Contrastive Gaussian Clustering: Weakly Supervised 3D Scene Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Contrastive Gaussian Clustering, a novel approach capable of provide segmentation masks from any viewpoint and of enabling 3D segmentation of the scene. Recent works in novel-view synthesis have shown how to model the appearance of a scene via a cloud of 3D Gaussians, and how to generate accurate images from a given viewpoint by projecting on it the Gaussians before α blending their color. Following this example, we train a model to include also a segmentation feature vector for each Gaussian. These can then be used for 3D scene segmentation, by clustering Gaussians according to their feature vectors; and to generate 2D segmentation masks, by projecting the Gaussians on a plane and α blending over their segmentation features. Using a combination of contrastive learning and spatial regularization, our method can be trained on inconsistent 2D segmentation masks, and still learn to generate segmentation masks consistent across all views. Moreover, the resulting model is extremely accurate, improving the IoU accuracy of the predicted masks by +8% over the state of the art. Code and trained models will be released soon.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2024.
Builds on
35 of 39 references.
References · 35
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23 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 12; 2026: 2.
22 papers.
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- 2024EmbodiedOcc: Embodied 3D Occupancy Prediction for Vision-based Online Scene Understandingcited by 43
- 2024SuperGSeg: Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation with Structured Super-Gaussianscited by 30
- 2024GaussianCut: Interactive segmentation via graph cut for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 25
- 2025Lifting by Gaussians: A Simple, Fast and Flexible Method for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 23
- 2025OpenSplat3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation using Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
- 2025Trace3D: Consistent Segmentation Lifting via Gaussian Instance Tracingcited by 13
- 2024Semantics-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scene Reconstruction and Rendering in Virtual Realitycited by 10
- 2024TRASE: Tracking-free 4D Segmentation and Editingcited by 8
- 2025COS3D: Collaborative Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentationcited by 8
- 2025Pointmap Association and Piecewise-Plane Constraint for Consistent and Compact 3D Gaussian Segmentation Fieldcited by 6
- 2024RT-GS2: Real-Time Generalizable Semantic Segmentation for 3D Gaussian Representations of Radiance Fieldscited by 5
10 more
- 2024Bootstraping Clustering of Gaussians for View-consistent 3D Scene Understandingcited by 4
- 2025Hi-LSplat: Hierarchical 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
- 2024Gaussian Heritage: 3D Digitization of Cultural Heritage with Integrated Object Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025SplatFill: 3D Scene Inpainting via Depth-Guided Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2025ROODI: Reconstructing Occluded Objects with Denoising Inpainterscited by 1
- 2025DreamGrasp: Zero-Shot 3D Multi-Object Reconstruction from Partial-View Images for Robotic Manipulationcited by 1
- 2025CoRe-GS: Coarse-to-Refined Gaussian Splatting with Semantic Object Focuscited by 1
- 2025Efficient multi-view training for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Direct Object-Level Reconstruction via Probabilistic Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Inst4DGS: Instance-Decomposed 4D Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Video Label Permutation Learningcited by 0
- 2026Inst4DGS: Instance-Decomposed 4D Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Video Label Permutation Learning19 Mar 2026
- 2026Direct Object-Level Reconstruction via Probabilistic Gaussian Splatting15 Mar 2026
- 2025COS3D: Collaborative Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation23 Oct 2025
- 2025SplatFill: 3D Scene Inpainting via Depth-Guided Gaussian Splatting9 Sep 2025
- 2025CoRe-GS: Coarse-to-Refined Gaussian Splatting with Semantic Object Focus5 Sep 2025
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Trace3D: Consistent Segmentation Lifting via Gaussian Instance Tracing5 Aug 2025
- 2025DreamGrasp: Zero-Shot 3D Multi-Object Reconstruction from Partial-View Images for Robotic Manipulation8 Jul 2025
- 2025Efficient multi-view training for 3D Gaussian Splatting15 Jun 2025
- 2025OpenSplat3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation using Gaussian Splatting9 Jun 2025
- 2025Hi-LSplat: Hierarchical 3D Language Gaussian Splatting7 Jun 2025
- 2025ROODI: Reconstructing Occluded Objects with Denoising Inpainters13 Mar 2025
10 more
- 2025Pointmap Association and Piecewise-Plane Constraint for Consistent and Compact 3D Gaussian Segmentation Field22 Feb 2025
- 2025Lifting by Gaussians: A Simple, Fast and Flexible Method for 3D Instance Segmentation31 Jan 2025
- 2024SuperGSeg: Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation with Structured Super-Gaussians13 Dec 2024
- 2024EmbodiedOcc: Embodied 3D Occupancy Prediction for Vision-based Online Scene Understanding5 Dec 2024
- 2024Bootstraping Clustering of Gaussians for View-consistent 3D Scene Understanding29 Nov 2024
- 2024TRASE: Tracking-free 4D Segmentation and Editing28 Nov 2024
- 2024GaussianCut: Interactive segmentation via graph cut for 3D Gaussian Splatting12 Nov 2024
- 2024Gaussian Heritage: 3D Digitization of Cultural Heritage with Integrated Object Segmentation27 Sep 2024
- 2024Semantics-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scene Reconstruction and Rendering in Virtual Reality24 Sep 2024
- 2024RT-GS2: Real-Time Generalizable Semantic Segmentation for 3D Gaussian Representations of Radiance Fields28 May 2024
- 2024EmbodiedOcc: Embodied 3D Occupancy Prediction for Vision-based Online Scene Understandingcited by 43
- 2024SuperGSeg: Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation with Structured Super-Gaussianscited by 30
- 2024GaussianCut: Interactive segmentation via graph cut for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 25
- 2025Lifting by Gaussians: A Simple, Fast and Flexible Method for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 23
- 2025OpenSplat3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation using Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
- 2025Trace3D: Consistent Segmentation Lifting via Gaussian Instance Tracingcited by 13
- 2024Semantics-Controlled Gaussian Splatting for Outdoor Scene Reconstruction and Rendering in Virtual Realitycited by 10
- 2024TRASE: Tracking-free 4D Segmentation and Editingcited by 8
- 2025COS3D: Collaborative Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentationcited by 8
- 2025Pointmap Association and Piecewise-Plane Constraint for Consistent and Compact 3D Gaussian Segmentation Fieldcited by 6
- 2024RT-GS2: Real-Time Generalizable Semantic Segmentation for 3D Gaussian Representations of Radiance Fieldscited by 5
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026Inst4DGS: Instance-Decomposed 4D Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Video Label Permutation Learning19 Mar 2026
- 2026Direct Object-Level Reconstruction via Probabilistic Gaussian Splatting15 Mar 2026
- 2025COS3D: Collaborative Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation23 Oct 2025
- 2025SplatFill: 3D Scene Inpainting via Depth-Guided Gaussian Splatting9 Sep 2025
- 2025CoRe-GS: Coarse-to-Refined Gaussian Splatting with Semantic Object Focus5 Sep 2025
- 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Trace3D: Consistent Segmentation Lifting via Gaussian Instance Tracing5 Aug 2025
- 2025DreamGrasp: Zero-Shot 3D Multi-Object Reconstruction from Partial-View Images for Robotic Manipulation8 Jul 2025
- 2025Efficient multi-view training for 3D Gaussian Splatting15 Jun 2025
- 2025OpenSplat3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation using Gaussian Splatting9 Jun 2025
- 2025Hi-LSplat: Hierarchical 3D Language Gaussian Splatting7 Jun 2025
- 2025ROODI: Reconstructing Occluded Objects with Denoising Inpainters13 Mar 2025
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)