Towards Explainable 3D Grounded Visual Question Answering: A New Benchmark and Strong Baseline
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, 3D vision-and-language tasks have attracted increasing research interest. Compared to other vision-and-language tasks, the 3D visual question answering (VQA) task is less exploited and is more susceptible to language priors and co-reference ambiguity. Meanwhile, a couple of recently proposed 3D VQA datasets do not well support 3D VQA task due to their limited scale and annotation methods. In this work, we formally define and address a 3D grounded VQA task by collecting a new 3D VQA dataset, referred to as FE-3DGQA, with diverse and relatively free-form question-answer pairs, as well as dense and completely grounded bounding box annotations. To achieve more explainable answers, we labelled the objects appeared in the complex QA pairs with different semantic types, including answer-grounded objects (both appeared and not appeared in the questions), and contextual objects for answer-grounded objects. We also propose a new 3D VQA framework to effectively predict the completely visually grounded and explainable answer. Extensive experiments verify that our newly collected benchmark datasets can be effectively used to evaluate various 3D VQA methods from different aspects and our newly proposed framework also achieves state-of-the-art performance on the new benchmark dataset. Both the newly collected dataset and our codes will be publicly available at http://github.com/zlccccc/3DGQA.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2022.
Builds on
36 of 51 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.
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- 2023NuScenes-QA: A Multi-modal Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Autonomous Driving Scenariocited by 258
- 2023LL3DA: Visual Interactive Instruction Tuning for Omni-3D Understanding, Reasoning, and Planningcited by 206
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- 2023Single-view 3D Scene Reconstruction with High-fidelity Shape and Texturecited by 37
- 2023Vision-Language Pre-training with Object Contrastive Learning for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 25
- 2025SpaCE-10: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models in Compositional Spatial Intelligencecited by 22
- 2024Bridging the Gap between 2D and 3D Visual Question Answering: A Fusion Approach for 3D VQAcited by 21
- 2023CityRefer: Geography-aware 3D Visual Grounding Dataset on City-scale Point Cloud Datacited by 15
- 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answeringcited by 11
- 20243D Question Answering for City Scene Understandingcited by 10
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- 2024PerLA: Perceptive 3D Language Assistantcited by 8
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- 2025D3D-VLP: Dynamic 3D Vision-Language-Planning Model for Embodied Grounding and Navigationcited by 5
- 2025From Objects to Anywhere: A Holistic Benchmark for Multi-level Visual Grounding in 3D Scenescited by 4
- 2023Multi-modal Large Language Model Enhanced Pseudo 3D Perception Framework for Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026SeGPruner: Semantic-Geometric Visual Token Pruner for 3D Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2025Argus: Leveraging Multiview Images for Improved 3-D Scene Understanding With Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025NeuroVoxel-LM: Language-Aligned 3D Perception via Dynamic Voxelization and Meta-Embeddingcited by 1
- 2025Edge-Centric Relational Reasoning for 3D Scene Graph Predictioncited by 1
- 2026Explanation-Guided Adversarial Training for Robust and Interpretable Modelscited by 1
- 2026CoVeR: Coverage-Based Token Pruning for Multi-View 3D Reasoning in VLMscited by 0
- 2026From Alignment to Fusion in 3D Vision-Languagecited by 0
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- 2026CoVeR: Coverage-Based Token Pruning for Multi-View 3D Reasoning in VLMs8 Sep 2026
- 2026SeGPruner: Semantic-Geometric Visual Token Pruner for 3D Question Answering31 Mar 2026
- 2026Explanation-Guided Adversarial Training for Robust and Interpretable Models2 Mar 2026
- 2025D3D-VLP: Dynamic 3D Vision-Language-Planning Model for Embodied Grounding and Navigation14 Dec 2025
- 2025Edge-Centric Relational Reasoning for 3D Scene Graph Prediction19 Nov 2025
- 2025NeuroVoxel-LM: Language-Aligned 3D Perception via Dynamic Voxelization and Meta-Embedding27 Jul 2025
- 2025Argus: Leveraging Multiview Images for Improved 3-D Scene Understanding With Large Language Models17 Jul 2025
- 2025Move to Understand a 3D Scene: Bridging Visual Grounding and Exploration for Efficient and Versatile Embodied Navigation5 Jul 2025
- 2025SpaCE-10: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models in Compositional Spatial Intelligence9 Jun 2025
- 2025From Objects to Anywhere: A Holistic Benchmark for Multi-level Visual Grounding in 3D Scenes5 Jun 2025
- 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answering1 Feb 2025
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- 2024PerLA: Perceptive 3D Language Assistant29 Nov 2024
- 2024Task-oriented Sequential Grounding and Navigation in 3D Scenes7 Aug 2024
- 20243D Question Answering for City Scene Understanding24 Jul 2024
- 2024SHMamba: Structured Hyperbolic State Space Model for Audio-Visual Question Answering14 Jun 2024
- 2024Unifying 3D Vision-Language Understanding via Promptable Queries19 May 2024
- 2024Bridging the Gap between 2D and 3D Visual Question Answering: A Fusion Approach for 3D VQA24 Feb 2024
- 2023LL3DA: Visual Interactive Instruction Tuning for Omni-3D Understanding, Reasoning, and Planning30 Nov 2023
- 2023Single-view 3D Scene Reconstruction with High-fidelity Shape and Texture1 Nov 2023
- 2023CityRefer: Geography-aware 3D Visual Grounding Dataset on City-scale Point Cloud Data28 Oct 2023
- 20233D-VisTA: Pre-trained Transformer for 3D Vision and Text Alignment8 Aug 2023
- 2023NuScenes-QA: A Multi-modal Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Autonomous Driving Scenario24 May 2023
- 2023Vision-Language Pre-training with Object Contrastive Learning for 3D Scene Understanding18 May 2023
- 2023Multi-modal Large Language Model Enhanced Pseudo 3D Perception Framework for Visual Commonsense Reasoning30 Jan 2023
- 2023Vision-Language Pre-training with Object Contrastive Learning for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 25
- 2025SpaCE-10: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models in Compositional Spatial Intelligencecited by 22
- 2026SeGPruner: Semantic-Geometric Visual Token Pruner for 3D Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2025NeuroVoxel-LM: Language-Aligned 3D Perception via Dynamic Voxelization and Meta-Embeddingcited by 1
- 2026SeGPruner: Semantic-Geometric Visual Token Pruner for 3D Question Answering31 Mar 2026
- 2025NeuroVoxel-LM: Language-Aligned 3D Perception via Dynamic Voxelization and Meta-Embedding27 Jul 2025
- 2025SpaCE-10: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models in Compositional Spatial Intelligence9 Jun 2025
- 2023Vision-Language Pre-training with Object Contrastive Learning for 3D Scene Understanding18 May 2023
- 2023NuScenes-QA: A Multi-modal Visual Question Answering Benchmark for Autonomous Driving Scenariocited by 258
- 20233D-VisTA: Pre-trained Transformer for 3D Vision and Text Alignmentcited by 201
- 2024Unifying 3D Vision-Language Understanding via Promptable Queriescited by 70
- 2025Move to Understand a 3D Scene: Bridging Visual Grounding and Exploration for Efficient and Versatile Embodied Navigationcited by 50
- 2023Single-view 3D Scene Reconstruction with High-fidelity Shape and Texturecited by 37
- 2024Bridging the Gap between 2D and 3D Visual Question Answering: A Fusion Approach for 3D VQAcited by 21
- 2023CityRefer: Geography-aware 3D Visual Grounding Dataset on City-scale Point Cloud Datacited by 15
- 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answeringcited by 11
- 20243D Question Answering for City Scene Understandingcited by 10
- 2024Task-oriented Sequential Grounding and Navigation in 3D Scenescited by 9
- 2024PerLA: Perceptive 3D Language Assistantcited by 8
- 2024SHMamba: Structured Hyperbolic State Space Model for Audio-Visual Question Answeringcited by 7
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026From Alignment to Fusion in 3D Vision-Language23 Sep 2026
- 2026Explanation-Guided Adversarial Training for Robust and Interpretable Models2 Mar 2026
- 2025D3D-VLP: Dynamic 3D Vision-Language-Planning Model for Embodied Grounding and Navigation14 Dec 2025
- 2025Edge-Centric Relational Reasoning for 3D Scene Graph Prediction19 Nov 2025
- 2025Argus: Leveraging Multiview Images for Improved 3-D Scene Understanding With Large Language Models17 Jul 2025
- 2025Move to Understand a 3D Scene: Bridging Visual Grounding and Exploration for Efficient and Versatile Embodied Navigation5 Jul 2025
- 2025From Objects to Anywhere: A Holistic Benchmark for Multi-level Visual Grounding in 3D Scenes5 Jun 2025
- 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answering1 Feb 2025
- 2024PerLA: Perceptive 3D Language Assistant29 Nov 2024
- 2024Task-oriented Sequential Grounding and Navigation in 3D Scenes7 Aug 2024
- 20243D Question Answering for City Scene Understanding24 Jul 2024
- 2024SHMamba: Structured Hyperbolic State Space Model for Audio-Visual Question Answering14 Jun 2024
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)