRefer: 3D Object Localization in Large-scale Dynamic Scenes with Multi-modal Visual Data and Natural Languagecited by 8

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