mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Gaitor: Learning a Unified Representation Across Gaits for Real-World Quadruped Locomotion

arXiv 2405.19452 ↗First posted 29 May 2024cs.RO cs.LGcited by 8

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Abstract (arXiv)

The current state-of-the-art in quadruped locomotion is able to produce a variety of complex motions. These methods either rely on switching between a discrete set of skills or learn a distribution across gaits using complex black-box models. Alternatively, we present Gaitor, which learns a disentangled and 2D representation across locomotion gaits. This learnt representation forms a planning space for closed-loop control delivering continuous gait transitions and perceptive terrain traversal. Gaitor's latent space is readily interpretable and we discover that during gait transitions, novel unseen gaits emerge. The latent space is disentangled with respect to footswing heights and lengths. This means that these gait characteristics can be varied independently in the 2D latent representation. Together with a simple terrain encoding and a learnt planner operating in the latent space, Gaitor can take motion commands including desired gait type and swing characteristics all while reacting to uneven terrain. We evaluate Gaitor in both simulation and the real world on the ANYmal C platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work learning a unified and interpretable latent space for multiple gaits, resulting in continuous blending between different locomotion modes on a real quadruped robot. An overview of the methods and results in this paper is found at https://youtu.be/eVFQbRyilCA.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.

Builds on

22 of 32 references.

References · 22

  1. 2021Learning to Walk in Minutes Using Massively Parallel Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 512
  2. 2019Learning agile and dynamic motor skills for legged robotscited by 504
  3. 2017Fine-Grained Head Pose Estimation Without Keypointscited by 163
  4. 2023ANYmal Parkour: Learning Agile Navigation for Quadrupedal Robotscited by 152
  5. 2018A micro Lie theory for state estimation in roboticscited by 124
  6. 2020RLOC: Terrain-Aware Legged Locomotion using Reinforcement Learning and Optimal Controlcited by 59
  7. 2021Fast and Efficient Locomotion via Learned Gait Transitionscited by 54
  8. 2022Advanced Skills by Learning Locomotion and Local Navigation End-to-Endcited by 52
  9. 2023Barkour: Benchmarking Animal-level Agility with Quadruped Robotscited by 41
  10. 2019Crocoddyl: An Efficient and Versatile Framework for Multi-Contact Optimal Controlcited by 34
  11. 2020Guided Constrained Policy Optimization for Dynamic Quadrupedal Robot Locomotioncited by 25
  12. 2020Multi-Layered Safety for Legged Robots via Control Barrier Functions and Model Predictive Controlcited by 25
10 more
  1. 2022An Efficient Locally Reactive Controller for Safe Navigation in Visual Teach and Repeat Missionscited by 14
  2. 2020Planning in Learned Latent Action Spaces for Generalizable Legged Locomotioncited by 12
  3. 2023Learning Multiple Gaits within Latent Space for Quadruped Robotscited by 12
  4. 2021Receding-Horizon Perceptive Trajectory Optimization for Dynamic Legged Locomotion with Learned Initializationcited by 10
  5. 2022Agile Maneuvers in Legged Robots: a Predictive Control Approachcited by 8
  6. 2020First Steps: Latent-Space Control with Semantic Constraints for Quadruped Locomotioncited by 7
  7. 2020A Feasibility-Driven Approach to Control-Limited DDPcited by 6
  8. 2021Next Steps: Learning a Disentangled Gait Representation for Versatile Quadruped Locomotioncited by 2
  9. 2022VAE-Loco: Versatile Quadruped Locomotion by Learning a Disentangled Gait Representationcited by 2
  10. 2019Analytic Model for Quadruped Locomotion Task-Space Planningcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 4.

8 papers.