mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SimSwap: An Efficient Framework For High Fidelity Face Swapping

arXiv 2106.06340 ↗First posted 11 Jun 2021cs.CVcited by 243

Not on the map. Why?

Cited by 32 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We propose an efficient framework, called Simple Swap (SimSwap), aiming for generalized and high fidelity face swapping. In contrast to previous approaches that either lack the ability to generalize to arbitrary identity or fail to preserve attributes like facial expression and gaze direction, our framework is capable of transferring the identity of an arbitrary source face into an arbitrary target face while preserving the attributes of the target face. We overcome the above defects in the following two ways. First, we present the ID Injection Module (IIM) which transfers the identity information of the source face into the target face at feature level. By using this module, we extend the architecture of an identity-specific face swapping algorithm to a framework for arbitrary face swapping. Second, we propose the Weak Feature Matching Loss which efficiently helps our framework to preserve the facial attributes in an implicit way. Extensive experiments on wild faces demonstrate that our SimSwap is able to achieve competitive identity performance while preserving attributes better than previous state-of-the-art methods. The code is already available on github: https://github.com/neuralchen/SimSwap.

Key facts. Cited by 243 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2021.

Builds on

24 of 34 references.

References · 24

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  4. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  5. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  6. 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,679
  7. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  8. 2017Improved Training of Wasserstein GANscited by 2,223
  9. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  10. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  11. 2017High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANscited by 1,176
  12. 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,095
12 more
  1. 2018CosFace: Large Margin Cosine Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 968
  2. 2017VGGFace2: A dataset for recognising faces across pose and agecited by 911
  3. 2019MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulationcited by 624
  4. 2019FSGAN: Subject Agnostic Face Swapping and Reenactmentcited by 319
  5. 2019Few-Shot Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 222
  6. 2019FaceShifter: Towards High Fidelity And Occlusion Aware Face Swappingcited by 221
  7. 2017Fine-Grained Head Pose Estimation Without Keypointscited by 163
  8. 2016Fast Face-swap Using Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 119
  9. 2018Towards Open-Set Identity Preserving Face Synthesiscited by 74
  10. 2017On Face Segmentation, Face Swapping, and Face Perceptioncited by 71
  11. 2018RSGAN: Face Swapping and Editing using Face and Hair Representation in Latent Spacescited by 50
  12. 2018FSNet: An Identity-Aware Generative Model for Image-based Face Swappingcited by 29

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 37; 2023: 37; 2024: 51; 2025: 65; 2026: 50.

243 papers.

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  1. 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
  2. 2022Implicit Identity Leakage: The Stumbling Block to Improving Deepfake Detection Generalizationcited by 122
  3. 2023Detecting and Grounding Multi-Modal Media Manipulationcited by 98
  4. 2021HifiFace: 3D Shape and Semantic Prior Guided High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 92
  5. 2022DiffFace: Diffusion-based Face Swapping with Facial Guidancecited by 77
  6. 2022Fine-Grained Face Swapping via Regional GAN Inversioncited by 67
  7. 2023BlendFace: Re-designing Identity Encoders for Face-Swappingcited by 66
  8. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
  9. 2024Face Adapter for Pre-Trained Diffusion Models with Fine-Grained ID and Attribute Controlcited by 66
  10. 2022High-resolution Face Swapping via Latent Semantics Disentanglementcited by 57
  11. 2023Detecting and Grounding Multi-Modal Media Manipulation and Beyondcited by 55
  12. 2025Is Artificial Intelligence Generated Image Detection a Solved Problem?cited by 49
38 more
  1. 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
  2. 2022Region-Aware Face Swappingcited by 45
  3. 2022FaceDancer: Pose- and Occlusion-Aware High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 44
  4. 2023SepMark: Deep Separable Watermarking for Unified Source Tracing and Deepfake Detectioncited by 43
  5. 2022MobileFaceSwap: A Lightweight Framework for Video Face Swappingcited by 39
  6. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  7. 2024Realistic and Efficient Face Swapping: A Unified Approach with Diffusion Modelscited by 35
  8. 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detectioncited by 35
  9. 2025InfiniteYou: Flexible Photo Recrafting While Preserving Your Identitycited by 34
  10. 2021Smooth-Swap: A Simple Enhancement for Face-Swapping with Smoothnesscited by 30
  11. 2024V2A-Mark: Versatile Deep Visual-Audio Watermarking for Manipulation Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 27
  12. 2023Locate and Verify: A Two-Stream Network for Improved Deepfake Detectioncited by 26
  13. 2024Towards a Simultaneous and Granular Identity-Expression Control in Personalized Face Generationcited by 26
  14. 2021TAFIM: Targeted Adversarial Attacks against Facial Image Manipulationscited by 25
  15. 2022Restricted Black-box Adversarial Attack Against DeepFake Face Swappingcited by 25
  16. 2022GLFF: Global and Local Feature Fusion for AI-synthesized Image Detectioncited by 25
  17. 2024CharacterFactory: Sampling Consistent Characters with GANs for Diffusion Modelscited by 24
  18. 2023DFIL: Deepfake Incremental Learning by Exploiting Domain-invariant Forgery Cluescited by 23
  19. 2022Self-supervised Transformer for Deepfake Detectioncited by 22
  20. 2023Controllable Inversion of Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusioncited by 22
  21. 2024LampMark: Proactive Deepfake Detection via Training-Free Landmark Perceptual Watermarkscited by 21
  22. 2022Few-Shot Head Swapping in the Wildcited by 20
  23. 2022Deep Convolutional Pooling Transformer for Deepfake Detectioncited by 19
  24. 2022FaceSigns: Semi-Fragile Neural Watermarks for Media Authentication and Countering Deepfakescited by 18
  25. 2023Deep Learning Technique for Human Parsing: A Survey and Outlookcited by 18
  26. 2024Face Anonymization Made Simplecited by 18
  27. 2025Celeb-DF++: A Large-scale Challenging Video DeepFake Benchmark for Generalizable Forensicscited by 18
  28. 2022Digital and Physical Face Attacks: Reviewing and One Step Furthercited by 17
  29. 2023Robust Identity Perceptual Watermark Against Deepfake Face Swappingcited by 17
  30. 2024Unified Physical-Digital Face Attack Detectioncited by 17
  31. 2024ReSyncer: Rewiring Style-based Generator for Unified Audio-Visually Synced Facial Performercited by 16
  32. 2025CanonSwap: High-Fidelity and Consistent Video Face Swapping via Canonical Space Modulationcited by 16
  33. 2024Disrupting Diffusion: Token-Level Attention Erasure Attack against Diffusion-based Customizationcited by 15
  34. 2022My Face My Choice: Privacy Enhancing Deepfakes for Social Media Anonymizationcited by 14
  35. 2023A Generalist FaceX via Learning Unified Facial Representationcited by 13
  36. 2024Multimodal Misinformation Detection by Learning from Synthetic Data with Multimodal LLMscited by 13
  37. 2022Learning Disentangled Representation for One-shot Progressive Face Swappingcited by 12
  38. 2022HS-Diffusion: Semantic-Mixing Diffusion for Head Swappingcited by 12

50 most cited of 243 All 243 (JSON)