mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

OpenSplat3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation using Gaussian Splatting

arXiv 2506.07697 ↗First posted 9 Jun 2025cs.CVcited by 20

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Abstract (arXiv)

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful representation for neural scene reconstruction, offering high-quality novel view synthesis while maintaining computational efficiency. In this paper, we extend the capabilities of 3DGS beyond pure scene representation by introducing an approach for open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation without requiring manual labeling, termed OpenSplat3D. Our method leverages feature-splatting techniques to associate semantic information with individual Gaussians, enabling fine-grained scene understanding. We incorporate Segment Anything Model instance masks with a contrastive loss formulation as guidance for the instance features to achieve accurate instance-level segmentation. Furthermore, we utilize language embeddings of a vision-language model, allowing for flexible, text-driven instance identification. This combination enables our system to identify and segment arbitrary objects in 3D scenes based on natural language descriptions. We show results on LERF-mask and LERF-OVS as well as the full ScanNet++ validation set, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2025.

Builds on

30 of 35 references.

References · 30

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
  3. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
  4. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,968
  5. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
  6. 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
  7. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  8. 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
  9. 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 764
  10. 2022OpenScene: 3D Scene Understanding with Open Vocabulariescited by 559
  11. 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 543
  12. 2023LangSplat: 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 415
18 more
  1. 2023Gaussian Grouping: Segment and Edit Anything in 3D Scenescited by 393
  2. 2022Mask3D: Mask Transformer for 3D Semantic Instance Segmentationcited by 303
  3. 2023OpenMask3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 289
  4. 2023Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 208
  5. 2020OccuSeg: Occupancy-aware 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 177
  6. 2023SAM3D: Segment Anything in 3D Scenescited by 157
  7. 2024OpenGaussian: Towards Point-Level 3D Gaussian-based Open Vocabulary Understandingcited by 145
  8. 2023Open3DIS: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation with 2D Mask Guidancecited by 124
  9. 2022Superpoint Transformer for 3D Scene Instance Segmentationcited by 116
  10. 2023OneFormer3D: One Transformer for Unified Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 95
  11. 2020Machine Learning in Python: Main developments and technology trends in data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligencecited by 82
  12. 2024OpenNeRF: Open Set 3D Neural Scene Segmentation with Pixel-Wise Features and Rendered Novel Viewscited by 69
  13. 2023Segment3D: Learning Fine-Grained Class-Agnostic 3D Segmentation without Manual Labelscited by 64
  14. 2024Click-Gaussian: Interactive Segmentation to Any 3D Gaussianscited by 58
  15. 2024EgoLifter: Open-world 3D Segmentation for Egocentric Perceptioncited by 47
  16. 2023Top-Down Beats Bottom-Up in 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 31
  17. 2024Contrastive Gaussian Clustering: Weakly Supervised 3D Scene Segmentationcited by 22
  18. 2024SGIFormer: Semantic-guided and Geometric-enhanced Interleaving Transformer for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 17.

20 papers.

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  1. 2025A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splatting Applications: Segmentation, Editing, and Generationcited by 19
  2. 2025Visibility-Aware Language Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
  3. 2026OpenVoxel: Training-Free Grouping and Captioning Voxels for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 5
  4. 20263AM: 3egment Anything with Geometric Consistency in Videoscited by 4
  5. 2026OVI-MAP:Open-Vocabulary Instance-Semantic Mappingcited by 4
  6. 2026ProFuse: Efficient Cross-View Context Fusion for Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
  7. 2026SpaCeFormer: Fast Proposal-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 2
  8. 2026Scene-Agnostic Object-Centric Representation Learning for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 1
  9. 2026Bridging 3D Gaussians and Semantic Occupancy for Comprehensive Open-Vocabulary Scene Understanding from Unposed Imagescited by 1
  10. 2025LISA-3D: Lifting Language-Image Segmentation to 3D via Multi-View Consistencycited by 0
  11. 2026Part-Level 3D Gaussian Vehicle Generation with Joint and Hinge Axis Estimationcited by 0
  12. 2026GS4City: Hierarchical Semantic Gaussian Splatting via City-Model Priorscited by 0
8 more
  1. 2026OP2GS: Object-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting with Dual-Opacity Primitivescited by 0
  2. 2026GeoSAM-3D: Geodesic Prompt Propagation for Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Segmentation from Monocular Videocited by 0
  3. 2026SAD-GS: Learning Reliable 3D Semantic Gaussian Fields via Dynamic Geo-Semantic Anchoringcited by 0
  4. 2026Scene2Sound: Auditory-Grounded Soundscape Generation for 3D Gaussian Worldscited by 0
  5. 2026Seed2GS: Camera-Free, Training-Free Object Extraction from 3D Gaussian Scenes via a Single Reference-View Groundingcited by 0
  6. 2026Beyond Similarity Matching: Structured Reasoning for Open-Vocabulary Referring Segmentation in 3DGScited by 0
  7. 2026PePESeg3D: Perception Prior Enhances Multi-Scale Segmentation for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  8. 2026DIGS: Distribution-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Training-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Open-Vocabulary and Referring Segmentation for 3D Gaussians Using 2D Detectors
  2. 2026ZeroSplat: Generalized Referring Segmentation in 3D Gaussian Splatting
  3. 2025Dr. Splat: Directly Referring 3D Gaussian Splatting via Direct Language Embedding Registration
  4. 2025SceneSplat: Gaussian Splatting-based Scene Understanding with Vision-Language Pretraining
  5. 2025ExtrinSplat: Decoupling Geometry and Semantics for Open-Vocabulary Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting
  6. 2024GAGS: Granularity-Aware Feature Distillation for Language Gaussian Splatting
  7. 2026GroupForward: Building Referable 3D Scenes via Instance-Grouped Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting
  8. 2024FMGS: Foundation Model Embedded 3D Gaussian Splatting for Holistic 3D Scene Understanding