mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Qwen-AgentWorld: Language World Models for General Agents

arXiv 2606.24597 ↗First posted 23 Jun 2026cs.CLcited by 22

On the map: World models → World models for language agents

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Abstract (arXiv)

A world model predicts environment dynamics based on current observations and actions, serving as a core cognitive mechanism for reasoning and planning. In this work, we investigate how world modeling based on language models can further push the boundaries of general agents. (i) We first focus on building foundation models for agentic environment simulation. We introduce Qwen-AgentWorld-35B-A3B and Qwen-AgentWorld-397B-A17B, the first language world models capable of simulating agentic environments covering 7 domains via long chain-of-thought reasoning. Leveraging more than 10M environment interaction trajectories of 7 domains in real-world environments, we develop Qwen-AgentWorld through a three-stage training pipeline: CPT injects general-purpose world modeling capabilities from the state transition dynamics and augmented professional corpora, SFT activates next-state-prediction reasoning, and RL sharpens simulation fidelity through a tailored framework with hybrid rubric-and-rule rewards. To evaluate language world models, we present AgentWorldBench, a comprehensive benchmark constructed from real-world interactions of 5 frontier models on 9 established benchmarks. Empirical results demonstrate that Qwen-AgentWorld significantly outperforms existing frontier models. (ii) Beyond foundation models, we further investigate two complementary paradigms through which world modeling enhances general agents. First, as a decoupled environment simulator, Qwen-AgentWorld supports scalable and controllable simulation of thousands of real-world environments for agentic RL, yielding gains that surpass real-environment training alone. Second, as a unified agent foundation model, world-model training acts as a highly effective warm-up that improves downstream performance across 7 agentic benchmarks. Code: https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-AgentWorld

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for language agents, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 102 of its 135 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jun 2026.

Builds on

102 of 135 references.

Closest ancestors · 30

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Bridging the Agent-World Gap: Text World Models for LLM-based Agents8 Jun
  2. 2026ECHO: Terminal Agents Learn World Models for Free23 May
  3. 2026Agentic World Modeling: Foundations, Capabilities, Laws, and Beyond24 Apr
  4. 2026Beyond State Consistency: Behavior Consistency in Text-Based World Models15 Apr
  5. 2026Foundation World Models for Agents that Learn, Verify, and Adapt Reliably Beyond Static Environments27 Feb
  6. 2026World-Model-Augmented Web Agents with Action Correction17 Feb
  7. 2026WebWorld: A Large-Scale World Model for Web Agent Training16 Feb
  8. 2026Agent World Model: Infinity Synthetic Environments for Agentic Reinforcement Learning10 Feb
  9. 2026Debugging code world models7 Feb
  10. 2026Reinforcement World Model Learning for LLM-based Agents5 Feb
  11. 2026General Agents Contain World Models, even under Partial Observability and Stochasticity3 Feb
  12. 2026World Models as an Intermediary between Agents and the Real World31 Jan
18 more
  1. 2026DynaWeb: Model-Based Reinforcement Learning of Web Agents29 Jan
  2. 2026Aligning Agentic World Models via Knowledgeable Experience Learning19 Jan
  3. 2026Imagine-then-Plan: Agent Learning from Adaptive Lookahead with World Models13 Jan
  4. 2026Current Agents Fail to Leverage World Model as Tool for Foresight7 Jan
  5. 2025Agent2World: Learning to Generate Symbolic World Models via Adaptive Multi-Agent Feedback26 Dec
  6. 2025From Word to World: Can Large Language Models be Implicit Text-based World Models?21 Dec
  7. 2025PAN: A World Model for General, Actionable, and Long-Horizon World Simulation12 Nov
  8. 2025VAGEN: Reinforcing World Model Reasoning for Multi-Turn VLM Agents19 Oct
  9. 2025Why Do LLM Agents Fail in Exploring New Environments? A World-Modeling Perspective16 Oct
  10. 2025Code World Models for General Game Playing6 Oct
  11. 2025CWM: An Open-Weights LLM for Research on Code Generation with World Models30 Sep
  12. 2025WebSynthesis: World-Model-Guided MCTS for Efficient WebUI-Trajectory Synthesis6 Jul
  13. 2025WorldLLM: Improving LLMs' world modeling using curiosity-driven theory-making7 Jun
  14. 2025World Modelling Improves Language Model Agents3 Jun
  15. 2025General agents contain world models2 Jun
  16. 2025Text2World: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Symbolic World Model Generation18 Feb
  17. 2024Is Your LLM Secretly a World Model of the Internet? Model-Based Planning for Web Agents10 Nov
  18. 2024Web Agents with World Models: Learning and Leveraging Environment Dynamics in Web Navigation17 Oct

Other references · 72

  1. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  2. 2023Mastering Diverse Domains through World Modelscited by 1,193
  3. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
  4. 2026DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligencecited by 877
  5. 2025Group Sequence Policy Optimizationcited by 788
  6. 2025V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planningcited by 738
  7. 2026Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfacescited by 515
  8. 2026GLM-5: from Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineeringcited by 502
  9. 2026Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligencecited by 449
  10. 2023Learning Interactive Real-World Simulatorscited by 440
  11. 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policiescited by 411
  12. 2025RAGEN: Understanding Self-Evolution in LLM Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 357
38 more
  1. 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domainscited by 328
  2. 2022Transformers are Sample-Efficient World Modelscited by 317
  3. 2024Diffusion Models Are Real-Time Game Enginescited by 282
  4. 2025SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?cited by 254
  5. 2025ZeroSearch: Incentivize the Search Capability of LLMs without Searchingcited by 203
  6. 2025World Simulation with Video Foundation Models for Physical AIcited by 183
  7. 2025GDPval: Evaluating AI Model Performance on Real-World Economically Valuable Taskscited by 142
  8. 2025Training Agents Inside of Scalable World Modelscited by 122
  9. 2025Agent Learning via Early Experiencecited by 79
  10. 2025The Tool Decathlon: Benchmarking Language Agents for Diverse, Realistic, and Long-Horizon Task Executioncited by 73
  11. 2025Vid2World: Crafting Video Diffusion Models to Interactive World Modelscited by 67
  12. 2025WideSearch: Benchmarking Agentic Broad Info-Seekingcited by 66
  13. 2026Rethinking Rubric Generation for Improving LLM Judge and Reward Modeling for Open-ended Taskscited by 55
  14. 2025Simulating Environments with Reasoning Models for Agent Trainingcited by 52
  15. 2025Towards General Agentic Intelligence via Environment Scalingcited by 51
  16. 2026EvoCUA: Evolving Computer Use Agents via Learning from Scalable Synthetic Experiencecited by 51
  17. 2024Can Language Models Serve as Text-Based World Simulators?cited by 50
  18. 2026EnvScaler: Scaling Tool-Interactive Environments for LLM Agent via Programmatic Synthesiscited by 46
  19. 2026Endless Terminals: Scaling RL Environments for Terminal Agentscited by 43
  20. 2026World Model for Robot Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 42
  21. 2025Scaling Agents via Continual Pre-trainingcited by 39
  22. 2025RLVR-World: Training World Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 38
  23. 2025MCPMark: A Benchmark for Stress-Testing Realistic and Comprehensive MCP Usecited by 37
  24. 2026Agent-World: Scaling Real-World Environment Synthesis for Evolving General Agent Intelligencecited by 35
  25. 2025GenEnv: Difficulty-Aligned Co-Evolution Between LLM Agents and Environment Simulatorscited by 34
  26. 2026Reward Hacking in the Era of Large Models: Mechanisms, Emergent Misalignment, Challengescited by 30
  27. 2026InfiniteWeb: Scalable Web Environment Synthesis for GUI Agent Trainingcited by 26
  28. 2026Code2World: A GUI World Model via Renderable Code Generationcited by 26
  29. 2026TermiGen: High-Fidelity Environment and Robust Trajectory Synthesis for Terminal Agentscited by 24
  30. 2026ScaleEnv: Scaling Environment Synthesis from Scratch for Generalist Interactive Tool-Use Agent Trainingcited by 23
  31. 2026MobileDreamer: Generative Sketch World Model for GUI Agentcited by 21
  32. 2026SWE-World: Building Software Engineering Agents in Docker-Free Environmentscited by 21
  33. 2026Immersion in the GitHub Universe: Scaling Coding Agents to Masterycited by 20
  34. 2026AutoWebWorld: Synthesizing Infinite Verifiable Web Environments via Finite State Machinescited by 20
  35. 2026WebGym: Scaling Training Environments for Visual Web Agents with Realistic Taskscited by 19
  36. 2026RLAnything: Forge Environment, Policy, and Reward Model in Completely Dynamic RL Systemcited by 19
  37. 2025LLMs as Scalable, General-Purpose Simulators For Evolving Digital Agent Trainingcited by 17
  38. 2026SWE-Universe: Scale Real-World Verifiable Environments to Millionscited by 16

50 most cited of 72 All 72 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 22.

22 papers.

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  1. 2026EnvHarness: Awakening Static Worlds for Agent Learningcited by 7
  2. 2026Harness-Zero: Harness Distillation via Agent-as-Harnesscited by 3
  3. 2026AppDeltaWorld: Transition-Grounded Delta Code World Model for Mobile GUI Agentscited by 2
  4. 2026EnvACE: Internalizing Environment Dynamics via World Rehearsal for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  5. 2026Scaling Large Reasoning Models beyond Human Supervision: A Path toward Superintelligencecited by 2
  6. 2026Volumetric Radiology AI in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
  7. 2026AgentMercury: Your Agent Can Synthesize Verifiable Environments for Business Scenarios at scalecited by 0
  8. 2026Move by Move: Measuring and Steering How LLMs Conduct Psychotherapycited by 0
  9. 2026World Model-Guided Reinforcement Learning via Counterfactual User Engagement Simulationcited by 0
  10. 2026Scored vs. Generated Readouts in Behavioral Language Models: An Empirical Study of Elicitation Formatcited by 0
  11. 2026Don't Mask the Environment: Observation Supervision Changes How Agents Explore Under RLcited by 0
  12. 2026Dual-Frontier: When Can an Agent Trust Its World Model?cited by 0
10 more
  1. 2026Agent-Editing World Model: Rethinking World Modeling for LLM Agentscited by 0
  2. 2026Back to the Definition: Estimating Step-Level Advantages via Trajectory Graphs for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  3. 2026ExplorationBench: Measuring AI Systems' Exploration in Verifiable Alien Worldscited by 0
  4. 2026CUA-Sandbox: Efficient Environments for Computer-Use Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  5. 2026CompoWorld: Compositional Environment Scaling for General Agentscited by 0
  6. 2026TomasuLLM: Out-of-Order Speculative Execution for LLM Agentscited by 0
  7. 2026WorkGenesis: Building the Worlds That Teach Agents to Workcited by 0
  8. 2026Mid-Harness: Scaling Actions Between Model and Harness for Terminal Agentscited by 0
  9. 2026Federated Agent Optimizationcited by 0
  10. 2026AutoGUIWorld: Image Generators as Visual World Models for GUI Agentcited by 0

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  1. 2024Making Large Language Models into World Models with Precondition and Effect Knowledge
  2. 2026From Traces to Agentic Worlds: Agentic Language World Models for Interactive Environment Simulation
  3. 2025R-WoM: Retrieval-augmented World Model For Computer-use Agents
  4. 2026Why We Need World Models for AGI: Where LLMs Fail and How World Models May Outperform
  5. 2026World Agent: Can Language Models Keep a World Running?
  6. 2026A Survey of Agentic Reasoning for Large Language Models: Towards Recursively Self-Improving and Collective Agents
  7. 2024Enhancing Agent Learning through World Dynamics Modeling
  8. 2026World Reasoning Arena