Mutual Graph Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Automatically detecting/segmenting object(s) that blend in with their surroundings is difficult for current models. A major challenge is that the intrinsic similarities between such foreground objects and background surroundings make the features extracted by deep model indistinguishable. To overcome this challenge, an ideal model should be able to seek valuable, extra clues from the given scene and incorporate them into a joint learning framework for representation co-enhancement. With this inspiration, we design a novel Mutual Graph Learning (MGL) model, which generalizes the idea of conventional mutual learning from regular grids to the graph domain. Specifically, MGL decouples an image into two task-specific feature maps -- one for roughly locating the target and the other for accurately capturing its boundary details -- and fully exploits the mutual benefits by recurrently reasoning their high-order relations through graphs. Importantly, in contrast to most mutual learning approaches that use a shared function to model all between-task interactions, MGL is equipped with typed functions for handling different complementary relations to maximize information interactions. Experiments on challenging datasets, including CHAMELEON, CAMO and COD10K, demonstrate the effectiveness of our MGL with superior performance to existing state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2021.
Builds on
42 of 73 references.
References · 42
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 17; 2023: 23; 2024: 23; 2025: 19; 2026: 15.
103 papers.
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- 2022Zoom In and Out: A Mixed-scale Triplet Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 145
- 2021Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 114
- 2023Can SAM Segment Anything? When SAM Meets Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Concealed Object Segmentation with SAM-based Pseudo Labeling and Multi-scale Feature Groupingcited by 92
- 2023Feature Shrinkage Pyramid for Camouflaged Object Detection with Transformerscited by 87
- 2021Context-aware Cross-level Fusion Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 86
- 2022High-resolution Iterative Feedback Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 78
- 2022Boundary-Guided Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 68
- 2022Deep Gradient Learning for Efficient Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 65
- 2022Implicit Motion Handling for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 60
- 2022CamoFormer: Masked Separable Attention for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 58
- 2023VSCode: General Visual Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection with 2D Prompt Learningcited by 58
38 more
- 2023Strategic Preys Make Acute Predators: Enhancing Camouflaged Object Detectors by Generating Camouflaged Objectscited by 56
- 2022Source-free Depth for Object Pop-outcited by 52
- 2023Advances in Deep Concealed Scene Understandingcited by 47
- 2024Frequency-Spatial Entanglement Learning for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 46
- 2022Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection with Scribble Annotationscited by 43
- 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
- 2021RRNet: Relational Reasoning Network with Parallel Multi-scale Attention for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Imagescited by 34
- 2022OSFormer: One-Stage Camouflaged Instance Segmentation with Transformerscited by 30
- 2023Diffusion Model for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 27
- 2022Boosting Camouflaged Object Detection with Dual-Task Interactive Transformercited by 24
- 2023Chain of Visual Perception: Harnessing Multimodal Large Language Models for Zero-shot Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 22
- 2024SAM-COD: SAM-guided Unified Framework for Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 22
- 2023CamoDiffusion: Camouflaged Object Detection via Conditional Diffusion Modelscited by 21
- 2024Exploring Deeper! Segment Anything Model with Depth Perception for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2022Towards Deeper Understanding of Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 19
- 2023Referring Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 19
- 2024Hierarchical Graph Interaction Transformer with Dynamic Token Clustering for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 18
- 2023Towards Diverse Binary Segmentation via A Simple yet General Gated Networkcited by 17
- 2021Improving Camouflaged Object Detection with the Uncertainty of Pseudo-edge Labelscited by 16
- 2024Frequency-Guided Spatial Adaptation for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 15
- 2021Exploring Depth Contribution for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2024FocusDiffuser: Perceiving Local Disparities for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2025Improving SAM for Camouflaged Object Detection via Dual Stream Adapterscited by 13
- 2022MFFN: Multi-view Feature Fusion Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 12
- 2024Evaluating SAM2's Role in Camouflaged Object Detection: From SAM to SAM2cited by 12
- 2024Explicit Motion Handling and Interactive Prompting for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 11
- 2024SAM-PM: Enhancing Video Camouflaged Object Detection using Spatio-Temporal Attentioncited by 11
- 2022Location-Free Camouflage Generation Networkcited by 10
- 2022MDFlow: Unsupervised Optical Flow Learning by Reliable Mutual Knowledge Distillationcited by 10
- 2024Concealed Object Segmentation with Hierarchical Coherence Modelingcited by 10
- 2024GLCONet: Learning Multi-source Perception Representation for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2025UCOD-DPL: Unsupervised Camouflaged Object Detection via Dynamic Pseudo-label Learningcited by 10
- 2023Collaborative Camouflaged Object Detection: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 8
- 2023Large Model Based Referring Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 8
- 2023A Unified Query-based Paradigm for Camouflaged Instance Segmentationcited by 7
- 2023PrObeD: Proactive Object Detection Wrappercited by 7
- 2024Depth Awakens: A Depth-perceptual Attention Fusion Network for RGB-D Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2024Rethinking Detecting Salient and Camouflaged Objects in Unconstrained Scenescited by 7
50 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2026Consensus-Aware Multi-Source Fusion for Reference-Guided Camouflaged Object Detection30 Sep 2026
- 2026Context-Aware Mutual Learning for Blind Image Inpainting and Beyond13 Sep 2026
- 2026LGFN: Lightweight Gated RGB-Polarization Fusion with Modality-Availability Conditioning for Camouflaged Object Detection11 Sep 2026
- 2026VCP-DCN: Beyond Visual Concealed Property via Depth Collaborative Network for Camouflaged Object Detection30 Jul 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Consistency Learning for Test-time Adaptation in Camouflage Perception25 May 2026
- 2026RIDE: Retinex-Informed Decoupling for Exposing Concealed Objects14 May 2026
- 2026Exploring Boundary-Aware Spatial-Frequency Fusion for Camouflaged Object Detection20 Apr 2026
- 2026YUV20K: A Complexity-Driven Benchmark and Trajectory-Aware Alignment Model for Video Camouflaged Object Detection11 Apr 2026
- 2026CAMotion: A High-Quality Benchmark for Camouflaged Moving Object Detection in the Wild9 Apr 2026
- 2026Language-Guided Structure-Aware Network for Camouflaged Object Detection25 Mar 2026
- 2026FCL-COD: Weakly Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection with Frequency-aware and Contrastive Learning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Bi-CamoDiffusion: A Boundary-informed Diffusion Approach for Camouflaged Object Detection9 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026Learning to Fuse and Reconstruct Multi-View Graphs for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading25 Feb 2026
- 2026High-Resolution Underwater Camouflaged Object Detection: GBU-UCOD Dataset and Topology-Aware and Frequency-Decoupled Networks3 Feb 2026
- 2026Refining Context-Entangled Content Segmentation via Curriculum Selection and Anti-Curriculum Promotion1 Feb 2026
- 2025RealCamo: Boosting Real Camouflage Synthesis with Layout Controls and Textual-Visual Guidance28 Dec 2025
- 2025Debate-Enhanced Pseudo Labeling and Frequency-Aware Progressive Debiasing for Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection with Scribble Annotations23 Dec 2025
- 2025RefOnce: Distilling References into a Prototype Memory for Referring Camouflaged Object Detection26 Nov 2025
- 2025MSRNet: A Multi-Scale Recursive Network for Camouflaged Object Detection16 Nov 2025
- 2025C3Net: Context-Contrast Network for Camouflaged Object Detection16 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Single Images: Retrieval Self-Augmented Unsupervised Camouflaged Object Detection21 Oct 2025
- 2025SPEGNet: Synergistic Perception-Guided Network for Camouflaged Object Detection6 Oct 2025
- 2025SCOUT: Semi-supervised Camouflaged Object Detection by Utilizing Text and Adaptive Data Selection25 Aug 2025
- 2025Mamba-based Spatio-Frequency Motion Perception for Video Camouflaged Object Detection31 Jul 2025
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Review30 Jul 2025
- 2025Synthetic-to-Real Camouflaged Object Detection25 Jul 2025
- 2025UCOD-DPL: Unsupervised Camouflaged Object Detection via Dynamic Pseudo-label Learning8 Jun 2025
- 2025DRRNet: Macro-Micro Feature Fusion and Dual Reverse Refinement for Camouflaged Object Detection14 May 2025
- 2025Promoting SAM for Camouflaged Object Detection via Selective Key Point-based Guidance14 May 2025
- 2025CamoSAM2: SAM2-oriented Prompt Auto-Refinement for Video Camouflaged Object Detection1 Apr 2025
- 2025A Revisit to the Decoder for Camouflaged Object Detection18 Mar 2025
- 2025Improving SAM for Camouflaged Object Detection via Dual Stream Adapters8 Mar 2025
- 2025MSVCOD:A Large-Scale Multi-Scene Dataset for Video Camouflage Object Detection19 Feb 2025
- 2025Toward Realistic Camouflaged Object Detection: Benchmarks and Method13 Jan 2025
- 2024Seamless Detection: Unifying Salient Object Detection and Camouflaged Object Detection22 Dec 2024
- 2024Rethinking Detecting Salient and Camouflaged Objects in Unconstrained Scenes14 Dec 2024
- 2024COMPrompter: reconceptualized segment anything model with multiprompt network for camouflaged object detection28 Nov 2024
- 2024PlantCamo: Plant Camouflage Detection23 Oct 2024
- 2024Mamba Capsule Routing Towards Part-Whole Relational Camouflaged Object Detection5 Oct 2024
- 2024Frequency-Guided Spatial Adaptation for Camouflaged Object Detection19 Sep 2024
- 2024GLCONet: Learning Multi-source Perception Representation for Camouflaged Object Detection15 Sep 2024
- 2024Frequency-Spatial Entanglement Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection3 Sep 2024
- 2024Hierarchical Graph Interaction Transformer with Dynamic Token Clustering for Camouflaged Object Detection27 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyond26 Aug 2024
- 2024SAM-COD: SAM-guided Unified Framework for Weakly-Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection20 Aug 2024
- 2024Depth-guided Texture Diffusion for Image Semantic Segmentation17 Aug 2024
- 2024Evaluating SAM2's Role in Camouflaged Object Detection: From SAM to SAM231 Jul 2024
- 2024FocusDiffuser: Perceiving Local Disparities for Camouflaged Object Detection18 Jul 2024
- 2024Exploring Deeper! Segment Anything Model with Depth Perception for Camouflaged Object Detection17 Jul 2024
- 2024SAM-PM: Enhancing Video Camouflaged Object Detection using Spatio-Temporal Attention9 Jun 2024
50 newest of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2022Zoom In and Out: A Mixed-scale Triplet Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 145
- 2021Uncertainty-aware Joint Salient Object and Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 114
- 2023Can SAM Segment Anything? When SAM Meets Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2023Weakly-Supervised Concealed Object Segmentation with SAM-based Pseudo Labeling and Multi-scale Feature Groupingcited by 92
- 2023Feature Shrinkage Pyramid for Camouflaged Object Detection with Transformerscited by 87
- 2021Context-aware Cross-level Fusion Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 86
- 2022High-resolution Iterative Feedback Network for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 78
- 2022Boundary-Guided Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 68
- 2022Deep Gradient Learning for Efficient Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 65
- 2022Implicit Motion Handling for Video Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 60
- 2022CamoFormer: Masked Separable Attention for Camouflaged Object Detectioncited by 58
- 2023VSCode: General Visual Salient and Camouflaged Object Detection with 2D Prompt Learningcited by 58
12 most cited of 97 All 97 (JSON)
- 2026Consensus-Aware Multi-Source Fusion for Reference-Guided Camouflaged Object Detection30 Sep 2026
- 2026Context-Aware Mutual Learning for Blind Image Inpainting and Beyond13 Sep 2026
- 2026LGFN: Lightweight Gated RGB-Polarization Fusion with Modality-Availability Conditioning for Camouflaged Object Detection11 Sep 2026
- 2026VCP-DCN: Beyond Visual Concealed Property via Depth Collaborative Network for Camouflaged Object Detection30 Jul 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Consistency Learning for Test-time Adaptation in Camouflage Perception25 May 2026
- 2026RIDE: Retinex-Informed Decoupling for Exposing Concealed Objects14 May 2026
- 2026Exploring Boundary-Aware Spatial-Frequency Fusion for Camouflaged Object Detection20 Apr 2026
- 2026YUV20K: A Complexity-Driven Benchmark and Trajectory-Aware Alignment Model for Video Camouflaged Object Detection11 Apr 2026
- 2026CAMotion: A High-Quality Benchmark for Camouflaged Moving Object Detection in the Wild9 Apr 2026
- 2026Language-Guided Structure-Aware Network for Camouflaged Object Detection25 Mar 2026
- 2026FCL-COD: Weakly Supervised Camouflaged Object Detection with Frequency-aware and Contrastive Learning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Bi-CamoDiffusion: A Boundary-informed Diffusion Approach for Camouflaged Object Detection9 Mar 2026
12 newest of 97 All 97 (JSON)