Dense Object Grounding in 3D Scenes
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Abstract (arXiv)
Localizing objects in 3D scenes according to the semantics of a given natural language is a fundamental yet important task in the field of multimedia understanding, which benefits various real-world applications such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the majority of existing 3D object grounding methods are restricted to a single-sentence input describing an individual object, which cannot comprehend and reason more contextualized descriptions of multiple objects in more practical 3D cases. To this end, we introduce a new challenging task, called 3D Dense Object Grounding (3D DOG), to jointly localize multiple objects described in a more complicated paragraph rather than a single sentence. Instead of naively localizing each sentence-guided object independently, we found that dense objects described in the same paragraph are often semantically related and spatially located in a focused region of the 3D scene. To explore such semantic and spatial relationships of densely referred objects for more accurate localization, we propose a novel Stacked Transformer based framework for 3D DOG, named 3DOGSFormer. Specifically, we first devise a contextual query-driven local transformer decoder to generate initial grounding proposals for each target object. Then, we employ a proposal-guided global transformer decoder that exploits the local object features to learn their correlation for further refining initial grounding proposals. Extensive experiments on three challenging benchmarks (Nr3D, Sr3D, and ScanRefer) show that our proposed 3DOGSFormer outperforms state-of-the-art 3D single-object grounding methods and their dense-object variants by significant margins.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 53 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2023.
Builds on
53 of 62 references.
References · 53
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- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
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- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,422
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
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38 more
- 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
- 2020Sparse R-CNN: End-to-End Object Detection with Learnable Proposalscited by 495
- 2019ScanRefer: 3D Object Localization in RGB-D Scans using Natural Languagecited by 452
- 2019Meshed-Memory Transformer for Image Captioningcited by 343
- 2019REVERIE: Remote Embodied Visual Referring Expression in Real Indoor Environmentscited by 333
- 2021An End-to-End Transformer Model for 3D Object Detectioncited by 329
- 2020PointGroup: Dual-Set Point Grouping for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 321
- 2016Hierarchical Question-Image Co-Attention for Visual Question Answeringcited by 278
- 2018Touchdown: Natural Language Navigation and Spatial Reasoning in Visual Street Environmentscited by 239
- 2020Scan2Cap: Context-aware Dense Captioning in RGB-D Scanscited by 218
- 2021Group-Free 3D Object Detection via Transformerscited by 215
- 2022SoftGroup for 3D Instance Segmentation on Point Cloudscited by 200
- 2021InstanceRefer: Cooperative Holistic Understanding for Visual Grounding on Point Clouds through Instance Multi-level Contextual Referringcited by 141
- 2022Multi-View Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 140
- 2021Bottom Up Top Down Detection Transformers for Language Grounding in Images and Point Cloudscited by 128
- 2021Hierarchical Aggregation for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 127
- 2021SAT: 2D Semantics Assisted Training for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 124
- 2022Language Conditioned Spatial Relation Reasoning for 3D Object Groundingcited by 122
- 2022Superpoint Transformer for 3D Scene Instance Segmentationcited by 116
- 20223D-SPS: Single-Stage 3D Visual Grounding via Referred Point Progressive Selectioncited by 110
- 2021Context-aware Biaffine Localizing Network for Temporal Sentence Groundingcited by 107
- 2022TubeDETR: Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding with Transformerscited by 98
- 2021LanguageRefer: Spatial-Language Model for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 89
- 2021TransRefer3D: Entity-and-Relation Aware Transformer for Fine-Grained 3D Visual Groundingcited by 86
- 2021Free-form Description Guided 3D Visual Graph Network for Object Grounding in Point Cloudcited by 81
- 2020Referring Expression Comprehension: A Survey of Methods and Datasetscited by 79
- 2023End-to-End 3D Dense Captioning with Vote2Cap-DETRcited by 78
- 2020Jointly Cross- and Self-Modal Graph Attention Network for Query-Based Moment Localizationcited by 74
- 2019CLEVR-Ref+: Diagnosing Visual Reasoning with Referring Expressionscited by 73
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- 2022UniT3D: A Unified Transformer for 3D Dense Captioning and Visual Groundingcited by 69
- 2020Cops-Ref: A new Dataset and Task on Compositional Referring Expression Comprehensioncited by 50
- 2022MORE: Multi-Order RElation Mining for Dense Captioning in 3D Scenescited by 46
- 2022Look Around and Refer: 2D Synthetic Semantics Knowledge Distillation for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 41
- 2022Spatiality-guided Transformer for 3D Dense Captioning on Point Cloudscited by 40
- 2021Refer-it-in-RGBD: A Bottom-up Approach for 3D Visual Grounding in RGBD Imagescited by 33
- 2022ScanEnts3D: Exploiting Phrase-to-3D-Object Correspondences for Improved Visio-Linguistic Models in 3D Scenescited by 32
- 2022ConQueR: Query Contrast Voxel-DETR for 3D Object Detectioncited by 21
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- 2024When LLMs step into the 3D World: A Survey and Meta-Analysis of 3D Tasks via Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 43
- 20243D-GRAND: A Million-Scale Dataset for 3D-LLMs with Better Grounding and Less Hallucinationcited by 36
- 2024A Survey on Text-guided 3D Visual Grounding: Elements, Recent Advances, and Future Directionscited by 25
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
- 20243D-GRES: Generalized 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 18
- 2025SURPRISE3D: A Dataset for Spatial Understanding and Reasoning in Complex 3D Scenescited by 11
- 2024BIP3D: Bridging 2D Images and 3D Perception for Embodied Intelligencecited by 10
- 2025CMMLoc: Advancing Text-to-PointCloud Localization with Cauchy-Mixture-Model Based Frameworkcited by 8
- 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 3
- 20253DResT: A Strong Baseline for Semi-Supervised 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025Fast3D: Accelerating 3D Multi-modal Large Language Models for Efficient 3D Scene Understandingcited by 2
- 2025TriCLIP-3D: A Unified Parameter-Efficient Framework for Tri-Modal 3D Visual Grounding based on CLIPcited by 2
- 2026Efficient3D: A Unified Framework for Adaptive and Debiased Token Reduction in 3D MLLMs3 Apr 2026
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Survey1 Aug 2025
- 2025TriCLIP-3D: A Unified Parameter-Efficient Framework for Tri-Modal 3D Visual Grounding based on CLIP20 Jul 2025
- 2025Fast3D: Accelerating 3D Multi-modal Large Language Models for Efficient 3D Scene Understanding12 Jul 2025
- 2025SURPRISE3D: A Dataset for Spatial Understanding and Reasoning in Complex 3D Scenes10 Jul 2025
- 20253DResT: A Strong Baseline for Semi-Supervised 3D Referring Expression Segmentation17 Apr 2025
- 2025CMMLoc: Advancing Text-to-PointCloud Localization with Cauchy-Mixture-Model Based Framework4 Mar 2025
- 2024Hard-Label Black-Box Attacks on 3D Point Clouds30 Nov 2024
- 2024BIP3D: Bridging 2D Images and 3D Perception for Embodied Intelligence22 Nov 2024
- 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Grounding21 Oct 2024
- 20243D-GRES: Generalized 3D Referring Expression Segmentation30 Jul 2024
- 2024A Survey on Text-guided 3D Visual Grounding: Elements, Recent Advances, and Future Directions9 Jun 2024
3 more
- 20243D-GRAND: A Million-Scale Dataset for 3D-LLMs with Better Grounding and Less Hallucination7 Jun 2024
- 2024When LLMs step into the 3D World: A Survey and Meta-Analysis of 3D Tasks via Multi-modal Large Language Models16 May 2024
- 2023Context-Aware Indoor Point Cloud Object Generation through User Instructions26 Nov 2023
- 20243D-GRAND: A Million-Scale Dataset for 3D-LLMs with Better Grounding and Less Hallucinationcited by 36
- 2024A Survey on Text-guided 3D Visual Grounding: Elements, Recent Advances, and Future Directionscited by 25
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Surveycited by 22
- 20243D-GRES: Generalized 3D Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 18
- 2024BIP3D: Bridging 2D Images and 3D Perception for Embodied Intelligencecited by 10
- 2025CMMLoc: Advancing Text-to-PointCloud Localization with Cauchy-Mixture-Model Based Frameworkcited by 8
- 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 3
- 2025TriCLIP-3D: A Unified Parameter-Efficient Framework for Tri-Modal 3D Visual Grounding based on CLIPcited by 2
- 2023Context-Aware Indoor Point Cloud Object Generation through User Instructionscited by 0
- 2024Hard-Label Black-Box Attacks on 3D Point Cloudscited by 0
- 2025Multimodal Referring Segmentation: A Survey1 Aug 2025
- 2025TriCLIP-3D: A Unified Parameter-Efficient Framework for Tri-Modal 3D Visual Grounding based on CLIP20 Jul 2025
- 2025CMMLoc: Advancing Text-to-PointCloud Localization with Cauchy-Mixture-Model Based Framework4 Mar 2025
- 2024Hard-Label Black-Box Attacks on 3D Point Clouds30 Nov 2024
- 2024BIP3D: Bridging 2D Images and 3D Perception for Embodied Intelligence22 Nov 2024
- 2024Joint Top-Down and Bottom-Up Frameworks for 3D Visual Grounding21 Oct 2024
- 20243D-GRES: Generalized 3D Referring Expression Segmentation30 Jul 2024
- 2024A Survey on Text-guided 3D Visual Grounding: Elements, Recent Advances, and Future Directions9 Jun 2024
- 20243D-GRAND: A Million-Scale Dataset for 3D-LLMs with Better Grounding and Less Hallucination7 Jun 2024
- 2023Context-Aware Indoor Point Cloud Object Generation through User Instructions26 Nov 2023