mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DiffFace: Diffusion-based Face Swapping with Facial Guidance

arXiv 2212.13344 ↗First posted 27 Dec 2022cs.CVcited by 77

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a diffusion-based face swapping framework for the first time, called DiffFace, composed of training ID conditional DDPM, sampling with facial guidance, and a target-preserving blending. In specific, in the training process, the ID conditional DDPM is trained to generate face images with the desired identity. In the sampling process, we use the off-the-shelf facial expert models to make the model transfer source identity while preserving target attributes faithfully. During this process, to preserve the background of the target image and obtain the desired face swapping result, we additionally propose a target-preserving blending strategy. It helps our model to keep the attributes of the target face from noise while transferring the source facial identity. In addition, without any re-training, our model can flexibly apply additional facial guidance and adaptively control the ID-attributes trade-off to achieve the desired results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that applies the diffusion model in face swapping task. Compared with previous GAN-based approaches, by taking advantage of the diffusion model for the face swapping task, DiffFace achieves better benefits such as training stability, high fidelity, diversity of the samples, and controllability. Extensive experiments show that our DiffFace is comparable or superior to the state-of-the-art methods on several standard face swapping benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 51 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Dec 2022.

Builds on

51 of 61 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022MIDMs: Matching Interleaved Diffusion Models for Exemplar-based Image Translation22 Sep
  2. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  3. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  4. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
  5. 2021More Control for Free! Image Synthesis with Semantic Diffusion Guidance10 Dec
  6. 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Images29 Nov
  7. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Nov

Other references · 44

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  4. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  5. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  6. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  7. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  8. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  9. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  10. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  11. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
  12. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
32 more
  1. 2016Wide Residual Networkscited by 3,057
  2. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  3. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  4. 2014Conditional Generative Adversarial Netscited by 2,152
  5. 2018Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,618
  6. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
  7. 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,184
  8. 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,181
  9. 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
  10. 2018CosFace: Large Margin Cosine Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 968
  11. 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
  12. 2021ILVR: Conditioning Method for Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 634
  13. 2017How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)cited by 524
  14. 2021Diffusion Autoencoders: Toward a Meaningful and Decodable Representationcited by 447
  15. 2016Generative Visual Manipulation on the Natural Image Manifoldcited by 348
  16. 2019FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactmentcited by 319
  17. 2021SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 243
  18. 2019FaceShifter: Towards High Fidelity And Occlusion Aware Face Swappingcited by 221
  19. 2019Learning to Regress 3D Face Shape and Expression from an Image without 3D Supervisioncited by 176
  20. 2022EGSDE: Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation via Energy-Guided Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 172
  21. 2017Fine-Grained Head Pose Estimation Without Keypointscited by 163
  22. 2020DeepFaceLab: Integrated, flexible and extensible face-swapping frameworkcited by 129
  23. 2021One Shot Face Swapping on Megapixelscited by 105
  24. 2020Resolution Dependent GAN Interpolation for Controllable Image Synthesis Between Domainscited by 96
  25. 2021HifiFace: 3D Shape and Semantic Prior Guided High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 92
  26. 2022Killing Two Birds with One Stone:Efficient and Robust Training of Face Recognition CNNs by Partial FCcited by 73
  27. 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
  28. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  29. 2018Learning to Find Eye Region Landmarks for Remote Gaze Estimation in Unconstrained Settingscited by 38
  30. 2021Smooth-Swap: A Simple Enhancement for Face-Swapping with Smoothnesscited by 30
  31. 2018ExpNet: Landmark-Free, Deep, 3D Facial Expressionscited by 29
  32. 2017FacePoseNet: Making a Case for Landmark-Free Face Alignmentcited by 21

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 23; 2025: 23; 2026: 24.

77 papers.

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  1. 2024PuLID: Pure and Lightning ID Customization via Contrastive Alignmentcited by 143
  2. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
  3. 2024ConsistentID: Portrait Generation with Multimodal Fine-Grained Identity Preservingcited by 42
  4. 2024Diffusion Facial Forgery Detectioncited by 41
  5. 2024Realistic and Efficient Face Swapping: A Unified Approach with Diffusion Modelscited by 35
  6. 2023DiffV2S: Diffusion-based Video-to-Speech Synthesis with Vision-guided Speaker Embeddingcited by 22
  7. 2023DaGAN++: Depth-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for Talking Head Video Generationcited by 20
  8. 2025h-Edit: Effective and Flexible Diffusion-Based Editing via Doob's h-Transformcited by 18
  9. 2025CanonSwap: High-Fidelity and Consistent Video Face Swapping via Canonical Space Modulationcited by 16
  10. 2025From Specificity to Generality: Revisiting Generalizable Artifacts in Detecting Face Deepfakescited by 14
  11. 2024GenFace: A Large-Scale Fine-Grained Face Forgery Benchmark and Cross Appearance-Edge Learningcited by 12
  12. 2024RectifID: Personalizing Rectified Flow with Anchored Classifier Guidancecited by 11
38 more
  1. 2024MFCLIP: Multi-modal Fine-grained CLIP for Generalizable Diffusion Face Forgery Detectioncited by 11
  2. 2025DynamicFace: High-Quality and Consistent Face Swapping for Image and Video using Composable 3D Facial Priorscited by 10
  3. 2025DreamID: High-Fidelity and Fast diffusion-based Face Swapping via Triplet ID Group Learningcited by 10
  4. 2023Multimodal-driven Talking Face Generation via a Unified Diffusion-based Generatorcited by 9
  5. 2024Face De-identification: State-of-the-art Methods and Comparative Studiescited by 9
  6. 2026DreamID-V:Bridging the Image-to-Video Gap for High-Fidelity Face Swapping via Diffusion Transformercited by 9
  7. 2024FaceShield: Defending Facial Image against Deepfake Threatscited by 8
  8. 2025Visual Persona: Foundation Model for Full-Body Human Customizationcited by 7
  9. 2023On the Vulnerability of DeepFake Detectors to Attacks Generated by Denoising Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  10. 2024VividFace: A Diffusion-Based Hybrid Framework for High-Fidelity Video Face Swappingcited by 6
  11. 2023Photorealistic and Identity-Preserving Image-Based Emotion Manipulation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  12. 2024Diffusion Prior Interpolation for Flexibility Real-World Face Super-Resolutioncited by 5
  13. 2025High-Fidelity Diffusion Face Swapping with ID-Constrained Facial Conditioningcited by 5
  14. 2024GCA-3D: Towards Generalized and Consistent Domain Adaptation of 3D Generatorscited by 4
  15. 2025My Face Is Mine, Not Yours: Facial Protection Against Diffusion Model Face Swappingcited by 4
  16. 2025Towards Generalized Proactive Defense against Face Swapping with Contour-Hybrid Watermarkcited by 4
  17. 2023Personalized Restoration via Dual-Pivot Tuningcited by 3
  18. 2024Face Swap via Diffusion Modelcited by 3
  19. 2024Transfer Learning of Real Image Features with Soft Contrastive Loss for Fake Image Detectioncited by 3
  20. 2025DevFD: Developmental Face Forgery Detection by Learning Shared and Orthogonal LoRA Subspacescited by 3
  21. 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  22. 2025BLANKET: Anonymizing Faces in Infant Video Recordingscited by 2
  23. 2024LatentSwap: An Efficient Latent Code Mapping Framework for Face Swappingcited by 1
  24. 2024Rethinking Clothes Changing Person ReID: Conflicts, Synthesis, and Optimizationcited by 1
  25. 2024LDFaceNet: Latent Diffusion-based Network for High-Fidelity Deepfake Generationcited by 1
  26. 2025Turn That Frown Upside Down: FaceID Customization via Cross-Training Datacited by 1
  27. 2025PVLM: Parsing-Aware Vision Language Model with Dynamic Contrastive Learning for Zero-Shot Deepfake Attributioncited by 1
  28. 2025Towards Real-World Deepfake Detection: A Diverse In-the-wild Dataset of Forgery Facescited by 1
  29. 2025Through the Lens: Benchmarking Deepfake Detectors Against Moir'e-Induced Distortionscited by 1
  30. 2025A Dual-Branch CNN for Robust Detection of AI-Generated Facial Forgeriescited by 1
  31. 2026REFA: Real-time Egocentric Facial Animations for Virtual Realitycited by 1
  32. 2026Al'em do Desempenho: Um Estudo da Confiabilidade de Detectores de Deepfakescited by 1
  33. 2026Safeguarding Facial Identity against Diffusion-based Face Swapping via Cascading Pathway Disruptioncited by 1
  34. 2026AlphaFace: High Fidelity and Real-time Face Swapper Robust to Facial Posecited by 1
  35. 2026Beauty and the Beast: Imperceptible Perturbations Against Diffusion-Based Face Swapping via Directional Attribute Editingcited by 1
  36. 2026Towards High Fidelity Face Swapping: A Comprehensive Survey and New Benchmarkcited by 1
  37. 2026Transferable Attack against Face Swapping in an Extended Spacecited by 1
  38. 2026Why Fake ? Unveiling the Semantic Vocabulary of Deepfake Detectorscited by 1

50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)

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  1. 2024Face Adapter for Pre-Trained Diffusion Models with Fine-Grained ID and Attribute Control
  2. 2024HiFiVFS: High Fidelity Video Face Swapping
  3. 2026Diff-ID: Identity Consistent Facial Image Generation and Morphing via Diffusion Models
  4. 2022Facke: a Survey on Generative Models for Face Swapping
  5. 2024DiffusionAct: Controllable Diffusion Autoencoder for One-shot Face Reenactment
  6. 2025FLUX-Makeup: High-Fidelity, Identity-Consistent, and Robust Makeup Transfer via Diffusion Transformer
  7. 2024Controllable Face Synthesis with Semantic Latent Diffusion Models
  8. 2025Diffusion-based Adversarial Identity Manipulation for Facial Privacy Protection