mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

OpenTrack3D: Towards Accurate and Generalizable Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation

arXiv 2512.03532 ↗First posted 3 Dec 2025cs.CVcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Generalizing open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation (OV-3DIS) to diverse, unstructured, and mesh-free environments is crucial for robotics and AR/VR, yet remains a significant challenge. We attribute this to two key limitations of existing methods: (1) proposal generation relies on dataset-specific proposal networks or mesh-based superpoints, rendering them inapplicable in mesh-free scenarios and limiting generalization to novel scenes; and (2) the weak textual reasoning of CLIP-based classifiers, which struggle to recognize compositional and functional user queries. To address these issues, we introduce OpenTrack3D, a generalizable and accurate framework. Unlike methods that rely on pre-generated proposals, OpenTrack3D employs a novel visual-spatial tracker to construct cross-view consistent object proposals online. Given an RGB-D stream, our pipeline first leverages a 2D open-vocabulary segmenter to generate masks, which are lifted to 3D point clouds using depth. Mask-guided instance features are then extracted using DINO feature maps, and our tracker fuses visual and spatial cues to maintain instance consistency. The core pipeline is entirely mesh-free, yet we also provide an optional superpoints refinement module to further enhance performance when scene mesh is available. Finally, we replace CLIP with a multi-modal large language model (MLLM), significantly enhancing compositional reasoning for complex user queries. Extensive experiments on diverse benchmarks, including ScanNet200, Replica, ScanNet++, and SceneFun3D, demonstrate state-of-the-art performance and strong generalization capabilities.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2025.

Builds on

37 of 43 references.

References · 37

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  3. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
  4. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
  5. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  6. 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
  7. 2019The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spacescited by 885
  8. 2022OpenScene: 3D Scene Understanding with Open Vocabulariescited by 556
  9. 2023LERF: Language Embedded Radiance Fieldscited by 538
  10. 2024YOLO-World: Real-Time Open-Vocabulary Object Detectioncited by 498
  11. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 411
  12. 2022Mask3D: Mask Transformer for 3D Semantic Instance Segmentationcited by 299
25 more
  1. 2023OpenMask3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 288
  2. 2022Language-Grounded Indoor 3D Semantic Segmentation in the Wildcited by 243
  3. 2022SoftGroup for 3D Instance Segmentation on Point Cloudscited by 197
  4. 2023CLIP2Scene: Towards Label-efficient 3D Scene Understanding by CLIPcited by 178
  5. 2022PLA: Language-Driven Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understandingcited by 176
  6. 2023Alpha-CLIP: A CLIP Model Focusing on Wherever You Wantcited by 150
  7. 2023Open3DIS: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation with 2D Mask Guidancecited by 123
  8. 2021NeSF: Neural Semantic Fields for Generalizable Semantic Segmentation of 3D Scenescited by 119
  9. 2023OneFormer3D: One Transformer for Unified Point Cloud Segmentationcited by 95
  10. 2023RegionPLC: Regional Point-Language Contrastive Learning for Open-World 3D Scene Understandingcited by 93
  11. 2023SAI3D: Segment Any Instance in 3D Scenescited by 90
  12. 2023OpenIns3D: Snap and Lookup for 3D Open-vocabulary Instance Segmentationcited by 82
  13. 2023OVIR-3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Retrieval Without Training on 3D Datacited by 81
  14. 2023Segment3D: Learning Fine-Grained Class-Agnostic 3D Segmentation without Manual Labelscited by 64
  15. 2024MaskClustering: View Consensus based Mask Graph Clustering for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 56
  16. 2023ISBNet: a 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation Network with Instance-aware Sampling and Box-aware Dynamic Convolutioncited by 52
  17. 2024OA-CNNs: Omni-Adaptive Sparse CNNs for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 43
  18. 2023Lowis3D: Language-Driven Open-World Instance-Level 3D Scene Understandingcited by 38
  19. 2023SAM-guided Graph Cut for 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 35
  20. 2024Open-YOLO 3D: Towards Fast and Accurate Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 30
  21. 2023Spherical Mask: Coarse-to-Fine 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation with Spherical Representationcited by 23
  22. 2024Functionality understanding and segmentation in 3D scenescited by 17
  23. 2024GSNeRF: Generalizable Semantic Neural Radiance Fields with Enhanced 3D Scene Understandingcited by 15
  24. 2024Any3DIS: Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation by 2D Mask Trackingcited by 14
  25. 2025Details Matter for Indoor Open-vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentationcited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2024OE3DIS: Open-Ended 3D Point Cloud Instance Segmentation
  2. 2026T-FunS3D: Task-Driven Hierarchical Open-Vocabulary 3D Functionality Segmentation
  3. 2025OpenSplat3D: Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation using Gaussian Splatting
  4. 2024Open-Vocabulary SAM3D: Towards Training-free Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding
  5. 2025OpenGS-Fusion: Open-Vocabulary Dense Mapping with Hybrid 3D Gaussian Splatting for Refined Object-Level Understanding
  6. 2026SenseFuse: Label-Free Fusion of Image and Shape Encoders for Open-Vocabulary 3D Instance Segmentation
  7. 2025Mosaic3D: Foundation Dataset and Model for Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation
  8. 2025ASSIST-3D: Adapted Scene Synthesis for Class-Agnostic 3D Instance Segmentation