mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Protecting NeRFs' Copyright via Plug-And-Play Watermarking Base Model

arXiv 2407.07735 ↗First posted 10 Jul 2024cs.CVcited by 18

On the map: LLM safety and security → Watermarking generated content and models

Abstract (arXiv)

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have become a key method for 3D scene representation. With the rising prominence and influence of NeRF, safeguarding its intellectual property has become increasingly important. In this paper, we propose NeRFProtector, which adopts a plug-and-play strategy to protect NeRF's copyright during its creation. NeRFProtector utilizes a pre-trained watermarking base model, enabling NeRF creators to embed binary messages directly while creating their NeRF. Our plug-and-play property ensures NeRF creators can flexibly choose NeRF variants without excessive modifications. Leveraging our newly designed progressive distillation, we demonstrate performance on par with several leading-edge neural rendering methods. Our project is available at: urlhttps://qsong2001.github.io/NeRFProtector.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Watermarking generated content and models, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 36 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jul 2024.

Builds on

36 of 53 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023The Stable Signature: Rooting Watermarks in Latent Diffusion Models27 Mar

Other references · 35

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  5. 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,326
  6. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  7. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,698
  8. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusioncited by 3,006
  9. 2021Plenoxels: Radiance Fields without Neural Networkscited by 1,607
  10. 2020pixelNeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from One or Few Imagescited by 1,574
  11. 2023Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Objectcited by 1,483
  12. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creationcited by 1,285
23 more
  1. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 1,275
  2. 2018Variational image compression with a scale hyperpriorcited by 910
  3. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  4. 2018Joint Autoregressive and Hierarchical Priors for Learned Image Compressioncited by 642
  5. 2020Learned Image Compression with Discretized Gaussian Mixture Likelihoods and Attention Modulescited by 570
  6. 2022Latent-NeRF for Shape-Guided Generation of 3D Shapes and Texturescited by 506
  7. 2018HiDDeN: Hiding Data With Deep Networkscited by 384
  8. 2021CLIP-NeRF: Text-and-Image Driven Manipulation of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 369
  9. 2023Make-It-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Creation from A Single Image with Diffusion Priorcited by 341
  10. 2020Invisible Backdoor Attack with Sample-Specific Triggerscited by 338
  11. 2019StegaStamp: Invisible Hyperlinks in Physical Photographscited by 256
  12. 2021Editing Conditional Radiance Fieldscited by 222
  13. 2022NeRF-Editing: Geometry Editing of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 216
  14. 2021MBRS : Enhancing Robustness of DNN-based Watermarking by Mini-Batch of Real and Simulated JPEG Compressioncited by 108
  15. 2022NeRF-SOS: Any-View Self-supervised Object Segmentation on Complex Scenescited by 71
  16. 2019SteganoGAN: High Capacity Image Steganography with GANscited by 70
  17. 2022R2L: Distilling Neural Radiance Field to Neural Light Field for Efficient Novel View Synthesiscited by 69
  18. 2023CopyRNeRF: Protecting the CopyRight of Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 33
  19. 2022StegaNeRF: Embedding Invisible Information within Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 32
  20. 2021Deep 3D-to-2D Watermarking: Embedding Messages in 3D Meshes and Extracting Them from 2D Renderingscited by 23
  21. 2024Graph Neural Network Explanations are Fragilecited by 18
  22. 2024Spy-Watermark: Robust Invisible Watermarking for Backdoor Attackcited by 7
  23. 2024Colorizing Monochromatic Radiance Fieldscited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.

18 papers.

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  1. 2024GaussianMarker: Uncertainty-Aware Copyright Protection of 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 20
  2. 2024GuardSplat: Efficient and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
  3. 2024Geometry Cloak: Preventing TGS-based 3D Reconstruction from Copyrighted Imagescited by 15
  4. 2025All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Key-Secured 3D Secrets within 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
  5. 2025SecureGS: Boosting the Security and Fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganographycited by 14
  6. 2025GaussianSeal: Rooting Adaptive Watermarks for 3D Gaussian Generation Modelcited by 4
  7. 2025FontGuard: A Robust Font Watermarking Approach Leveraging Deep Font Knowledgecited by 3
  8. 2025GS-Checker: Tampering Localization for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 3
  9. 2025NTK-Guided Implicit Neural Teachingcited by 2
  10. 2026Intellectual Property Protection for 3D Gaussian Splatting Assets: A Surveycited by 2
  11. 2025Creating Blank Canvas Against AI-enabled Image Forgerycited by 1
  12. 2026GaussTrace: Provenance Analysis of 3D Gaussian Splatting Models with Evidence-based LLM Reasoningcited by 1
6 more
  1. 2025MultiNeRF: Multiple Watermark Embedding for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 0
  2. 2026StegoNGP: 3D Cryptographic Steganography using Instant-NGPcited by 0
  3. 2026Efficient, Robust, and Anti-Collusion Fingerprinting of Image Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  4. 2026IBRSteG: Learning a Generalizable Steganography Framework for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  5. 2026NGS-Marker: Robust Native Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  6. 2026Generating Multi-view Adversarial Examples for Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 0