mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learning

arXiv 2505.22914 ↗First posted 28 May 2025cs.CV cs.LGcited by 16

On the map: Deep reinforcement learning methods → RL with diffusion and flow models

Abstract (arXiv)

Computer-Aided Design (CAD) plays a central role in engineering and manufacturing, making it possible to create precise and editable 3D models. Using a variety of sensor or user-provided data as inputs for CAD reconstruction can democratize access to design applications. However, existing methods typically focus on a single input modality, such as point clouds, images, or text, which limits their generalizability and robustness. Leveraging recent advances in vision-language models (VLM), we propose a multi-modal CAD reconstruction model that simultaneously processes all three input modalities. Inspired by large language model (LLM) training paradigms, we adopt a two-stage pipeline: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on large-scale procedurally generated data, followed by reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning using online feedback, obtained programatically. Furthermore, we are the first to explore RL fine-tuning of LLMs for CAD tasks demonstrating that online RL algorithms such as Group Relative Preference Optimization (GRPO) outperform offline alternatives. In the DeepCAD benchmark, our SFT model outperforms existing single-modal approaches in all three input modalities simultaneously. More importantly, after RL fine-tuning, cadrille sets new state-of-the-art on three challenging datasets, including a real-world one. Code is avaliable at https://github.com/col14m/cadrille .

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in RL with diffusion and flow models, one of 15 directions in Deep reinforcement learning methods. Builds on 50 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2025.

Builds on

50 of 65 references.

References · 50

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
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38 more
  1. 2020ParSeNet: A Parametric Surface Fitting Network for 3D Point Cloudscited by 96
  2. 2025CPPO: Accelerating the Training of Group Relative Policy Optimization-Based Reasoning Modelscited by 96
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  16. 2024CAD-GPT: Synthesising CAD Construction Sequence with Spatial Reasoning-Enhanced Multimodal LLMscited by 53
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  18. 2025Text-to-CAD Generation Through Infusing Visual Feedback in Large Language Modelscited by 47
  19. 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilitiescited by 43
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  25. 2024Img2CAD: Conditioned 3D CAD Model Generation from Single Image with Structured Visual Geometrycited by 37
  26. 2023Point2CAD: Reverse Engineering CAD Models from 3D Point Cloudscited by 36
  27. 2025CADCrafter: Generating Computer-Aided Design Models from Unconstrained Imagescited by 35
  28. 2024FlexCAD: Unified and Versatile Controllable CAD Generation with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 34
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  38. 2025RLCAD: Reinforcement Learning Training Gym for Revolution Involved CAD Command Sequence Generationcited by 7

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 15.

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  1. 2025CME-CAD: Heterogeneous Collaborative Multi-Expert Reinforcement Learning for CAD Code Generation
  2. 2025From Intent to Execution: Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reinforcement Learning for Precise CAD Code Generation
  3. 2025ReCAD: Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Parametric CAD Model Generation with Vision-Language Models
  4. 2025GACO-CAD: Geometry-Augmented and Conciseness-Optimized CAD Model Generation from Single Image
  5. 2026UniCAD: A Unified Benchmark and Universal Model for Multi-Modal Multi-Task CAD
  6. 2025CReFT-CAD: Boosting Orthographic Projection Reasoning for CAD via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
  7. 2025Seek-CAD: A Self-refined Generative Modeling for 3D Parametric CAD Using Local Inference via DeepSeek
  8. 2026TOOLCAD: Exploring Tool-Using Large Language Models in Text-to-CAD Generation with Reinforcement Learning