Unified Multi-Modal Interactive & Reactive 3D Motion Generation via Rectified Flow
On the map: Diffusion models → Video generation
Abstract (arXiv)
Generating realistic, context-aware two-person motion conditioned on diverse modalities remains a fundamental challenge for graphics, animation and embodied AI systems. Real-world applications such as VR/AR companions, social robotics and game agents require models capable of producing coordinated interpersonal behaviour while flexibly switching between interactive and reactive generation. We introduce DualFlow, the first unified and efficient framework for multi-modal two-person motion generation. DualFlow conditions 3D motion generation on diverse inputs, including text, music, and prior motion sequences. Leveraging rectified flow, it achieves deterministic straight-line sampling paths between noise and data, reducing inference time and mitigating error accumulation common in diffusion-based models. To enhance semantic grounding, DualFlow employs a novel Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) module for two-person motion that retrieves motion exemplars using music features and LLM-based text decompositions of spatial relations, body movements, and rhythmic patterns. We use a contrastive rectified flow objective to further sharpen alignment with conditioning signals and add synchronisation loss to improve inter-person temporal coordination. Extensive evaluations across interactive, reactive, and multi-modal benchmarks demonstrate that DualFlow consistently improves motion quality, responsiveness, and semantic fidelity. DualFlow achieves state-of-the-art performance in two-person multi-modal motion generation, producing coherent, expressive, and rhythmically synchronized motion.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Video generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 40 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2025.
Builds on
40 of 50 references.
Closest ancestors · 10
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Two-in-One: Unified Multi-Person Interactive Motion Generation by Latent Diffusion Transformer21 Dec
- 2024MoRAG -- Multi-Fusion Retrieval Augmented Generation for Human Motion18 Sep
- 2024MotionLCM: Real-time Controllable Motion Generation via Latent Consistency Model30 Apr
- 2024Generating Human Interaction Motions in Scenes with Text Control16 Apr
- 2023Motion Flow Matching for Human Motion Synthesis and Editing14 Dec
- 2023InterGen: Diffusion-based Multi-human Motion Generation under Complex Interactions12 Apr
- 2023ReMoDiffuse: Retrieval-Augmented Motion Diffusion Model3 Apr
- 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Prior2 Mar
- 2022Human Motion Diffusion Model29 Sep
- 2022MotionDiffuse: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Diffusion Model31 Aug
Other references · 30
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,700
- 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,212
- 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,141
- 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,612
- 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 542
- 2022TEMOS: Generating diverse human motions from textual descriptionscited by 492
- 2022MoFusion: A Framework for Denoising-Diffusion-based Motion Synthesiscited by 218
- 2022Re-Imagen: Retrieval-Augmented Text-to-Image Generatorcited by 210
- 2023TMR: Text-to-Motion Retrieval Using Contrastive 3D Human Motion Synthesiscited by 198
18 more
- 2022KNN-Diffusion: Image Generation via Large-Scale Retrievalcited by 137
- 2023Animate-A-Story: Storytelling with Retrieval-Augmented Video Generationcited by 90
- 2022ActFormer: A GAN-based Transformer towards General Action-Conditioned 3D Human Motion Generationcited by 77
- 2021Physics-based Human Motion Estimation and Synthesis from Videoscited by 66
- 2023ReMoS: 3D Motion-Conditioned Reaction Synthesis for Two-Person Interactionscited by 62
- 2024ReGenNet: Towards Human Action-Reaction Synthesiscited by 53
- 2024Duolando: Follower GPT with Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Dance Accompanimentcited by 47
- 2025Contrastive Flow Matchingcited by 29
- 2025Ready-to-React: Online Reaction Policy for Two-Character Interaction Generationcited by 28
- 2024TIMotion: Temporal and Interactive Framework for Efficient Human-Human Motion Generationcited by 27
- 2024InterDance:Reactive 3D Dance Generation with Realistic Duet Interactionscited by 22
- 2025DuetGen: Music Driven Two-Person Dance Generation via Hierarchical Masked Modelingcited by 21
- 2021GAN-based Reactive Motion Synthesis with Class-aware Discriminators for Human-human Interactioncited by 18
- 2024A Cross-Dataset Study for Text-based 3D Human Motion Retrievalcited by 17
- 2022PaCMO: Partner Dependent Human Motion Generation in Dyadic Human Activity using Neural Operatorscited by 8
- 2024RMD: A Simple Baseline for More General Human Motion Generation via Training-free Retrieval-Augmented Motion Diffusecited by 7
- 2025MDD: A Dataset for Text-and-Music Conditioned Duet Dance Generationcited by 4
- 2025Leader and Follower: Interactive Motion Generation under Trajectory Constraintscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 5.
6 papers.
- 2025EgoReAct: Egocentric Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generationcited by 7
- 2026Future Optical Flow Prediction Improves Robot Control & Video Generationcited by 7
- 2026Sketch2Colab: Sketch-Conditioned Multi-Human Animation via Controllable Flow Distillationcited by 1
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2026MIME: Multimodal Interactive Motion Encodercited by 0
- 2026Multi-Modal Controlled Coherent Motion Generationcited by 0
- 2026Multi-Modal Controlled Coherent Motion Generation10 Sep 2026
- 2026MIME: Multimodal Interactive Motion Encoder18 Jul 2026
- 2026Unified Number-Free Text-to-Motion Generation Via Flow Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Sketch2Colab: Sketch-Conditioned Multi-Human Animation via Controllable Flow Distillation2 Mar 2026
- 2026Future Optical Flow Prediction Improves Robot Control & Video Generation15 Jan 2026
- 2025EgoReAct: Egocentric Video-Driven 3D Human Reaction Generation28 Dec 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025FlowMotion: Target-Predictive Conditional Flow Matching for Jitter-Reduced Text-Driven Human Motion Generation
- 2025Multi-Person Interaction Generation from Two-Person Motion Priors
- 2025Interact2Ar: Full-Body Human-Human Interaction Generation via Autoregressive Diffusion Models
- 2024InterDreamer: Zero-Shot Text to 3D Dynamic Human-Object Interaction
- 2025HY-Motion 1.0: Scaling Flow Matching Models for Text-To-Motion Generation
- 2024SyncDiff: Synchronized Motion Diffusion for Multi-Body Human-Object Interaction Synthesis
- 2026MotionHiFlow: Text-to-motion via hierarchical flow matching
- 2025ARFlow: Human Action-Reaction Flow Matching with Physical Guidance