mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLM

arXiv 2411.04954 ↗First posted 7 Nov 2024cs.CVcited by 81

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper aims to design a unified Computer-Aided Design (CAD) generation system that can easily generate CAD models based on the user's inputs in the form of textual description, images, point clouds, or even a combination of them. Towards this goal, we introduce the CAD-MLLM, the first system capable of generating parametric CAD models conditioned on the multimodal input. Specifically, within the CAD-MLLM framework, we leverage the command sequences of CAD models and then employ advanced large language models (LLMs) to align the feature space across these diverse multi-modalities data and CAD models' vectorized representations. To facilitate the model training, we design a comprehensive data construction and annotation pipeline that equips each CAD model with corresponding multimodal data. Our resulting dataset, named Omni-CAD, is the first multimodal CAD dataset that contains textual description, multi-view images, points, and command sequence for each CAD model. It contains approximately 450K instances and their CAD construction sequences. To thoroughly evaluate the quality of our generated CAD models, we go beyond current evaluation metrics that focus on reconstruction quality by introducing additional metrics that assess topology quality and surface enclosure extent. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that CAD-MLLM significantly outperforms existing conditional generative methods and remains highly robust to noises and missing points. The project page and more visualizations can be found at: https://cad-mllm.github.io/

Key facts. Cited by 81 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 75 of its 112 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Nov 2024.

Builds on

75 of 112 references.

References · 75

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38 more
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  15. 2020PolyGen: An Autoregressive Generative Model of 3D Meshescited by 269
  16. 2023DriveMLM: Aligning Multi-Modal Large Language Models with Behavioral Planning States for Autonomous Drivingcited by 233
  17. 2023Michelangelo: Conditional 3D Shape Generation based on Shape-Image-Text Aligned Latent Representationcited by 228
  18. 2023Point-Bind & Point-LLM: Aligning Point Cloud with Multi-modality for 3D Understanding, Generation, and Instruction Followingcited by 194
  19. 2023Flexible Isosurface Extraction for Gradient-Based Mesh Optimizationcited by 139
  20. 2022SkexGen: Autoregressive Generation of CAD Construction Sequences with Disentangled Codebookscited by 125
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  22. 2024BrepGen: A B-rep Generative Diffusion Model with Structured Latent Geometrycited by 103
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  29. 2022SolidGen: An Autoregressive Model for Direct B-rep Synthesiscited by 80
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  31. 2020SketchGraphs: A Large-Scale Dataset for Modeling Relational Geometry in Computer-Aided Designcited by 72
  32. 2024MLLM-Tool: A Multimodal Large Language Model For Tool Agent Learningcited by 69
  33. 2019Learning to Infer and Execute 3D Shape Programscited by 68
  34. 2020PIE-NET: Parametric Inference of Point Cloud Edgescited by 67
  35. 2021Vitruvion: A Generative Model of Parametric CAD Sketchescited by 66
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  38. 2024Generating CAD Code with Vision-Language Models for 3D Designscited by 62

50 most cited of 75 All 75 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 35; 2026: 45.

81 papers.

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  1. 2025Hunyuan3D 2.0: Scaling Diffusion Models for High Resolution Textured 3D Assets Generationcited by 356
  2. 2025CAD-Llama: Leveraging Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design Parametric 3D Model Generationcited by 67
  3. 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilitiescited by 43
  4. 2025HoLa: B-Rep Generation using a Holistic Latent Representationcited by 30
  5. 2025CADmium: Fine-Tuning Code Language Models for Text-Driven Sequential CAD Designcited by 25
  6. 2025Seek-CAD: A Self-refined Generative Modeling for 3D Parametric CAD Using Local Inference via DeepSeekcited by 24
  7. 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalitiescited by 22
  8. 2025Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design: A Surveycited by 18
  9. 2025AutoBrep: Autoregressive B-Rep Generation with Unified Topology and Geometrycited by 17
  10. 2025Seeing from Another Perspective: Evaluating Multi-View Understanding in MLLMscited by 16
  11. 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
  12. 2025BrepGPT: Autoregressive B-rep Generation with Voronoi Half-Patchcited by 13
38 more
  1. 2026CADSmith: Multi-Agent CAD Generation with Programmatic Geometric Validationcited by 13
  2. 2025From Intent to Execution: Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reinforcement Learning for Precise CAD Code Generationcited by 12
  3. 2025ReCAD: Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Parametric CAD Model Generation with Vision-Language Modelscited by 11
  4. 2026Pointer-CAD: Unifying B-Rep and Command Sequences via Pointer-based Edges & Faces Selectioncited by 11
  5. 2026CADBench: A Multimodal Benchmark for AI-Assisted CAD Program Generationcited by 11
  6. 2025Unified Cross-Scale 3D Generation and Understanding via Autoregressive Modelingcited by 8
  7. 2025Automated CAD Modeling Sequence Generation from Text Descriptions via Transformer-Based Large Language Modelscited by 8
  8. 2025CReFT-CAD: Boosting Orthographic Projection Reasoning for CAD via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 8
  9. 2026ArtiCAD: Articulated CAD Assembly Design via Multi-Agent Code Generationcited by 8
  10. 2026Zero-to-CAD: Agentic Synthesis of Interpretable CAD Programs at Million-Scale Without Real Datacited by 8
  11. 2026MUSE: Benchmarking Manufacturable, Functional, and Assemblable Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 8
  12. 2025RLCAD: Reinforcement Learning Training Gym for Revolution Involved CAD Command Sequence Generationcited by 7
  13. 2026Clarify Before You Draw: Proactive Agents for Robust Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 7
  14. 2026Towards High-Fidelity CAD Generation via LLM-Driven Program Generation and Text-Based B-Rep Primitive Groundingcited by 7
  15. 2025CMT: A Cascade MAR with Topology Predictor for Multimodal Conditional CAD Generationcited by 6
  16. 2025NURBGen: High-Fidelity Text-to-CAD Generation through LLM-Driven NURBS Modelingcited by 6
  17. 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineeringcited by 6
  18. 2026TOOLCAD: Exploring Tool-Using Large Language Models in Text-to-CAD Generation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  19. 2026Beyond NL2Code: A Structured Survey of Multimodal Code Intelligencecited by 6
  20. 2025ShapeLib: Designing a library of programmatic 3D shape abstractions with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  21. 2025GeoCAD: Local Geometry-Controllable CAD Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  22. 2026CADFS: A Big CAD Program Dataset and Framework for Computer-Aided Design with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  23. 2025CADDesigner: Conceptual CAD Model Generation with a General-Purpose Agentcited by 4
  24. 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimizationcited by 4
  25. 2025PHT-CAD: Efficient CAD Parametric Primitive Analysis with Progressive Hierarchical Tuningcited by 3
  26. 2025Engineering.ai: A Platform for Teams of AI Engineers in Computational Designcited by 3
  27. 2025A Survey of AI Methods for Geometry Preparation and Mesh Generation in Engineering Simulationcited by 3
  28. 2026BrepCoder: A Unified Multimodal Large Language Model for Multi-task B-rep Reasoningcited by 3
  29. 2026Physics-in-the-Loop: A Hybrid Agentic Architecture for Validated CAD Engineering Designcited by 3
  30. 2026UniCAD: A Unified Benchmark and Universal Model for Multi-Modal Multi-Task CADcited by 3
  31. 2025GACO-CAD: Geometry-Augmented and Conciseness-Optimized CAD Model Generation from Single Imagecited by 2
  32. 2025Empowering Real-World: A Survey on the Technology, Practice, and Evaluation of LLM-driven Industry Agentscited by 2
  33. 2025From Pixels to Feelings: Aligning MLLMs with Human Cognitive Perception of Imagescited by 2
  34. 2025CADKnitter: Compositional CAD Generation from Text and Geometry Guidancecited by 2
  35. 2026SldprtNet: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset for CAD Generation in Language-Driven 3D Designcited by 2
  36. 2026AssemblyBench: Physics-Aware Assembly of Complex Industrial Objectscited by 2
  37. 2026Autoregressive B-Rep Shape Generation with Parametric Surfacescited by 2
  38. 2025View2CAD: Reconstructing View-Centric CAD Models from Single RGB-D Scanscited by 1

50 most cited of 81 All 81 (JSON)

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  1. 2024CAD-GPT: Synthesising CAD Construction Sequence with Spatial Reasoning-Enhanced Multimodal LLMs
  2. 2025CAD-Editor: A Locate-then-Infill Framework with Automated Training Data Synthesis for Text-Based CAD Editing
  3. 2026OmniMech: All-in-one Multimodal Mechanical Benchmark for 3D Reconstruction
  4. 2025CAD-Coder: An Open-Source Vision-Language Model for Computer-Aided Design Code Generation
  5. 2025GenCAD-3D: CAD Program Generation using Multimodal Latent Space Alignment and Synthetic Dataset Balancing
  6. 2024BlenderLLM: Training Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design with Self-improvement
  7. 2026Foundation Models for Automatic CAD Generation
  8. 2026Mamba-CAD: State Space Model For 3D Computer-Aided Design Generative Modeling