HybridWorldSim: A Scalable and Controllable High-fidelity Simulator for Autonomous Driving
On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Generative simulation for driving
Abstract (arXiv)
Realistic and controllable simulation is critical for advancing end-to-end autonomous driving, yet existing approaches often struggle to support novel view synthesis under large viewpoint changes or to ensure geometric consistency. We introduce HybridWorldSim, a hybrid simulation framework that integrates multi-traversal neural reconstruction for static backgrounds with generative modeling for dynamic agents. This unified design addresses key limitations of previous methods, enabling the creation of diverse and high-fidelity driving scenarios with reliable visual and spatial consistency. To facilitate robust benchmarking, we further release a new multi-traversal dataset MIRROR that captures a wide range of routes and environmental conditions across different cities. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HybridWorldSim surpasses previous state-of-the-art methods, providing a practical and scalable solution for high-fidelity simulation and a valuable resource for research and development in autonomous driving.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Generative simulation for driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 61 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Nov 2025.
Builds on
61 of 77 references.
Closest ancestors · 13
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Epona: Autoregressive Diffusion World Model for Autonomous Driving30 Jun
- 2025STAGE: A Stream-Centric Generative World Model for Long-Horizon Driving-Scene Simulation16 Jun
- 2025Para-Lane: Multi-Lane Dataset Registering Parallel Scans for Benchmarking Novel View Synthesis21 Feb
- 2025MaskGWM: A Generalizable Driving World Model with Video Mask Reconstruction17 Feb
- 2024HUGSIM: A Real-Time, Photo-Realistic and Closed-Loop Simulator for Autonomous Driving2 Dec
- 2024DriveDreamer4D: World Models Are Effective Data Machines for 4D Driving Scene Representation17 Oct
- 2024RenderWorld: World Model with Self-Supervised 3D Label17 Sep
- 2024DriveArena: A Closed-loop Generative Simulation Platform for Autonomous Driving1 Aug
- 2024XLD: A Cross-Lane Dataset for Benchmarking Novel Driving View Synthesis26 Jun
- 2024Vista: A Generalizable Driving World Model with High Fidelity and Versatile Controllability27 May
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generation11 Mar
- 2024Editable Scene Simulation for Autonomous Driving via Collaborative LLM-Agents8 Feb
Other references · 48
- 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 6,226
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
- 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
- 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,449
- 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,305
- 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
- 2022Diffusion Models in Vision: A Surveycited by 1,015
- 2016Playing for Data: Ground Truth from Computer Gamescited by 818
- 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 788
- 2019Argoverse: 3D Tracking and Forecasting with Rich Mapscited by 732
- 2023Scaffold-GS: Structured 3D Gaussians for View-Adaptive Renderingcited by 695
36 more
- 2017AirSim: High-Fidelity Visual and Physical Simulation for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 523
- 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehiclescited by 493
- 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 490
- 2023UniSim: A Neural Closed-Loop Sensor Simulatorcited by 297
- 2023MagicDrive: Street View Generation with Diverse 3D Geometry Controlcited by 252
- 2024Bench2Drive: Towards Multi-Ability Benchmarking of Closed-Loop End-To-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 252
- 2023Panacea: Panoramic and Controllable Video Generation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 168
- 2024OmniRe: Omni Urban Scene Reconstructioncited by 161
- 2025Difix3D+: Improving 3D Reconstructions with Single-Step Diffusion Modelscited by 161
- 2023NeuRAD: Neural Rendering for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
- 2019Point-Based Multi-View Stereo Networkcited by 147
- 2023Periodic Vibration Gaussian: Dynamic Urban Scene Reconstruction and Real-time Renderingcited by 143
- 2018Scan2CAD: Learning CAD Model Alignment in RGB-D Scanscited by 142
- 2023Recent Advancements in End-to-End Autonomous Driving using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 103
- 2023Street-View Image Generation from a Bird's-Eye View Layoutcited by 102
- 2024MagicDrive-V2: High-Resolution Long Video Generation for Autonomous Driving with Adaptive Controlcited by 92
- 2024MagicDrive3D: Controllable 3D Generation for Any-View Rendering in Street Scenescited by 71
- 2018Cross-View Image Synthesis using Conditional GANscited by 69
- 2024SplatAD: Real-Time Lidar and Camera Rendering with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Autonomous Drivingcited by 69
- 2021ROCA: Robust CAD Model Retrieval and Alignment from a Single Imagecited by 67
- 2025A Survey: Learning Embodied Intelligence from Physical Simulators and World Modelscited by 51
- 2024DeSiRe-GS: 4D Street Gaussians for Static-Dynamic Decomposition and Surface Reconstruction for Urban Driving Scenescited by 45
- 2024DeferredGS: Decoupled and Editable Gaussian Splatting with Deferred Shadingcited by 41
- 20243DRealCar: An In-the-wild RGB-D Car Dataset with 360-degree Viewscited by 39
- 2020Deformation-Aware 3D Model Embedding and Retrievalcited by 30
- 2024S-NeRF++: Autonomous Driving Simulation via Neural Reconstruction and Generationcited by 28
- 2023UrbanGIRAFFE: Representing Urban Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 26
- 2023CADSim: Robust and Scalable in-the-wild 3D Reconstruction for Controllable Sensor Simulationcited by 26
- 2024LumiGauss: Relightable Gaussian Splatting in the Wildcited by 21
- 2020SAMP: Shape and Motion Priors for 4D Vehicle Reconstructioncited by 19
- 2025MTGS: Multi-Traversal Gaussian Splattingcited by 19
- 2024Multiagent Multitraversal Multimodal Self-Driving: Open MARS Datasetcited by 18
- 2024DriveEditor: A Unified 3D Information-Guided Framework for Controllable Object Editing in Driving Scenescited by 17
- 2024EMD: Explicit Motion Modeling for High-Quality Street Gaussian Splattingcited by 13
- 2025SceneCrafter: Controllable Multi-View Driving Scene Editingcited by 9
- 2024UrbanCAD: Towards Highly Controllable and Photorealistic 3D Vehicles for Urban Scene Simulationcited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
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- 2026Drive-HWM: Hierarchical World Models for Dynamic-Latent Guided Autonomous Driving
- 2026UniDWM: Towards a Unified Driving World Model via Multifaceted Representation Learning
- 2026AutoWorld: Learning Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation with Self-Supervised World Models
- 2025When Digital Twins Meet Large Language Models: Realistic, Interactive, and Editable Simulation for Autonomous Driving
- 2025GAIA-2: A Controllable Multi-View Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving
- 2024InfinityDrive: Breaking Time Limits in Driving World Models