mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SolidGen: An Autoregressive Model for Direct B-rep Synthesis

arXiv 2203.13944 ↗First posted 26 Mar 2022cs.LG cs.CV cs.GRcited by 78

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Abstract (arXiv)

The Boundary representation (B-rep) format is the de-facto shape representation in computer-aided design (CAD) to model solid and sheet objects. Recent approaches to generating CAD models have focused on learning sketch-and-extrude modeling sequences that are executed by a solid modeling kernel in postprocess to recover a B-rep. In this paper we present a new approach that enables learning from and synthesizing B-reps without the need for supervision through CAD modeling sequence data. Our method SolidGen, is an autoregressive neural network that models the B-rep directly by predicting the vertices, edges, and faces using Transformer-based and pointer neural networks. Key to achieving this is our Indexed Boundary Representation that references B-rep vertices, edges and faces in a well-defined hierarchy to capture the geometric and topological relations suitable for use with machine learning. SolidGen can be easily conditioned on contexts e.g., class labels, images, and voxels thanks to its probabilistic modeling of the B-rep distribution. We demonstrate qualitatively, quantitatively, and through perceptual evaluation by human subjects that SolidGen can produce high quality, realistic CAD models.

Key facts. Cited by 78 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2022.

Builds on

26 of 62 references.

References · 26

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
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  3. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
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  5. 2015Pointer Networkscited by 882
  6. 2018ABC: A Big CAD Model Dataset For Geometric Deep Learningcited by 339
  7. 2020PolyGen: An Autoregressive Generative Model of 3D Meshescited by 267
  8. 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 266
  9. 2017CSGNet: Neural Shape Parser for Constructive Solid Geometrycited by 106
  10. 2020ParSeNet: A Parametric Surface Fitting Network for 3D Point Cloudscited by 96
  11. 2019Write, Execute, Assess: Program Synthesis with a REPLcited by 92
  12. 2021BRepNet: A topological message passing system for solid modelscited by 92
14 more
  1. 2021Computer-Aided Design as Languagecited by 82
  2. 2020UCSG-Net -- Unsupervised Discovering of Constructive Solid Geometry Treecited by 77
  3. 2021JoinABLe: Learning Bottom-up Assembly of Parametric CAD Jointscited by 77
  4. 2020SketchGraphs: A Large-Scale Dataset for Modeling Relational Geometry in Computer-Aided Designcited by 72
  5. 2019Learning to Infer and Execute 3D Shape Programscited by 68
  6. 2021SketchGen: Generating Constrained CAD Sketchescited by 68
  7. 2020PIE-NET: Parametric Inference of Point Cloud Edgescited by 67
  8. 2021Vitruvion: A Generative Model of Parametric CAD Sketchescited by 66
  9. 2021Point2Cyl: Reverse Engineering 3D Objects from Point Clouds to Extrusion Cylinderscited by 59
  10. 2021Inferring CAD Modeling Sequences Using Zone Graphscited by 50
  11. 2021Engineering Sketch Generation for Computer-Aided Designcited by 49
  12. 2020Fusion 360 Gallery: A Dataset and Environment for Programmatic CAD Construction from Human Design Sequencescited by 36
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  14. 2022Neural Face Identification in a 2D Wireframe Projection of a Manifold Objectcited by 18

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 7; 2024: 17; 2025: 18; 2026: 32.

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  1. 2024BrepGen: A B-rep Generative Diffusion Model with Structured Latent Geometrycited by 101
  2. 2023Hierarchical Neural Coding for Controllable CAD Model Generationcited by 84
  3. 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 74
  4. 2025Text-to-CAD Generation Through Infusing Visual Feedback in Large Language Modelscited by 43
  5. 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilitiescited by 43
  6. 2022Reconstructing editable prismatic CAD from rounded voxel modelscited by 41
  7. 2025CAD-Coder: An Open-Source Vision-Language Model for Computer-Aided Design Code Generationcited by 39
  8. 2023PolyDiffuse: Polygonal Shape Reconstruction via Guided Set Diffusion Modelscited by 36
  9. 2024GenCAD: Image-Conditioned Computer-Aided Design Generation with Transformer-Based Contrastive Representation and Diffusion Priorscited by 36
  10. 2024Img2CAD: Conditioned 3D CAD Model Generation from Single Image with Structured Visual Geometrycited by 35
  11. 2024Img2CAD: Reverse Engineering 3D CAD Models from Images through VLM-Assisted Conditional Factorizationcited by 34
  12. 2024FlexCAD: Unified and Versatile Controllable CAD Generation with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 33
38 more
  1. 2022Learning to Generate 3D Shapes from a Single Examplecited by 31
  2. 2022CADOps-Net: Jointly Learning CAD Operation Types and Steps from Boundary-Representationscited by 30
  3. 2023Sin3DM: Learning a Diffusion Model from a Single 3D Textured Shapecited by 29
  4. 2024TransCAD: A Hierarchical Transformer for CAD Sequence Inference from Point Cloudscited by 29
  5. 2024OpenECAD: An Efficient Visual Language Model for Editable 3D-CAD Designcited by 26
  6. 2024Make-A-Shape: a Ten-Million-scale 3D Shape Modelcited by 25
  7. 2023PLay: Parametrically Conditioned Layout Generation using Latent Diffusioncited by 24
  8. 2025CADmium: Fine-Tuning Code Language Models for Text-Driven Sequential CAD Designcited by 23
  9. 2022Self-Supervised Representation Learning for CADcited by 22
  10. 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Imagescited by 22
  11. 2024Large Language Model Agent as a Mechanical Designercited by 20
  12. 2025DTGBrepGen: A Novel B-rep Generative Model through Decoupling Topology and Geometrycited by 20
  13. 2025AutoBrep: Autoregressive B-Rep Generation with Unified Topology and Geometrycited by 16
  14. 2024From 2D CAD Drawings to 3D Parametric Models: A Vision-Language Approachcited by 15
  15. 2025MeshCoder: LLM-Powered Structured Mesh Code Generation from Point Cloudscited by 15
  16. 2023Sketch-A-Shape: Zero-Shot Sketch-to-3D Shape Generationcited by 14
  17. 2024Geometric Deep Learning for Computer-Aided Design: A Surveycited by 14
  18. 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
  19. 2026Text2CAD-Bench: A Benchmark for LLM-based Text-to-Parametric CAD Generationcited by 11
  20. 2025From Intent to Execution: Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reinforcement Learning for Precise CAD Code Generationcited by 10
  21. 2025CAD-Judge: Toward Efficient Morphological Grading and Verification for Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 9
  22. 2026Pointer-CAD: Unifying B-Rep and Command Sequences via Pointer-based Edges & Faces Selectioncited by 9
  23. 2026IterCAD: An Iterative Multimodal Agent for Visually-Grounded CAD Generation and Editingcited by 9
  24. 2023PlankAssembly: Robust 3D Reconstruction from Three Orthographic Views with Learnt Shape Programscited by 8
  25. 2024Generating 3D House Wireframes with Semanticscited by 8
  26. 2024NeuroNURBS: Learning Efficient Surface Representations for 3D Solidscited by 8
  27. 2025GenCAD-3D: CAD Program Generation using Multimodal Latent Space Alignment and Synthetic Dataset Balancingcited by 7
  28. 2026Zero-to-CAD: Agentic Synthesis of Interpretable CAD Programs at Million-Scale Without Real Datacited by 7
  29. 2025Revisiting CAD Model Generation by Learning Raster Sketchcited by 6
  30. 2025CMT: A Cascade MAR with Topology Predictor for Multimodal Conditional CAD Generationcited by 6
  31. 2026Towards High-Fidelity CAD Generation via LLM-Driven Program Generation and Text-Based B-Rep Primitive Groundingcited by 6
  32. 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineeringcited by 4
  33. 2026Embodied CAD: Solver-Grounded LLM Agents for Parametric B-Rep Assembly Modelingcited by 4
  34. 2024Generative Design through Quality-Diversity Data Synthesis and Language Modelscited by 3
  35. 2024Exploring the Potentials and Challenges of Deep Generative Models in Product Design Conceptioncited by 3
  36. 2026Mamba-CAD: State Space Model For 3D Computer-Aided Design Generative Modelingcited by 3
  37. 2026GIFT: Bootstrapping Image-to-CAD Program Synthesis via Geometric Feedbackcited by 3
  38. 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimizationcited by 3

50 most cited of 78 All 78 (JSON)