mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Fine-Grained Head Pose Estimation Without Keypoints

arXiv 1710.00925 ↗First posted 2 Oct 2017cs.CVcited by 163

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Abstract (arXiv)

Estimating the head pose of a person is a crucial problem that has a large amount of applications such as aiding in gaze estimation, modeling attention, fitting 3D models to video and performing face alignment. Traditionally head pose is computed by estimating some keypoints from the target face and solving the 2D to 3D correspondence problem with a mean human head model. We argue that this is a fragile method because it relies entirely on landmark detection performance, the extraneous head model and an ad-hoc fitting step. We present an elegant and robust way to determine pose by training a multi-loss convolutional neural network on 300W-LP, a large synthetically expanded dataset, to predict intrinsic Euler angles (yaw, pitch and roll) directly from image intensities through joint binned pose classification and regression. We present empirical tests on common in-the-wild pose benchmark datasets which show state-of-the-art results. Additionally we test our method on a dataset usually used for pose estimation using depth and start to close the gap with state-of-the-art depth pose methods. We open-source our training and testing code as well as release our pre-trained models.

Key facts. Cited by 163 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 0; 2021: 35; 2022: 38; 2023: 26; 2024: 30; 2025: 21; 2026: 12.

163 papers.

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  1. 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 382
  2. 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
  3. 2021HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editingcited by 208
  4. 2021One Shot Face Swapping on Megapixelscited by 105
  5. 2021GAN-Control: Explicitly Controllable GANscited by 91
  6. 2022DiffFace: Diffusion-based Face Swapping with Facial Guidancecited by 77
  7. 2022Fine-Grained Face Swapping via Regional GAN Inversioncited by 67
  8. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 67
  9. 20226D Rotation Representation For Unconstrained Head Pose Estimationcited by 64
  10. 2023Discovering Interpretable Directions in the Semantic Latent Space of Diffusion Modelscited by 60
  11. 2021Learning Probabilistic Ordinal Embeddings for Uncertainty-Aware Regressioncited by 58
  12. 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
38 more
  1. 2022Third Time's the Charm? Image and Video Editing with StyleGAN3cited by 54
  2. 2022Region-Aware Face Swappingcited by 45
  3. 2022OrdinalCLIP: Learning Rank Prompts for Language-Guided Ordinal Regressioncited by 44
  4. 2022FaceDancer: Pose- and Occlusion-Aware High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 44
  5. 2022MobileFaceSwap: A Lightweight Framework for Video Face Swappingcited by 39
  6. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  7. 2024FaceXFormer: A Unified Transformer for Facial Analysiscited by 34
  8. 2022FSGANv2: Improved Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactmentcited by 33
  9. 2022DAD-3DHeads: A Large-scale Dense, Accurate and Diverse Dataset for 3D Head Alignment from a Single Imagecited by 31
  10. 2021Multimodal Engagement Analysis from Facial Videos in the Classroomcited by 27
  11. 2021Synergy between 3DMM and 3D Landmarks for Accurate 3D Facial Geometrycited by 27
  12. 2021MOST-GAN: 3D Morphable StyleGAN for Disentangled Face Image Manipulationcited by 24
  13. 20233D-aware Conditional Image Synthesiscited by 24
  14. 2025FaceXBench: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs on Face Understandingcited by 24
  15. 2022Multi-task head pose estimation in-the-wildcited by 23
  16. 2022Unimodal-Concentrated Loss: Fully Adaptive Label Distribution Learning for Ordinal Regressioncited by 23
  17. 2024CustomListener: Text-guided Responsive Interaction for User-friendly Listening Head Generationcited by 22
  18. 2024Faces that Speak: Jointly Synthesising Talking Face and Speech from Textcited by 21
  19. 2023Towards Robust and Unconstrained Full Range of Rotation Head Pose Estimationcited by 20
  20. 2024G2Face: High-Fidelity Reversible Face Anonymization via Generative and Geometric Priorscited by 20
  21. 2024Face Anonymization Made Simplecited by 18
  22. 2024Omni-ID: Holistic Identity Representation Designed for Generative Taskscited by 18
  23. 2022Mask-FPAN: Semi-Supervised Face Parsing in the Wild With De-Occlusion and UV GANcited by 16
  24. 2023MFR-Net: Multi-faceted Responsive Listening Head Generation via Denoising Diffusion Modelcited by 16
  25. 2024ReSyncer: Rewiring Style-based Generator for Unified Audio-Visually Synced Facial Performercited by 16
  26. 2021Scaling-up Disentanglement for Image Translationcited by 15
  27. 2024Adaptive Super Resolution For One-Shot Talking-Head Generationcited by 15
  28. 2024On the representation and methodology for wide and short range head pose estimationcited by 12
  29. 2023Face Transformer: Towards High Fidelity and Accurate Face Swappingcited by 11
  30. 2023Bias and Diversity in Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 11
  31. 2021ASMNet: a Lightweight Deep Neural Network for Face Alignment and Pose Estimationcited by 10
  32. 2021Simulated Adversarial Testing of Face Recognition Modelscited by 10
  33. 2021Egocentric Videoconferencingcited by 10
  34. 2023Reinforced Disentanglement for Face Swapping without Skip Connectioncited by 10
  35. 2024Biometrics and Behavior Analysis for Detecting Distractions in e-Learningcited by 10
  36. 2021HHP-Net: A light Heteroscedastic neural network for Head Pose estimation with uncertaintycited by 9
  37. 2022Towards 3D Face Reconstruction in Perspective Projection: Estimating 6DoF Face Pose from Monocular Imagecited by 9
  38. 2022What's in a Decade? Transforming Faces Through Timecited by 9

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