ArtiCAD: Articulated CAD Assembly Design via Multi-Agent Code Generation
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of articulated assemblies is essential for product development, yet generating these multi-part, movable models from high-level descriptions remains unexplored. To address this, we propose ArtiCAD, the first training-free multi-agent system capable of generating editable, articulated CAD assemblies directly from text or images. Our system divides this complex task among four specialized agents: Design, Generation, Assembly, and Review. One of our key insights is to predict assembly relationships during the initial design stage rather than the assembly stage. By utilizing a Connector that explicitly defines attachment points and joint parameters, ArtiCAD determines these relationships before geometry generation, effectively bypassing the limited spatial reasoning capabilities of current LLMs and VLMs. To further ensure high-quality outputs, we introduce validation steps in the generation and assembly stages, accompanied by a cross-stage rollback mechanism that accurately isolates and corrects design- and code-level errors. Additionally, a self-evolving experience store accumulates design knowledge to continuously improve performance on future tasks. Extensive evaluations on three datasets (ArtiCAD-Bench, CADPrompt, and ACD) validate the effectiveness of our approach. We further demonstrate the applicability of ArtiCAD in requirement-driven conceptual design, physical prototyping, and the generation of embodied AI training assets through URDF export.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 44 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Apr 2026.
Builds on
44 of 59 references.
References · 44
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
- 2017Billion-scale similarity search with GPUscited by 2,477
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
- 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,906
- 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,800
- 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
- 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 963
- 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 893
- 2020SAPIEN: A SimulAted Part-based Interactive ENvironmentcited by 584
32 more
- 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 537
- 2018PartNet: A Large-scale Benchmark for Fine-grained and Hierarchical Part-level 3D Object Understandingcited by 521
- 2024MLLM-as-a-Judge: Assessing Multimodal LLM-as-a-Judge with Vision-Language Benchmarkcited by 362
- 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 266
- 2022Ditto: Building Digital Twins of Articulated Objects from Interactioncited by 152
- 2022SkexGen: Autoregressive Generation of CAD Construction Sequences with Disentangled Codebookscited by 121
- 2023PARIS: Part-level Reconstruction and Motion Analysis for Articulated Objectscited by 115
- 2024Articulate-Anything: Automatic Modeling of Articulated Objects via a Vision-Language Foundation Modelcited by 90
- 2021JoinABLe: Learning Bottom-up Assembly of Parametric CAD Jointscited by 77
- 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 74
- 2025ArtGS: Building Interactable Replicas of Complex Articulated Objects via Gaussian Splattingcited by 67
- 2024SINGAPO: Single Image Controlled Generation of Articulated Parts in Objectscited by 66
- 2025CAD-Llama: Leveraging Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design Parametric 3D Model Generationcited by 65
- 2024CAD-Recode: Reverse Engineering CAD Code from Point Cloudscited by 63
- 2024CAD-SIGNet: CAD Language Inference from Point Clouds using Layer-wise Sketch Instance Guided Attentioncited by 62
- 2024Generating CAD Code with Vision-Language Models for 3D Designscited by 61
- 2025CAD-Coder: Text-to-CAD Generation with Chain-of-Thought and Geometric Rewardcited by 53
- 2024CAD-GPT: Synthesising CAD Construction Sequence with Spatial Reasoning-Enhanced Multimodal LLMscited by 52
- 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilitiescited by 43
- 2025PhysX-Anything: Simulation-Ready Physical 3D Assets from Single Imagecited by 32
- 2025CADCrafter: Generating Computer-Aided Design Models from Unconstrained Imagescited by 31
- 2024TransCAD: A Hierarchical Transformer for CAD Sequence Inference from Point Cloudscited by 29
- 2025CADmium: Fine-Tuning Code Language Models for Text-Driven Sequential CAD Designcited by 23
- 2024S2O: Static to Openable Enhancement for Articulated 3D Objectscited by 22
- 2025Seek-CAD: A Self-refined Generative Modeling for 3D Parametric CAD Using Local Inference via DeepSeekcited by 22
- 20243D-PreMise: Can Large Language Models Generate 3D Shapes with Sharp Features and Parametric Control?cited by 21
- 2025GaussianArt: Unified Modeling of Geometry and Motion for Articulated Objectscited by 17
- 2025CAD-Judge: Toward Efficient Morphological Grading and Verification for Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 9
- 2025EvoCAD: Evolutionary CAD Code Generation with Vision Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026PAct: Part-Decomposed Single-View Articulated Object Generationcited by 5
- 2026CADEvolve: Creating Realistic CAD via Program Evolutioncited by 5
- 2025CADKnitter: Compositional CAD Generation from Text and Geometry Guidancecited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026Articraft: An Agentic System for Scalable Articulated 3D Asset Generationcited by 25
- 2026MUSE: Benchmarking Manufacturable, Functional, and Assemblable Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 8
- 2026P3D-Bench: Benchmarking MLLMs for Parametric 3D Generation and Structural Reasoningcited by 8
- 2026Autonomous Research Agents: A Survey of AI Scientists and the Verification Gapcited by 6
- 2026CADEngBench: It Looks Like CAD, but Does It Work? Evaluating Parametric Design, Assembly Reasoning, and Physics Simulationcited by 3
- 2026Procedura: Agentic 3D Modeling with Procedural Controlcited by 1
- 2026Test-Time Scaling for CAD Generation via Verifier-Free Consensus Selectioncited by 0
- 2026Procedura: Agentic 3D Modeling with Procedural Control26 Aug 2026
- 2026Test-Time Scaling for CAD Generation via Verifier-Free Consensus Selection10 Aug 2026
- 2026CADEngBench: It Looks Like CAD, but Does It Work? Evaluating Parametric Design, Assembly Reasoning, and Physics Simulation10 Aug 2026
- 2026Autonomous Research Agents: A Survey of AI Scientists and the Verification Gap29 Jun 2026
- 2026P3D-Bench: Benchmarking MLLMs for Parametric 3D Generation and Structural Reasoning9 Jun 2026
- 2026MUSE: Benchmarking Manufacturable, Functional, and Assemblable Text-to-CAD Generation27 May 2026
- 2026Articraft: An Agentic System for Scalable Articulated 3D Asset Generation14 May 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Agent-Aided Design for Dynamic CAD Models
- 2026Embodied CAD: Solver-Grounded LLM Agents for Parametric B-Rep Assembly Modeling
- 2025CADDesigner: Conceptual CAD Model Generation with a General-Purpose Agent
- 2026LMBuild: Evaluating LLM Agents for Generating Buildable and Functional Structures
- 2026Zero-to-CAD: Agentic Synthesis of Interpretable CAD Programs at Million-Scale Without Real Data
- 2026LLM-Aided Design for Manufacturing: A Multi-Agent System for Intent-Preserving Redesign of CAD for Improved Manufacturability
- 2025From Idea to CAD: A Language Model-Driven Multi-Agent System for Collaborative Design
- 2025CAD-Coder: An Open-Source Vision-Language Model for Computer-Aided Design Code Generation