mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CoT3DRef: Chain-of-Thoughts Data-Efficient 3D Visual Grounding

arXiv 2310.06214 ↗First posted 10 Oct 2023cs.CVcited by 13

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

3D visual grounding is the ability to localize objects in 3D scenes conditioned by utterances. Most existing methods devote the referring head to localize the referred object directly, causing failure in complex scenarios. In addition, it does not illustrate how and why the network reaches the final decision. In this paper, we address this question Can we design an interpretable 3D visual grounding framework that has the potential to mimic the human perception system?. To this end, we formulate the 3D visual grounding problem as a sequence-to-sequence Seq2Seq task by first predicting a chain of anchors and then the final target. Interpretability not only improves the overall performance but also helps us identify failure cases. Following the chain of thoughts approach enables us to decompose the referring task into interpretable intermediate steps, boosting the performance and making our framework extremely data-efficient. Moreover, our proposed framework can be easily integrated into any existing architecture. We validate our approach through comprehensive experiments on the Nr3D, Sr3D, and Scanrefer benchmarks and show consistent performance gains compared to existing methods without requiring manually annotated data. Furthermore, our proposed framework, dubbed CoT3DRef, is significantly data-efficient, whereas on the Sr3D dataset, when trained only on 10% of the data, we match the SOTA performance that trained on the entire data. The code is available at https:eslambakr.github.io/cot3dref.github.io/.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 49 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Oct 2023.

Builds on

49 of 72 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Chain-of-Thought Predictive Control3 Apr
  2. 2022Chain of Thought Imitation with Procedure Cloning22 May

Other references · 47

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
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  8. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
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  11. 2015Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classificationcited by 3,611
  12. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
35 more
  1. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
  2. 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,223
  3. 2021MDETR -- Modulated Detection for End-to-End Multi-Modal Understandingcited by 819
  4. 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 752
  5. 2017Scene Graph Generation by Iterative Message Passingcited by 462
  6. 2019ScanRefer: 3D Object Localization in RGB-D Scans using Natural Languagecited by 452
  7. 2018VirtualHome: Simulating Household Activities via Programscited by 415
  8. 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 388
  9. 2018Image Generation from Scene Graphscited by 324
  10. 2018Graph R-CNN for Scene Graph Generationcited by 298
  11. 2023Faithful Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 288
  12. 2021TransVG: End-to-End Visual Grounding with Transformerscited by 271
  13. 2017Scene Graph Generation from Objects, Phrases and Region Captionscited by 154
  14. 2021InstanceRefer: Cooperative Holistic Understanding for Visual Grounding on Point Clouds through Instance Multi-level Contextual Referringcited by 141
  15. 2022Multi-View Transformer for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 140
  16. 2021Bottom Up Top Down Detection Transformers for Language Grounding in Images and Point Cloudscited by 128
  17. 2022Text and Patterns: For Effective Chain of Thought, It Takes Two to Tangocited by 128
  18. 2021SAT: 2D Semantics Assisted Training for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 124
  19. 2022Language Conditioned Spatial Relation Reasoning for 3D Object Groundingcited by 122
  20. 20223D-SPS: Single-Stage 3D Visual Grounding via Referred Point Progressive Selectioncited by 110
  21. 2020Deep Learning for Image and Point Cloud Fusion in Autonomous Driving: A Reviewcited by 108
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  23. 2019Embodied Question Answering in Photorealistic Environments with Point Cloud Perceptioncited by 103
  24. 2017Detecting Visual Relationships with Deep Relational Networkscited by 97
  25. 2021LanguageRefer: Spatial-Language Model for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 89
  26. 2021TransRefer3D: Entity-and-Relation Aware Transformer for Fine-Grained 3D Visual Groundingcited by 86
  27. 2021Free-form Description Guided 3D Visual Graph Network for Object Grounding in Point Cloudcited by 81
  28. 2018Vision-based Navigation with Language-based Assistance via Imitation Learning with Indirect Interventioncited by 77
  29. 2023NS3D: Neuro-Symbolic Grounding of 3D Objects and Relationscited by 57
  30. 2022Look Around and Refer: 2D Synthetic Semantics Knowledge Distillation for 3D Visual Groundingcited by 41
  31. 2022ScanEnts3D: Exploiting Phrase-to-3D-Object Correspondences for Improved Visio-Linguistic Models in 3D Scenescited by 32
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2025OpenGround: Planning-based Online Perception for Open-World 3D Visual Grounding
  2. 2025From Objects to Anywhere: A Holistic Benchmark for Multi-level Visual Grounding in 3D Scenes
  3. 2026Grounded 3D-Aware Spatial Vision-Language Modeling
  4. 2025Zero-Shot 3D Visual Grounding from Vision-Language Models
  5. 2026UniGround: Universal 3D Visual Grounding via Training-Free Scene Parsing
  6. 2026Reasoning Matters for 3D Visual Grounding
  7. 2025View-on-Graph: Zero-shot 3D Visual Grounding via Vision-Language Reasoning on Scene Graphs
  8. 2025SceneCOT: Eliciting Grounded Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in 3D Scenes