SAI3D: Segment Any Instance in 3D Scenes
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Abstract (arXiv)
Advancements in 3D instance segmentation have traditionally been tethered to the availability of annotated datasets, limiting their application to a narrow spectrum of object categories. Recent efforts have sought to harness vision-language models like CLIP for open-set semantic reasoning, yet these methods struggle to distinguish between objects of the same categories and rely on specific prompts that are not universally applicable. In this paper, we introduce SAI3D, a novel zero-shot 3D instance segmentation approach that synergistically leverages geometric priors and semantic cues derived from Segment Anything Model (SAM). Our method partitions a 3D scene into geometric primitives, which are then progressively merged into 3D instance segmentations that are consistent with the multi-view SAM masks. Moreover, we design a hierarchical region-growing algorithm with a dynamic thresholding mechanism, which largely improves the robustness of finegrained 3D scene parsing.Empirical evaluations on ScanNet, Matterport3D and the more challenging ScanNet++ datasets demonstrate the superiority of our approach. Notably, SAI3D outperforms existing open-vocabulary baselines and even surpasses fully-supervised methods in class-agnostic segmentation on ScanNet++. Our project page is at https://yd-yin.github.io/SAI3D.
Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Dec 2023.
Builds on
43 of 56 references.
References · 43
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,248
- 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,401
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2018Dynamic Graph CNN for Learning on Point Cloudscited by 2,223
- 2017Matterport3D: Learning from RGB-D Data in Indoor Environmentscited by 1,376
- 20194D Spatio-Temporal ConvNets: Minkowski Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 1,208
- 2019KPConv: Flexible and Deformable Convolution for Point Cloudscited by 1,205
- 2021Open-vocabulary Object Detection via Vision and Language Knowledge Distillationcited by 906
- 2018PointCNN: Convolution On X-Transformed Pointscited by 764
- 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 764
- 20173D Semantic Segmentation with Submanifold Sparse Convolutional Networkscited by 748
31 more
- 2018PointConv: Deep Convolutional Networks on 3D Point Cloudscited by 657
- 2019RandLA-Net: Efficient Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 585
- 2022Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation with Mask-adapted CLIPcited by 565
- 2022OpenScene: 3D Scene Understanding with Open Vocabulariescited by 559
- 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 543
- 2021Scaling Open-Vocabulary Image Segmentation with Image-Level Labelscited by 473
- 2023Segment Anything in High Qualitycited by 376
- 2022Decomposing NeRF for Editing via Feature Field Distillationcited by 371
- 2022Mask3D: Mask Transformer for 3D Semantic Instance Segmentationcited by 303
- 2023OpenMask3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 289
- 2022Language-Grounded Indoor 3D Semantic Segmentation in the Wildcited by 246
- 20183D-SIS: 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation of RGB-D Scanscited by 217
- 2023Semantic-SAM: Segment and Recognize Anything at Any Granularitycited by 185
- 2020OccuSeg: Occupancy-aware 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 177
- 2017SGPN: Similarity Group Proposal Network for 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentationcited by 169
- 2023SAM3D: Segment Anything in 3D Scenescited by 157
- 2021Mix3D: Out-of-Context Data Augmentation for 3D Scenescited by 126
- 2022Superpoint Transformer for 3D Scene Instance Segmentationcited by 116
- 2017Accelerated Hierarchical Density Clusteringcited by 102
- 2020Virtual Multi-view Fusion for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 99
- 2021Instance Segmentation in 3D Scenes using Semantic Superpoint Tree Networkscited by 99
- 2023OpenIns3D: Snap and Lookup for 3D Open-vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 82
- 2023OVIR-3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Retrieval Without Training on 3D Datacited by 81
- 2023CLIP goes 3D: Leveraging Prompt Tuning for Language Grounded 3D Recognitioncited by 77
- 2022Fine-grained Image Captioning with CLIP Rewardcited by 69
- 2018Fully-Convolutional Point Networks for Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 44
- 2023GrowSP: Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Cloudscited by 34
- 2023Top-Down Beats Bottom-Up in 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 31
- 2023UnScene3D: Unsupervised 3D Instance Segmentation for Indoor Scenescited by 31
- 2023GridCLIP: One-Stage Object Detection by Grid-Level CLIP Representation Learningcited by 15
- 2022CLIP-Diffusion-LM: Apply Diffusion Model on Image Captioningcited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 22; 2025: 39; 2026: 29.
90 papers.
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- 2024SAMPart3D: Segment Any Part in 3D Objectscited by 97
- 2025PARTFIELD: Learning 3D Feature Fields for Part Segmentation and Beyondcited by 95
- 2024SeeGround: See and Ground for Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Groundingcited by 67
- 2024EmbodiedSAM: Online Segment Any 3D Thing in Real Timecited by 40
- 2024InstanceGaussian: Appearance-Semantic Joint Gaussian Representation for 3D Instance-Level Perceptioncited by 35
- 2024Beyond Bare Queries: Open-Vocabulary Object Grounding with 3D Scene Graphcited by 32
- 2025Mosaic3D: Foundation Dataset and Model for Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentationcited by 22
- 2024SAM2Point: Segment Any 3D as Videos in Zero-shot and Promptable Mannerscited by 18
- 2024Functionality understanding and segmentation in 3D scenescited by 17
- 2025PanoGS: Gaussian-based Panoptic Segmentation for 3D Open Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 16
- 2024Any3DIS: Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation by 2D Mask Trackingcited by 15
- 2025ROS-SAM: High-Quality Interactive Segmentation for Remote Sensing Moving Objectcited by 15
38 more
- 2024iSeg: Interactive 3D Segmentation via Interactive Attentioncited by 14
- 2025OnlineAnySeg: Online Zero-Shot 3D Segmentation by Visual Foundation Model Guided 2D Mask Mergingcited by 12
- 2025OpenGS-SLAM: Open-Set Dense Semantic SLAM with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Object-Level Scene Understandingcited by 12
- 2024The Bare Necessities: Designing Simple, Effective Open-Vocabulary Scene Graphscited by 11
- 2025InstaScene: Towards Complete 3D Instance Decomposition and Reconstruction from Cluttered Scenescited by 11
- 2025Training-Free Hierarchical Scene Understanding for Gaussian Splatting with Superpoint Graphscited by 10
- 2024PointSeg: A Training-Free Paradigm for 3D Scene Segmentation via Foundation Modelscited by 9
- 2025LogoSP: Local-global Grouping of Superpoints for Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Cloudscited by 8
- 2025Towards Scalable Spatial Intelligence via 2D-to-3D Data Liftingcited by 8
- 2025Details Matter for Indoor Open-vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 8
- 2024Open-Vocabulary SAM3D: Towards Training-free Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 7
- 2024Vocabulary-Free 3D Instance Segmentation with Vision and Language Assistantcited by 5
- 2024OpenScan: A Benchmark for Generalized Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 5
- 2025Leverage Cross-Attention for End-to-End Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Reconstructioncited by 5
- 2024TexPro: Text-guided PBR Texturing with Procedural Material Modelingcited by 4
- 2024Gradient-Weighted Feature Back-Projection: A Fast Alternative to Feature Distillation in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
- 2024DCSEG: Decoupled 3D Open-Set Segmentation using Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
- 2025Hi-LSplat: Hierarchical 3D Language Gaussian Splattingcited by 4
- 2025SegDINO3D: 3D Instance Segmentation Empowered by Both Image-Level and Object-Level 2D Featurescited by 4
- 2025OVSeg3R: Learn Open-vocabulary Instance Segmentation from 2D via 3D Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2025Online Segment Any 3D Thing as Instance Trackingcited by 4
- 2025MoonSeg3R: Monocular Online Zero-Shot Segment Anything in 3D with Reconstructive Foundation Priorscited by 4
- 20263AM: 3egment Anything with Geometric Consistency in Videoscited by 4
- 2026OVI-MAP:Open-Vocabulary Instance-Semantic Mappingcited by 4
- 2024OE3DIS: Open-Ended 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentationcited by 3
- 2024SA3DIP: Segment Any 3D Instance with Potential 3D Priorscited by 3
- 2025E-SAM: Training-Free Segment Every Entity Modelcited by 3
- 2025GrabS: Generative Embodied Agent for 3D Object Segmentation without Scene Supervisioncited by 3
- 2025ShelfGaussian: Shelf-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Gaussian-based 3D Scene Understandingcited by 3
- 2025OpenTrack3D: Towards Accurate and Generalizable Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 3
- 2026SegVGGT: Joint 3D Reconstruction and Instance Segmentation from Multi-View Imagescited by 3
- 2025Zero-Shot 3D Visual Grounding from Vision-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025FreeQ-Graph: Free-form Querying with Semantic Consistent Scene Graph for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 2
- 2025Remove360: Benchmarking Residuals After Object Removal in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
- 2025SGS-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Instance Segmentation via Reliable Semantic Mask Splitting and Growingcited by 2
- 2025Retrieving Objects from 3D Scenes with Box-Guided Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 2
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2026SpaCeFormer: Fast Proposal-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 2
50 most cited of 90 All 90 (JSON)
- 2026S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometry29 Sep 2026
- 2026GraphWrit3R: End-to-End 3D Scene Graph Writing25 Sep 2026
- 2026SAM-V: Geometry-Aware Segment Anything for Multi-View Instance Segmentation21 Sep 2026
- 2026ZVeC: A Zero-Shot Framework for Instance-Level Vehicle Extraction and Generative Point Cloud Completion21 Sep 2026
- 2026Bootstrapping a 4D LiDAR Annotation Tool from Video Foundation Models26 Aug 2026
- 2026GaussianDS: Depth-supervised Semantic Gaussian Splatting for Scene Understanding22 Aug 2026
- 2026Stream3Dv2: Geometric-Semantic Fusion Enhanced Streaming Zero-Shot 3D Scene Understanding21 Aug 2026
- 2026Scene-Q: Confidence-Aware Coarse-to-Fine Querying of 3D Scenes with Selective VLM Reasoning28 Jul 2026
- 2026CDIS: Cross-Dimensional Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation via 2D Mask Tracking and 3D-2D Projection Merging20 Jul 2026
- 2026Consistent Scene Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting via Multi-Cue Mask Refinement2 Jul 2026
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentation1 Jul 2026
- 2026SAD-GS: Learning Reliable 3D Semantic Gaussian Fields via Dynamic Geo-Semantic Anchoring28 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026GVC-Seg: Training-Free 3D Instance Segmentation via Geometric Visual Correspondence6 Jun 2026
- 2026ESAM++: Efficient Online 3D Perception on the Edge28 May 2026
- 2026FoundObj: Self-supervised Foundation Models as Rewards for Label-free 3D Object Segmentation26 May 2026
- 2026EvObj: Learning Evolving Object-centric Representations for 3D Instance Segmentation without Scene Supervision13 May 2026
- 2026PointGS: Semantic-Consistent Unsupervised 3D Point Cloud Segmentation with 3D Gaussian Splatting12 May 2026
- 2026ClickSeg3D: Few-Click Interactive Segmentation via Semantic Embeddings9 May 2026
- 2026SpaCeFormer: Fast Proposal-Free Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation22 Apr 2026
- 2026MV3DIS: Multi-View Mask Matching via 3D Guides for Zero-Shot 3D Instance Segmentation10 Apr 2026
- 2026OVI-MAP:Open-Vocabulary Instance-Semantic Mapping27 Mar 2026
- 2026GeoGuide: Hierarchical Geometric Guidance for Open-Vocabulary 3D Semantic Segmentation27 Mar 2026
- 2026UniFunc3D: Unified Active Spatial-Temporal Grounding for 3D Affordance Segmentation24 Mar 2026
- 2026SegVGGT: Joint 3D Reconstruction and Instance Segmentation from Multi-View Images20 Mar 2026
- 2026UniGround: Universal 3D Visual Grounding via Training-Free Scene Parsing9 Mar 2026
- 2026An Industrial Dataset for Scene Acquisitions and Functional Schematics Alignment17 Feb 2026
- 2026Clutt3R-Seg: Sparse-view 3D Instance Segmentation for Language-grounded Grasping in Cluttered Scenes12 Feb 2026
- 20263AM: 3egment Anything with Geometric Consistency in Videos13 Jan 2026
- 2026The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Models12 Jan 2026
- 2025Retrieving Objects from 3D Scenes with Box-Guided Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation22 Dec 2025
- 2025MoonSeg3R: Monocular Online Zero-Shot Segment Anything in 3D with Reconstructive Foundation Priors17 Dec 2025
- 2025Evaluating Foundation Models' 3D Understanding Through Multi-View Correspondence Analysis12 Dec 2025
- 2025ASSIST-3D: Adapted Scene Synthesis for Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation10 Dec 2025
- 2025Online Segment Any 3D Thing as Instance Tracking8 Dec 2025
- 2025Hierarchical Image-Guided 3D Point Cloud Segmentation in Industrial Scenes via Multi-View Bayesian Fusion7 Dec 2025
- 2025OpenTrack3D: Towards Accurate and Generalizable Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation3 Dec 2025
- 2025ShelfGaussian: Shelf-Supervised Open-Vocabulary Gaussian-based 3D Scene Understanding3 Dec 2025
- 2025DBGroup: Dual-Branch Point Grouping for Weakly Supervised 3D Semantic Instance Segmentation13 Nov 2025
- 2025Class-agnostic 3D Segmentation by Granularity-Consistent Automatic 2D Mask Tracking2 Nov 2025
- 20253D Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Class-Aware and Geometry-Guided Pseudo-Label Refinement17 Oct 2025
- 2025SNAP: Towards Segmenting Anything in Any Point Cloud13 Oct 2025
- 2025FOLK: Fast Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation via Label-guided Knowledge Distillation9 Oct 2025
- 2025PinPoint3D: Fine-Grained 3D Part Segmentation from a Few Clicks30 Sep 2025
- 2025OVSeg3R: Learn Open-vocabulary Instance Segmentation from 2D via 3D Reconstruction28 Sep 2025
- 2025SegDINO3D: 3D Instance Segmentation Empowered by Both Image-Level and Object-Level 2D Features19 Sep 2025
- 2025SGS-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Instance Segmentation via Reliable Semantic Mask Splitting and Growing5 Sep 2025
- 2025Remove360: Benchmarking Residuals After Object Removal in 3D Gaussian Splatting15 Aug 2025
- 2025Details Matter for Indoor Open-vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation30 Jul 2025
- 2025Towards Scalable Spatial Intelligence via 2D-to-3D Data Lifting24 Jul 2025
- 2025InstaScene: Towards Complete 3D Instance Decomposition and Reconstruction from Cluttered Scenes11 Jul 2025
50 newest of 90 All 90 (JSON)
- 2024SAMPart3D: Segment Any Part in 3D Objectscited by 97
- 2025PARTFIELD: Learning 3D Feature Fields for Part Segmentation and Beyondcited by 95
- 2024SeeGround: See and Ground for Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Groundingcited by 67
- 2024EmbodiedSAM: Online Segment Any 3D Thing in Real Timecited by 40
- 2024InstanceGaussian: Appearance-Semantic Joint Gaussian Representation for 3D Instance-Level Perceptioncited by 35
- 2024Beyond Bare Queries: Open-Vocabulary Object Grounding with 3D Scene Graphcited by 32
- 2025Mosaic3D: Foundation Dataset and Model for Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentationcited by 22
- 2024SAM2Point: Segment Any 3D as Videos in Zero-shot and Promptable Mannerscited by 18
- 2024Functionality understanding and segmentation in 3D scenescited by 17
- 2025PanoGS: Gaussian-based Panoptic Segmentation for 3D Open Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 16
- 2024Any3DIS: Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation by 2D Mask Trackingcited by 15
- 2025ROS-SAM: High-Quality Interactive Segmentation for Remote Sensing Moving Objectcited by 15
12 most cited of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2026S4VY: Segment Anything in Feed-Forward 4D Visual Geometry29 Sep 2026
- 2026GraphWrit3R: End-to-End 3D Scene Graph Writing25 Sep 2026
- 2026SAM-V: Geometry-Aware Segment Anything for Multi-View Instance Segmentation21 Sep 2026
- 2026ZVeC: A Zero-Shot Framework for Instance-Level Vehicle Extraction and Generative Point Cloud Completion21 Sep 2026
- 2026Bootstrapping a 4D LiDAR Annotation Tool from Video Foundation Models26 Aug 2026
- 2026GaussianDS: Depth-supervised Semantic Gaussian Splatting for Scene Understanding22 Aug 2026
- 2026Stream3Dv2: Geometric-Semantic Fusion Enhanced Streaming Zero-Shot 3D Scene Understanding21 Aug 2026
- 2026CDIS: Cross-Dimensional Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation via 2D Mask Tracking and 3D-2D Projection Merging20 Jul 2026
- 2026Consistent Scene Understanding in 3D Gaussian Splatting via Multi-Cue Mask Refinement2 Jul 2026
- 2026Relation-Centric Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Segmentation1 Jul 2026
- 2026SAD-GS: Learning Reliable 3D Semantic Gaussian Fields via Dynamic Geo-Semantic Anchoring28 Jun 2026
- 2026GVC-Seg: Training-Free 3D Instance Segmentation via Geometric Visual Correspondence6 Jun 2026
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