A Graph-Based Method for Soccer Action Spotting Using Unsupervised Player Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
Action spotting in soccer videos is the task of identifying the specific time when a certain key action of the game occurs. Lately, it has received a large amount of attention and powerful methods have been introduced. Action spotting involves understanding the dynamics of the game, the complexity of events, and the variation of video sequences. Most approaches have focused on the latter, given that their models exploit the global visual features of the sequences. In this work, we focus on the former by (a) identifying and representing the players, referees, and goalkeepers as nodes in a graph, and by (b) modeling their temporal interactions as sequences of graphs. For the player identification, or player classification task, we obtain an accuracy of 97.72% in our annotated benchmark. For the action spotting task, our method obtains an overall performance of 57.83% average-mAP by combining it with other audiovisual modalities. This performance surpasses similar graph-based methods and has competitive results with heavy computing methods. Code and data are available at https://github.com/IPCV/soccer_action_spotting.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2022.
Builds on
21 of 49 references.
References · 21
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9 more
- 2019DeepGCNs: Making GCNs Go as Deep as CNNscited by 72
- 2019A Context-Aware Loss Function for Action Spotting in Soccer Videoscited by 56
- 2021Camera Calibration and Player Localization in SoccerNet-v2 and Investigation of their Representations for Action Spottingcited by 43
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 1; 2025: 4.
10 papers.
- 2023SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentariescited by 57
- 2023VARS: Video Assistant Referee System for Automated Soccer Decision Making from Multiple Viewscited by 38
- 2023Towards Active Learning for Action Spotting in Association Football Videoscited by 14
- 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decisioncited by 11
- 2023Survey of Action Recognition, Spotting and Spatio-Temporal Localization in Soccer -- Current Trends and Research Perspectivescited by 7
- 2025Game State and Spatio-temporal Action Detection in Soccer using Graph Neural Networks and 3D Convolutional Networkscited by 6
- 2025FOOTPASS: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Tactical Context Dataset for Play-by-Play Action Spotting in Soccer Broadcast Videoscited by 5
- 2025SoccerHigh: A Benchmark Dataset for Automatic Soccer Video Summarizationcited by 3
- 2024OSL-ActionSpotting: A Unified Library for Action Spotting in Sports Videoscited by 2
- 2025Pixels or Positions? Benchmarking Modalities in Group Activity Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025FOOTPASS: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Tactical Context Dataset for Play-by-Play Action Spotting in Soccer Broadcast Videos20 Nov 2025
- 2025Pixels or Positions? Benchmarking Modalities in Group Activity Recognition16 Nov 2025
- 2025SoccerHigh: A Benchmark Dataset for Automatic Soccer Video Summarization1 Sep 2025
- 2025Game State and Spatio-temporal Action Detection in Soccer using Graph Neural Networks and 3D Convolutional Networks21 Feb 2025
- 2024OSL-ActionSpotting: A Unified Library for Action Spotting in Sports Videos1 Jul 2024
- 2023Survey of Action Recognition, Spotting and Spatio-Temporal Localization in Soccer -- Current Trends and Research Perspectives21 Sep 2023
- 2023A Survey of Deep Learning in Sports Applications: Perception, Comprehension, and Decision7 Jul 2023
- 2023VARS: Video Assistant Referee System for Automated Soccer Decision Making from Multiple Views10 Apr 2023
- 2023SoccerNet-Caption: Dense Video Captioning for Soccer Broadcasts Commentaries10 Apr 2023
- 2023Towards Active Learning for Action Spotting in Association Football Videos9 Apr 2023