GaussianStego: A Generalizable Stenography Pipeline for Generative 3D Gaussians Splatting
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advancements in large generative models and real-time neural rendering using point-based techniques pave the way for a future of widespread visual data distribution through sharing synthesized 3D assets. However, while standardized methods for embedding proprietary or copyright information, either overtly or subtly, exist for conventional visual content such as images and videos, this issue remains unexplored for emerging generative 3D formats like Gaussian Splatting. We present GaussianStego, a method for embedding steganographic information in the rendering of generated 3D assets. Our approach employs an optimization framework that enables the accurate extraction of hidden information from images rendered using Gaussian assets derived from large models, while maintaining their original visual quality. We conduct preliminary evaluations of our method across several potential deployment scenarios and discuss issues identified through analysis. GaussianStego represents an initial exploration into the novel challenge of embedding customizable, imperceptible, and recoverable information within the renders produced by current 3D generative models, while ensuring minimal impact on the rendered content's quality.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2024.
Builds on
51 of 69 references.
References · 51
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,141
- 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
- 2022Objaverse: A Universe of Annotated 3D Objectscited by 1,522
- 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Objectcited by 1,483
- 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 1,285
- 2023DreamGaussian: Generative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Content Creationcited by 837
- 2023LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for Single Image to 3Dcited by 834
- 2023Objaverse-XL: A Universe of 10M+ 3D Objectscited by 767
- 2024LGM: Large Multi-View Gaussian Model for High-Resolution 3D Content Creationcited by 730
- 2022Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Promptscited by 694
- 2023A Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 667
38 more
- 2023SyncDreamer: Generating Multiview-consistent Images from a Single-view Imagecited by 638
- 2023One-2-3-45: Any Single Image to 3D Mesh in 45 Seconds without Per-Shape Optimizationcited by 555
- 2018HiDDeN: Hiding Data With Deep Networkscited by 384
- 2023Instant3D: Fast Text-to-3D with Sparse-View Generation and Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 376
- 2022Rodin: A Generative Model for Sculpting 3D Digital Avatars Using Diffusioncited by 309
- 2023Text-to-3D using Gaussian Splattingcited by 299
- 2023The Stable Signature: Rooting Watermarks in Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 289
- 2019StegaStamp: Invisible Hyperlinks in Physical Photographscited by 256
- 2023Michelangelo: Conditional 3D Shape Generation based on Shape-Image-Text Aligned Latent Representationcited by 225
- 2024A Survey on 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 221
- 2023DMV3D: Denoising Multi-View Diffusion using 3D Large Reconstruction Modelcited by 213
- 2022DiffRF: Rendering-Guided 3D Radiance Field Diffusioncited by 204
- 2020Artificial Fingerprinting for Generative Models: Rooting Deepfake Attribution in Training Datacited by 200
- 2023MeshDiffusion: Score-based Generative 3D Mesh Modelingcited by 198
- 2023Single-Stage Diffusion NeRF: A Unified Approach to 3D Generation and Reconstructioncited by 180
- 2024U-KAN Makes Strong Backbone for Medical Image Segmentation and Generationcited by 176
- 2023PF-LRM: Pose-Free Large Reconstruction Model for Joint Pose and Shape Predictioncited by 165
- 2023A Recipe for Watermarking Diffusion Modelscited by 136
- 2022Is Attention All That NeRF Needs?cited by 113
- 2017Generating Steganographic Images via Adversarial Trainingcited by 57
- 2024Endora: Video Generation Models as Endoscopy Simulatorscited by 53
- 2020Few-shot Medical Image Segmentation using a Global Correlation Network with Discriminative Embeddingcited by 48
- 2023Large-Vocabulary 3D Diffusion Model with Transformercited by 48
- 2023Mosaic-SDF for 3D Generative Modelscited by 48
- 2023FeatureNeRF: Learning Generalizable NeRFs by Distilling Foundation Modelscited by 47
- 2022Aug-NeRF: Training Stronger Neural Radiance Fields with Triple-Level Physically-Grounded Augmentationscited by 46
- 2021Domain Generalization on Medical Imaging Classification using Episodic Training with Task Augmentationcited by 33
- 2023PrimDiffusion: Volumetric Primitives Diffusion for 3D Human Generationcited by 33
- 2022StegaNeRF: Embedding Invisible Information within Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 32
- 2024WateRF: Robust Watermarks in Radiance Fields for Protection of Copyrightscited by 25
- 2021Deep 3D-to-2D Watermarking: Embedding Messages in 3D Meshes and Extracting Them from 2D Renderingscited by 23
- 2022Knowledge Condensation Distillationcited by 20
- 2023Learning to Estimate 6DoF Pose from Limited Data: A Few-Shot, Generalizable Approach using RGB Imagescited by 18
- 2021Consistent Posterior Distributions under Vessel-Mixing: A Regularization for Cross-Domain Retinal Artery/Vein Classificationcited by 15
- 2021Hierarchical Deep Network with Uncertainty-aware Semi-supervised Learning for Vessel Segmentationcited by 15
- 2023Securing Deep Generative Models with Universal Adversarial Signaturecited by 13
- 2020Generator Versus Segmentor: Pseudo-healthy Synthesiscited by 12
- 2022AFSC: Adaptive Fourier Space Compression for Anomaly Detectioncited by 12
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
11 papers.
- 2025SecureGS: Boosting the Security and Fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganographycited by 14
- 2024GTP-4o: Modality-prompted Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Omni-modal Biomedical Representationcited by 7
- 2025GaussTrap: Stealthy Poisoning Attacks on 3D Gaussian Splatting for Targeted Scene Confusioncited by 6
- 2024When 3D Partial Points Meets SAM: Tooth Point Cloud Segmentation with Sparse Labelscited by 5
- 2024The Brittleness of AI-Generated Image Watermarking Techniques: Examining Their Robustness Against Visual Paraphrasing Attackscited by 4
- 2025GaussianSeal: Rooting Adaptive Watermarks for 3D Gaussian Generation Modelcited by 4
- 2025ConcealGS: Concealing Invisible Copyright Information in 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
- 2025HEROS-GAN: Honed-Energy Regularized and Optimal Supervised GAN for Enhancing Accuracy and Range of Low-Cost Accelerometerscited by 3
- 2026Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Surveycited by 2
- 2025X-SG2S: Safe and Generalizable Gaussian Splatting with X-dimensional Watermarkscited by 1
- 2026PatchPoison: Poisoning Multi-View Datasets to Degrade 3D Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026PatchPoison: Poisoning Multi-View Datasets to Degrade 3D Reconstruction14 Apr 2026
- 2026Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Survey2 Feb 2026
- 2025GaussTrap: Stealthy Poisoning Attacks on 3D Gaussian Splatting for Targeted Scene Confusion29 Apr 2025
- 2025SecureGS: Boosting the Security and Fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganography8 Mar 2025
- 2025GaussianSeal: Rooting Adaptive Watermarks for 3D Gaussian Generation Model1 Mar 2025
- 2025HEROS-GAN: Honed-Energy Regularized and Optimal Supervised GAN for Enhancing Accuracy and Range of Low-Cost Accelerometers25 Feb 2025
- 2025X-SG2S: Safe and Generalizable Gaussian Splatting with X-dimensional Watermarks13 Feb 2025
- 2025ConcealGS: Concealing Invisible Copyright Information in 3D Gaussian Splatting7 Jan 2025
- 2024When 3D Partial Points Meets SAM: Tooth Point Cloud Segmentation with Sparse Labels3 Sep 2024
- 2024The Brittleness of AI-Generated Image Watermarking Techniques: Examining Their Robustness Against Visual Paraphrasing Attacks19 Aug 2024
- 2024GTP-4o: Modality-prompted Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Omni-modal Biomedical Representation8 Jul 2024