mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Mutual Graph Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection

arXiv 2104.02613 ↗First posted 3 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 103

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Abstract (arXiv)

Automatically detecting/segmenting object(s) that blend in with their surroundings is difficult for current models. A major challenge is that the intrinsic similarities between such foreground objects and background surroundings make the features extracted by deep model indistinguishable. To overcome this challenge, an ideal model should be able to seek valuable, extra clues from the given scene and incorporate them into a joint learning framework for representation co-enhancement. With this inspiration, we design a novel Mutual Graph Learning (MGL) model, which generalizes the idea of conventional mutual learning from regular grids to the graph domain. Specifically, MGL decouples an image into two task-specific feature maps -- one for roughly locating the target and the other for accurately capturing its boundary details -- and fully exploits the mutual benefits by recurrently reasoning their high-order relations through graphs. Importantly, in contrast to most mutual learning approaches that use a shared function to model all between-task interactions, MGL is equipped with typed functions for handling different complementary relations to maximize information interactions. Experiments on challenging datasets, including CHAMELEON, CAMO and COD10K, demonstrate the effectiveness of our MGL with superior performance to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Key facts. Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2021.

Builds on

42 of 73 references.

References · 42

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30 more
  1. 2015Multi-Scale Context Aggregation by Dilated Convolutionscited by 1,128
  2. 2015Holistically-Nested Edge Detectioncited by 590
  3. 2017Structure-measure: A New Way to Evaluate Foreground Mapscited by 480
  4. 2019Hybrid Task Cascade for Instance Segmentationcited by 479
  5. 2020PraNet: Parallel Reverse Attention Network for Polyp Segmentationcited by 460
  6. 2020Social-STGCNN: A Social Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Human Trajectory Predictioncited by 324
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  11. 2021Concealed Object Detectioncited by 212
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  13. 2021Simultaneously Localize, Segment and Rank the Camouflaged Objectscited by 198
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  27. 2020Bidirectional Graph Reasoning Network for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 26
  28. 2020Hybrid Graph Neural Networks for Crowd Countingcited by 21
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 17; 2023: 23; 2024: 23; 2025: 19; 2026: 15.

103 papers.

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  1. 2022Zoom In and Out: A Mixed-scale Triplet Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 145
  2. 2021Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 114
  3. 2023Can SAM Segment Anything? When SAM Meets Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 99
  4. 2023Weakly-Supervised Concealed Object Segmentation with SAM-based Pseudo Labeling and Multi-scale Feature Groupingcited by 92
  5. 2023Feature Shrinkage Pyramid for Camouflaged Object Detection with Transformerscited by 87
  6. 2021Context-aware Cross-level Fusion Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 86
  7. 2022High-resolution Iterative Feedback Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 78
  8. 2022Boundary-Guided Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 68
  9. 2022Deep Gradient Learning for Efficient Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 65
  10. 2022Implicit Motion Handling for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 60
  11. 2022CamoFormer: Masked Separable Attention for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 58
  12. 2023VSCode: General Visual Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection with 2D Prompt Learningcited by 58
38 more
  1. 2023Strategic Preys Make Acute Predators: Enhancing Camouflaged Object Detectors by Generating Camouflaged Objectscited by 56
  2. 2022Source-free Depth for Object Pop-outcited by 52
  3. 2023Advances in Deep Concealed Scene Understandingcited by 47
  4. 2024Frequency-Spatial Entanglement Learning for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 46
  5. 2022Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection with Scribble Annotationscited by 43
  6. 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
  7. 2021RRNet: Relational Reasoning Network with Parallel Multi-scale Attention for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Imagescited by 34
  8. 2022OSFormer: One-Stage Camouflaged Instance Segmentation with Transformerscited by 30
  9. 2023Diffusion Model for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 27
  10. 2022Boosting Camouflaged Object Detection with Dual-Task Interactive Transformercited by 24
  11. 2023Chain of Visual Perception: Harnessing Multimodal Large Language Models for Zero-shot Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 22
  12. 2024SAM-COD: SAM-guided Unified Framework for Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 22
  13. 2023CamoDiffusion: Camouflaged Object Detection via Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 21
  14. 2024Exploring Deeper! Segment Anything Model with Depth Perception for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 20
  15. 2022Towards Deeper Understanding of Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 19
  16. 2023Referring Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 19
  17. 2024Hierarchical Graph Interaction Transformer with Dynamic Token Clustering for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 18
  18. 2023Towards Diverse Binary Segmentation via A Simple yet General Gated Networkcited by 17
  19. 2021Improving Camouflaged Object Detection with the Uncertainty of Pseudo-edge Labelscited by 16
  20. 2024Frequency-Guided Spatial Adaptation for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 15
  21. 2021Exploring Depth Contribution for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 14
  22. 2024FocusDiffuser: Perceiving Local Disparities for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 14
  23. 2025Improving SAM for Camouflaged Object Detection via Dual Stream Adapterscited by 13
  24. 2022MFFN: Multi-view Feature Fusion Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 12
  25. 2024Evaluating SAM2's Role in Camouflaged Object Detection: From SAM to SAM2cited by 12
  26. 2024Explicit Motion Handling and Interactive Prompting for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 11
  27. 2024SAM-PM: Enhancing Video Camouflaged Object Detection using Spatio-Temporal Attentioncited by 11
  28. 2022Location-Free Camouflage Generation Networkcited by 10
  29. 2022MDFlow: Unsupervised Optical Flow Learning by Reliable Mutual Knowledge Distillationcited by 10
  30. 2024Concealed Object Segmentation with Hierarchical Coherence Modelingcited by 10
  31. 2024GLCONet: Learning Multi-source Perception Representation for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 10
  32. 2025UCOD-DPL: Unsupervised Camouflaged Object Detection via Dynamic Pseudo-label Learningcited by 10
  33. 2023Collaborative Camouflaged Object Detection: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 8
  34. 2023Large Model Based Referring Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 8
  35. 2023A Unified Query-based Paradigm for Camouflaged Instance Segmentationcited by 7
  36. 2023PrObeD: Proactive Object Detection Wrappercited by 7
  37. 2024Depth Awakens: A Depth-perceptual Attention Fusion Network for RGB-D Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 7
  38. 2024Rethinking Detecting Salient and Camouflaged Objects in Unconstrained Scenescited by 7

50 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)