SEAL: Self-supervised Embodied Active Learning using Exploration and 3D Consistency
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we explore how we can build upon the data and models of Internet images and use them to adapt to robot vision without requiring any extra labels. We present a framework called Self-supervised Embodied Active Learning (SEAL). It utilizes perception models trained on internet images to learn an active exploration policy. The observations gathered by this exploration policy are labelled using 3D consistency and used to improve the perception model. We build and utilize 3D semantic maps to learn both action and perception in a completely self-supervised manner. The semantic map is used to compute an intrinsic motivation reward for training the exploration policy and for labelling the agent observations using spatio-temporal 3D consistency and label propagation. We demonstrate that the SEAL framework can be used to close the action-perception loop: it improves object detection and instance segmentation performance of a pretrained perception model by just moving around in training environments and the improved perception model can be used to improve Object Goal Navigation.
Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2021.
Builds on
40 of 69 references.
References · 40
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,277
- 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,036
- 2017Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptationcited by 1,311
- 2019Self-training with Noisy Student improves ImageNet classificationcited by 1,311
- 2017Curiosity-driven Exploration by Self-supervised Predictioncited by 1,194
- 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
- 2016Colorful Image Colorizationcited by 1,114
- 2017CyCADA: Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Domain Adaptationcited by 1,082
- 2017Deep Bayesian Active Learning with Image Datacited by 819
28 more
- 2020A Survey of Deep Active Learningcited by 554
- 2018On Evaluation of Embodied Navigation Agentscited by 547
- 2018Gibson Env: Real-World Perception for Embodied Agentscited by 481
- 2020Object Goal Navigation using Goal-Oriented Semantic Explorationcited by 429
- 2019Learning Loss for Active Learningcited by 336
- 2018Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Videocited by 316
- 2020Learning to Explore using Active Neural SLAMcited by 316
- 20193D Scene Graph: A Structure for Unified Semantics, 3D Space, and Cameracited by 281
- 2020Understanding Human Hands in Contact at Internet Scalecited by 281
- 2019Billion-scale semi-supervised learning for image classificationcited by 232
- 2015Supersizing Self-supervision: Learning to Grasp from 50K Tries and 700 Robot Hourscited by 209
- 2016SemanticFusion: Dense 3D Semantic Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 135
- 2015Learning to See by Movingcited by 102
- 2015End-to-end Learning of Action Detection from Frame Glimpses in Videoscited by 101
- 2017Learning Active Learning from Datacited by 101
- 2017A Dataset for Developing and Benchmarking Active Visioncited by 50
- 2020Semantic Curiosity for Active Visual Learningcited by 45
- 2015Learning image representations tied to ego-motioncited by 42
- 2017Learning to Fly by Crashingcited by 41
- 2017Learning to Look Around: Intelligently Exploring Unseen Environments for Unknown Taskscited by 38
- 2020Full-Body Awareness from Partial Observationscited by 29
- 2018Grasp2Vec: Learning Object Representations from Self-Supervised Graspingcited by 27
- 2020Embodied Visual Active Learning for Semantic Segmentationcited by 19
- 2016Look-ahead before you leap: end-to-end active recognition by forecasting the effect of motioncited by 18
- 2018Learning Instance Segmentation by Interactioncited by 18
- 2020Self-supervised Transfer Learning for Instance Segmentation through Physical Interactioncited by 13
- 2020Move to See Better: Self-Improving Embodied Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2018A Unified Framework for Mutual Improvement of SLAM and Semantic Segmentationcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 14; 2023: 13; 2024: 8; 2025: 6; 2026: 7.
48 papers.
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By area:
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 169
- 2022CLIP-Fields: Weakly Supervised Semantic Fields for Robotic Memorycited by 165
- 2022Habitat-Matterport 3D Semantics Datasetcited by 110
- 2022Navigating to Objects in the Real Worldcited by 106
- 2024GOAT-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Lifelong Navigationcited by 94
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Multi-Granularity Map Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 86
- 2024Explore until Confident: Efficient Exploration for Embodied Question Answeringcited by 74
- 2025Spatial Reasoning with Vision-Language Models in Ego-Centric Multi-View Scenescited by 63
- 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigationcited by 49
- 20223D-Aware Object Goal Navigation via Simultaneous Exploration and Identificationcited by 46
- 2025Embodied AI: From LLMs to World Modelscited by 24
- 2022Interactron: Embodied Adaptive Object Detectioncited by 21
36 more
- 2022Ask4Help: Learning to Leverage an Expert for Embodied Taskscited by 18
- 2023Object Goal Navigation with Recursive Implicit Mapscited by 16
- 2025AutoOcc: Automatic Open-Ended Semantic Occupancy Annotation via Vision-Language Guided Gaussian Splattingcited by 14
- 2025FrontierNet: Learning Visual Cues to Explorecited by 12
- 2023Annotator: A Generic Active Learning Baseline for LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 11
- 2023AutoNeRF: Training Implicit Scene Representations with Autonomous Agentscited by 10
- 2023An Informative Path Planning Framework for Active Learning in UAV-based Semantic Mappingcited by 8
- 2022Palm up: Playing in the Latent Manifold for Unsupervised Pretrainingcited by 7
- 2022Self-supervised 3D Semantic Representation Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 6
- 2022A Simple Approach for Visual Rearrangement: 3D Mapping and Semantic Searchcited by 6
- 2023Semi-Supervised Active Learning for Semantic Segmentation in Unknown Environments Using Informative Path Planningcited by 6
- 2024Observe Then Act: Asynchronous Active Vision-Action Model for Robotic Manipulationcited by 5
- 2022SCIM: Simultaneous Clustering, Inference, and Mapping for Open-World Semantic Scene Understandingcited by 4
- 2022Self-Supervised Object Goal Navigation with In-Situ Finetuningcited by 4
- 2023Masked Path Modeling for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 4
- 2023ALP: Action-Aware Embodied Learning for Perceptioncited by 4
- 2024Embodied Active Defense: Leveraging Recurrent Feedback to Counter Adversarial Patchescited by 4
- 2022MoDA: Map style transfer for self-supervised Domain Adaptation of embodied agentscited by 3
- 2023Learning to Explore Informative Trajectories and Samples for Embodied Perceptioncited by 3
- 2023Learning to Rank for Active Learning via Multi-Task Bilevel Optimizationcited by 3
- 2024Multi-Object Navigation in real environments using hybrid policiescited by 3
- 2026OpenFrontier: General Navigation with Visual-Language Grounded Frontierscited by 3
- 2022Active Exploration based on Information Gain by Particle Filter for Efficient Spatial Concept Formationcited by 2
- 2023Look Around and Learn: Self-Training Object Detection by Explorationcited by 2
- 2024A Landmark-Aware Visual Navigation Datasetcited by 2
- 2024Training an Open-Vocabulary Monocular 3D Object Detection Model without 3D Datacited by 2
- 2026LIME: Learning Intent-aware Camera Motion from Egocentric Videocited by 2
- 2023Self-improving object detection via disagreement reconciliationcited by 1
- 2023SegmATRon: Embodied Adaptive Semantic Segmentation for Indoor Environmentcited by 1
- 2025QueryAdapter: Rapid Adaptation of Vision-Language Models in Response to Natural Language Queriescited by 1
- 2026Multimodality as Supervision: Self-Supervised Specialization to the Test Environment via Multimodalitycited by 1
- 2025GRIP: A Unified Framework for Grid-Based Relay and Co-Occurrence-Aware Planning in Dynamic Environmentscited by 0
- 2026See, Act, Adapt: Active Perception for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Visual Adaptation via Personalized VLM-Guided Agentcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Frontiers: Scene-Anomaly Guided Autonomous Explorationcited by 0
- 2026Embodied Active Learning under Limited Annotation and Navigation Budget for Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026ROMA: LLM System for Real-World Object-Centric Multi-Sensory Active Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026ROMA: LLM System for Real-World Object-Centric Multi-Sensory Active Perception3 Oct 2026
- 2026Embodied Active Learning under Limited Annotation and Navigation Budget for Object Detection17 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Frontiers: Scene-Anomaly Guided Autonomous Exploration17 Jul 2026
- 2026Multimodality as Supervision: Self-Supervised Specialization to the Test Environment via Multimodality16 Jul 2026
- 2026LIME: Learning Intent-aware Camera Motion from Egocentric Video2 Jul 2026
- 2026OpenFrontier: General Navigation with Visual-Language Grounded Frontiers5 Mar 2026
- 2026See, Act, Adapt: Active Perception for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Visual Adaptation via Personalized VLM-Guided Agent27 Feb 2026
- 2025GRIP: A Unified Framework for Grid-Based Relay and Co-Occurrence-Aware Planning in Dynamic Environments13 Oct 2025
- 2025Embodied AI: From LLMs to World Models24 Sep 2025
- 2025Spatial Reasoning with Vision-Language Models in Ego-Centric Multi-View Scenes8 Sep 2025
- 2025QueryAdapter: Rapid Adaptation of Vision-Language Models in Response to Natural Language Queries26 Feb 2025
- 2025AutoOcc: Automatic Open-Ended Semantic Occupancy Annotation via Vision-Language Guided Gaussian Splatting7 Feb 2025
36 more
- 2025FrontierNet: Learning Visual Cues to Explore8 Jan 2025
- 2024Training an Open-Vocabulary Monocular 3D Object Detection Model without 3D Data23 Nov 2024
- 2024Observe Then Act: Asynchronous Active Vision-Action Model for Robotic Manipulation23 Sep 2024
- 2024GOAT-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Lifelong Navigation9 Apr 2024
- 2024Embodied Active Defense: Leveraging Recurrent Feedback to Counter Adversarial Patches31 Mar 2024
- 2024Explore until Confident: Efficient Exploration for Embodied Question Answering23 Mar 2024
- 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigation18 Mar 2024
- 2024A Landmark-Aware Visual Navigation Dataset22 Feb 2024
- 2024Multi-Object Navigation in real environments using hybrid policies24 Jan 2024
- 2023Semi-Supervised Active Learning for Semantic Segmentation in Unknown Environments Using Informative Path Planning7 Dec 2023
- 2023Annotator: A Generic Active Learning Baseline for LiDAR Semantic Segmentation31 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning to Rank for Active Learning via Multi-Task Bilevel Optimization25 Oct 2023
- 2023SegmATRon: Embodied Adaptive Semantic Segmentation for Indoor Environment18 Oct 2023
- 2023Object Goal Navigation with Recursive Implicit Maps10 Aug 2023
- 2023ALP: Action-Aware Embodied Learning for Perception16 Jun 2023
- 2023Masked Path Modeling for Vision-and-Language Navigation23 May 2023
- 2023AutoNeRF: Training Implicit Scene Representations with Autonomous Agents21 Apr 2023
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environments6 Apr 2023
- 2023Learning to Explore Informative Trajectories and Samples for Embodied Perception20 Mar 2023
- 2023Self-improving object detection via disagreement reconciliation21 Feb 2023
- 2023Look Around and Learn: Self-Training Object Detection by Exploration7 Feb 2023
- 2023An Informative Path Planning Framework for Active Learning in UAV-based Semantic Mapping7 Feb 2023
- 2022Self-Supervised Object Goal Navigation with In-Situ Finetuning9 Dec 2022
- 2022Navigating to Objects in the Real World2 Dec 2022
- 20223D-Aware Object Goal Navigation via Simultaneous Exploration and Identification1 Dec 2022
- 2022MoDA: Map style transfer for self-supervised Domain Adaptation of embodied agents29 Nov 2022
- 2022Active Exploration based on Information Gain by Particle Filter for Efficient Spatial Concept Formation20 Nov 2022
- 2022Ask4Help: Learning to Leverage an Expert for Embodied Tasks18 Nov 2022
- 2022Palm up: Playing in the Latent Manifold for Unsupervised Pretraining19 Oct 2022
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Multi-Granularity Map Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigation14 Oct 2022
- 2022CLIP-Fields: Weakly Supervised Semantic Fields for Robotic Memory11 Oct 2022
- 2022Habitat-Matterport 3D Semantics Dataset11 Oct 2022
- 2022A Simple Approach for Visual Rearrangement: 3D Mapping and Semantic Search21 Jun 2022
- 2022SCIM: Simultaneous Clustering, Inference, and Mapping for Open-World Semantic Scene Understanding21 Jun 2022
- 2022Interactron: Embodied Adaptive Object Detection1 Feb 2022
- 2022Self-supervised 3D Semantic Representation Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigation26 Jan 2022
- 2025Embodied AI: From LLMs to World Modelscited by 24
- 2025Embodied AI: From LLMs to World Models24 Sep 2025
- 2023ETPNav: Evolving Topological Planning for Vision-Language Navigation in Continuous Environmentscited by 169
- 2022CLIP-Fields: Weakly Supervised Semantic Fields for Robotic Memorycited by 165
- 2022Habitat-Matterport 3D Semantics Datasetcited by 110
- 2022Navigating to Objects in the Real Worldcited by 106
- 2024GOAT-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Lifelong Navigationcited by 94
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Multi-Granularity Map Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 86
- 2024Explore until Confident: Efficient Exploration for Embodied Question Answeringcited by 74
- 2024GaussNav: Gaussian Splatting for Visual Navigationcited by 49
- 20223D-Aware Object Goal Navigation via Simultaneous Exploration and Identificationcited by 46
- 2022Interactron: Embodied Adaptive Object Detectioncited by 21
- 2022Ask4Help: Learning to Leverage an Expert for Embodied Taskscited by 18
- 2023Object Goal Navigation with Recursive Implicit Mapscited by 16
12 most cited of 42 All 42 (JSON)
- 2026ROMA: LLM System for Real-World Object-Centric Multi-Sensory Active Perception3 Oct 2026
- 2026Embodied Active Learning under Limited Annotation and Navigation Budget for Object Detection17 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Frontiers: Scene-Anomaly Guided Autonomous Exploration17 Jul 2026
- 2026Multimodality as Supervision: Self-Supervised Specialization to the Test Environment via Multimodality16 Jul 2026
- 2026LIME: Learning Intent-aware Camera Motion from Egocentric Video2 Jul 2026
- 2026OpenFrontier: General Navigation with Visual-Language Grounded Frontiers5 Mar 2026
- 2025FrontierNet: Learning Visual Cues to Explore8 Jan 2025
- 2024Training an Open-Vocabulary Monocular 3D Object Detection Model without 3D Data23 Nov 2024
- 2024Observe Then Act: Asynchronous Active Vision-Action Model for Robotic Manipulation23 Sep 2024
- 2024GOAT-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Modal Lifelong Navigation9 Apr 2024
- 2024Embodied Active Defense: Leveraging Recurrent Feedback to Counter Adversarial Patches31 Mar 2024
- 2024Explore until Confident: Efficient Exploration for Embodied Question Answering23 Mar 2024
12 newest of 42 All 42 (JSON)