Teacher algorithms for curriculum learning of Deep RL in continuously parameterized environments
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Abstract (arXiv)
We consider the problem of how a teacher algorithm can enable an unknown Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) student to become good at a skill over a wide range of diverse environments. To do so, we study how a teacher algorithm can learn to generate a learning curriculum, whereby it sequentially samples parameters controlling a stochastic procedural generation of environments. Because it does not initially know the capacities of its student, a key challenge for the teacher is to discover which environments are easy, difficult or unlearnable, and in what order to propose them to maximize the efficiency of learning over the learnable ones. To achieve this, this problem is transformed into a surrogate continuous bandit problem where the teacher samples environments in order to maximize absolute learning progress of its student. We present a new algorithm modeling absolute learning progress with Gaussian mixture models (ALP-GMM). We also adapt existing algorithms and provide a complete study in the context of DRL. Using parameterized variants of the BipedalWalker environment, we study their efficiency to personalize a learning curriculum for different learners (embodiments), their robustness to the ratio of learnable/unlearnable environments, and their scalability to non-linear and high-dimensional parameter spaces. Videos and code are available at https://github.com/flowersteam/teachDeepRL.
Key facts. Cited by 113 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 15; 2022: 29; 2023: 24; 2024: 11; 2025: 14; 2026: 20.
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- 2021Curriculum Learning: A Surveycited by 257
- 2021Open-Ended Learning Leads to Generally Capable Agentscited by 177
- 2022Evolving Curricula with Regret-Based Environment Designcited by 166
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- 2022Exploration via Elliptical Episodic Bonusescited by 51
- 2022Improving Intrinsic Exploration with Language Abstractionscited by 49
- 2024Let's Learn Step by Step: Enhancing In-Context Learning Ability with Curriculum Learningcited by 47
- 2025DUMP: Automated Distribution-Level Curriculum Learning for RL-based LLM Post-trainingcited by 45
- 2021Learning Controllable Content Generatorscited by 40
38 more
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- 2023MAESTRO: Open-Ended Environment Design for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
- 2024No Regrets: Investigating and Improving Regret Approximations for Curriculum Discoverycited by 29
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- 2021Solving Compositional Reinforcement Learning Problems via Task Reductioncited by 19
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- 2023Generalization through Diversity: Improving Unsupervised Environment Designcited by 9
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- 2023Visual-Policy Learning through Multi-Camera View to Single-Camera View Knowledge Distillation for Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 7
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50 most cited of 113 All 113 (JSON)
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38 more
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- 2025TEACH: Temporal Variance-Driven Curriculum for Reinforcement Learning28 Dec 2025
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- 2025Causal-Paced Deep Reinforcement Learning24 Jun 2025
- 2025MEAL: A Benchmark for Continual Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning17 Jun 2025
- 2025Improving Data Efficiency for LLM Reinforcement Fine-tuning Through Difficulty-targeted Online Data Selection and Rollout Replay5 Jun 2025
- 2025DUMP: Automated Distribution-Level Curriculum Learning for RL-based LLM Post-training13 Apr 2025
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- 2025AcL: Action Learner for Fault-Tolerant Quadruped Locomotion Control27 Mar 2025
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- 2025Autonomous Curriculum Design via Relative Entropy Based Task Modifications28 Feb 2025
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- 2025MAGELLAN: Metacognitive predictions of learning progress guide autotelic LLM agents in large goal spaces11 Feb 2025
- 2025Improving Environment Novelty Quantification for Effective Unsupervised Environment Design8 Feb 2025
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- 2024Enhancing Spatio-temporal Quantile Forecasting with Curriculum Learning: Lessons Learned18 Jun 2024
- 2024Proximal Curriculum with Task Correlations for Deep Reinforcement Learning3 May 2024
- 2024Rethinking Teacher-Student Curriculum Learning through the Cooperative Mechanics of Experience3 Apr 2024
- 2024Sample Efficient Myopic Exploration Through Multitask Reinforcement Learning with Diverse Tasks3 Mar 2024
- 2024FLD: Fourier Latent Dynamics for Structured Motion Representation and Learning21 Feb 2024
- 2024Refining Minimax Regret for Unsupervised Environment Design19 Feb 2024
- 2024Let's Learn Step by Step: Enhancing In-Context Learning Ability with Curriculum Learning16 Feb 2024
- 2024Knowledge-Centric Metacognitive Learning8 Feb 2024
- 2023Learning Curricula in Open-Ended Worlds3 Dec 2023
- 2023minimax: Efficient Baselines for Autocurricula in JAX21 Nov 2023
- 2023Diversify & Conquer: Outcome-directed Curriculum RL via Out-of-Distribution Disagreement30 Oct 2023
- 2023CQM: Curriculum Reinforcement Learning with a Quantized World Model26 Oct 2023
- 2023Cross-Episodic Curriculum for Transformer Agents12 Oct 2023
50 newest of 113 All 113 (JSON)
- 2025Training a Generally Curious Agentcited by 29
- 2025MAGELLAN: Metacognitive predictions of learning progress guide autotelic LLM agents in large goal spacescited by 7
- 2025cMALC-D: Contextual Multi-Agent LLM-Guided Curriculum Learning with Diversity-Based Context Blendingcited by 2
- 2026Co-Evolution in Agentic Systems: Toward Self-Directed Evolution Beyond Human Designcited by 1
- 2026DeliveryGym: An RL Environment for Long-Horizon Embodied Agent Planning with Adaptive Curriculumcited by 1
- 2026ActiveSaddler: Automated Curriculum Learning for Agent Harness Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026ActiveSaddler: Automated Curriculum Learning for Agent Harness Optimization1 Oct 2026
- 2026DeliveryGym: An RL Environment for Long-Horizon Embodied Agent Planning with Adaptive Curriculum17 Sep 2026
- 2026Co-Evolution in Agentic Systems: Toward Self-Directed Evolution Beyond Human Design10 Aug 2026
- 2025cMALC-D: Contextual Multi-Agent LLM-Guided Curriculum Learning with Diversity-Based Context Blending28 Aug 2025
- 2025Training a Generally Curious Agent24 Feb 2025
- 2025MAGELLAN: Metacognitive predictions of learning progress guide autotelic LLM agents in large goal spaces11 Feb 2025
- 2025Efficient Reinforcement Finetuning via Adaptive Curriculum Learningcited by 88
- 2025Improving Data Efficiency for LLM Reinforcement Fine-tuning Through Difficulty-targeted Online Data Selection and Rollout Replaycited by 52
- 2025DUMP: Automated Distribution-Level Curriculum Learning for RL-based LLM Post-trainingcited by 45
- 2026Wiki-R1: Incentivizing Multimodal Reasoning for Knowledge-based VQA via Data and Sampling Curriculumcited by 2
- 2026Wiki-R1: Incentivizing Multimodal Reasoning for Knowledge-based VQA via Data and Sampling Curriculum5 Mar 2026
- 2025Improving Data Efficiency for LLM Reinforcement Fine-tuning Through Difficulty-targeted Online Data Selection and Rollout Replay5 Jun 2025
- 2025DUMP: Automated Distribution-Level Curriculum Learning for RL-based LLM Post-training13 Apr 2025
- 2025Efficient Reinforcement Finetuning via Adaptive Curriculum Learning7 Apr 2025
- 2023Reward-Free Curricula for Training Robust World Modelscited by 13
- 2023CQM: Curriculum Reinforcement Learning with a Quantized World Modelcited by 11
- 2025Imagined Autocurriculacited by 4
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- 2023Reward-Free Curricula for Training Robust World Models15 Jun 2023
- 2021Curriculum Learning: A Surveycited by 257
- 2021Open-Ended Learning Leads to Generally Capable Agentscited by 177
- 2022Evolving Curricula with Regret-Based Environment Designcited by 166
- 2023Human-Timescale Adaptation in an Open-Ended Task Spacecited by 136
- 2023OMNI: Open-endedness via Models of human Notions of Interestingnesscited by 66
- 2022Exploration via Elliptical Episodic Bonusescited by 51
- 2022Improving Intrinsic Exploration with Language Abstractionscited by 49
- 2024Let's Learn Step by Step: Enhancing In-Context Learning Ability with Curriculum Learningcited by 47
- 2021Learning Controllable Content Generatorscited by 40
- 2021Adversarial Reinforcement Learning for Procedural Content Generationcited by 36
- 2021Multi-task curriculum learning in a complex, visual, hard-exploration domain: Minecraftcited by 34
- 2022Environment Generation for Zero-Shot Compositional Reinforcement Learningcited by 32
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- 2026REVO: Rollout-Efficient Off-Policy Distillation via Variance-Guided Reuse28 Sep 2026
- 2026Active Curriculum Refinement for Reinforcement Learning26 Aug 2026
- 2026Dynamic Context Scheduling: Learning Beyond the Static Universe21 Aug 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Level Automatic Curriculum Learning for Legged Locomotion on Unstructured Terrain17 Aug 2026
- 2026Curriculum Generation under Structured Parametric Environments for Robust Navigation Policies9 Aug 2026
- 2026SCOUT: Per-Context Reset Curricula for Sparse-Reward Reinforcement Learning29 Jul 2026
- 2026Curriculum reinforcement learning with measurable task representation learning22 May 2026
- 2026Distributionally Robust Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Task Sampling14 May 2026
- 2026Learning to Play Blackjack: A Curriculum Learning Perspective31 Mar 2026
- 2026Self Paced Gaussian Contextual Reinforcement Learning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Learning to Order: Task Sequencing as In-Context Optimization15 Mar 2026
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