mlsanityData to 19 Oct 2026

3D watermarking and steganography

29 papers0 this weekHigh confidence in this grouping: the papers form one clear topicHigh confidence in this grouping: the papers form one clear topic · About

Keywords: watermarking, dgs, watermark, protection, copyright

Key facts. 3D watermarking and steganography: 29 papers on arXiv since 2024 (data through 19 Oct 2026). 17 of its 29 mapped papers (59%) cite “GS-Hider: Hiding Messages into 3D Gaussian Splatting” (2024, arXiv 2405.15118). 1 new paper 1 Oct–19 Oct.

What’s new

1 Oct – 19 Oct 2026

1 new since 1 Oct

  1. FlyMark: Training-Free Invisible Watermarking of 3D Gaussian Splatting via a Fruit Fly Connectome

Foundations

Most cited by papers here

  1. GS-Hider: Hiding Messages into 3D Gaussian Splatting2024cited by 17 here
  2. GaussianMarker: Uncertainty-Aware Copyright Protection of 3D Gaussian Splatting2024cited by 13 here
  3. GuardSplat: Efficient and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting2024cited by 12 here
  4. 3D-GSW: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Robust Watermarking2024cited by 10 here
  5. SecureGS: Boosting the Security and Fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganography2025cited by 7 here

Lineage

The papers this direction builds on, oldest first.

Each paper on the line cites the one before.

  1. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 6 here
  2. 2023Neural Point Catacaustics for Novel-View Synthesis of Reflectionscited by 5 here
  3. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 28 here
  4. 2023Dynamic 3D Gaussians: Tracking by Persistent Dynamic View Synthesiscited by 6 here
  5. 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 6 here
  6. 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 9 here
  7. 2023GaussianEditor: Swift and Controllable 3D Editing with Gaussian Splattingcited by 10 here
  8. 2024GS-Hider: Hiding Messages into 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 17 here
  9. 2024GuardSplat: Efficient and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 12 here
15 more it builds on, not in this chain
  1. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 13 here
  2. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 5 here
  3. 2022StegaNeRF: Embedding Invisible Information within Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 17 here
  4. 2023CopyRNeRF: Protecting the CopyRight of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 19 here
  5. 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 9 here
  6. 2023GaussianDreamer: Fast Generation from Text to 3D Gaussians by Bridging 2D and 3D Diffusion Modelscited by 7 here
  7. 2023SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Renderingcited by 5 here
  8. 2023Mip-Splatting: Alias-free 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 8 here
  9. 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 9 here
  10. 2023Triplane Meets Gaussian Splatting: Fast and Generalizable Single-View 3D Reconstruction with Transformerscited by 7 here
  11. 2024WateRF: Robust Watermarks in Radiance Fields for Protection of Copyrightscited by 19 here
  12. 2024Protecting NeRFs' Copyright via Plug-And-Play Watermarking Base Modelcited by 13 here
  13. 20243D-GSW: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Robust Watermarkingcited by 10 here
  14. 2024GaussianMarker: Uncertainty-Aware Copyright Protection of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 13 here
  15. 2025SecureGS: Boosting the Security and Fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganographycited by 7 here

The 24 most cited of 222.

Browse

24 of 29, ranked 6–29

  1. 6GaussianStego: A Generalizable Stenography Pipeline for Generative 3D Gaussians Splatting20245
  2. 7Geometry Cloak: Preventing TGS-based 3D Reconstruction from Copyrighted Images20245
  3. 8GS-Marker: Generalizable and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting20254
  4. 9MarkSplatter: Generalizable Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting Model via Splatter Image Structure20254
  5. 10Can Protective Watermarking Safeguard the Copyright of 3D Gaussian Splatting?20252
  6. 11ConcealGS: Concealing Invisible Copyright Information in 3D Gaussian Splatting20251
  7. 12X-SG2S: Safe and Generalizable Gaussian Splatting with X-dimensional Watermarks20251
  8. 13GaussianSeal: Rooting Adaptive Watermarks for 3D Gaussian Generation Model20251
  9. 14All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Key-Secured 3D Secrets within 3D Gaussian Splatting20251
  10. 15GS-Checker: Tampering Localization for 3D Gaussian Splatting20251
All 24
  1. 16RDSplat: Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting Against 2D and 3D Diffusion Editing20251
  2. 17Splats in Splats: Robust and Effective 3D Steganography towards Gaussian Splatting20241
  3. 18Position: 3D Gaussian Splatting Watermarking Should Be Scenario-Driven and Threat-Model Explicit20260
  4. 19Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Survey20260
  5. 20StegoNGP: 3D Cryptographic Steganography using Instant-NGP20260
  6. 21Where, What, Why: Toward Explainable 3D-GS Watermarking20260
  7. 22Splats in Splats++: Robust and Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganography20260
  8. 23GuardMarkGS: Unified Ownership Tracing and Edit Deterrence for 3D Gaussian Splatting20260
  9. 244D-GSW: Kinematic-Aware Spatio-Temporal Consistent Watermarking for 4D Gaussian Splatting20260
  10. 25BitC-3DGS: High-Capacity 3D Gaussian Splatting Watermarking via Bit Compression20260
  11. 26IBRSteG: Learning a Generalizable Steganography Framework for 3D Gaussian Splatting20260
  12. 27NGS-Marker: Robust Native Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splatting20260
  13. 28CompMarkGS: Robust Watermarking for Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting20250
  14. 29MultiNeRF: Multiple Watermark Embedding for Neural Radiance Fields20250