mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Seek-CAD: A Self-refined Generative Modeling for 3D Parametric CAD Using Local Inference via DeepSeek

arXiv 2505.17702 ↗First posted 23 May 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 24

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

The advent of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) generative modeling will significantly transform the design of industrial products. The recent research endeavor has extended into the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs). In contrast to fine-tuning methods, training-free approaches typically utilize the advanced closed-source LLMs, thereby offering enhanced flexibility and efficiency in the development of AI agents for generating CAD parametric models. However, the substantial cost and limitations of local deployment of the top-tier closed-source LLMs pose challenges in practical applications. The Seek-CAD is the pioneer exploration of locally deployed open-source inference LLM DeepSeek-R1 for CAD parametric model generation with a training-free methodology. This study is the first investigation to incorporate both visual and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) feedback within the self-refinement mechanism for generating CAD models. Specifically, the initial generated parametric CAD model is rendered into a sequence of step-wise perspective images, which are subsequently processed by a Vision Language Model (VLM) alongside the corresponding CoTs derived from DeepSeek-R1 to assess the CAD model generation. Then, the feedback is utilized by DeepSeek-R1 to refine the initial generated model for the next round of generation. Moreover, we present an innovative 3D CAD model dataset structured around the SSR (Sketch, Sketch-based feature, and Refinements) triple design paradigm. This dataset encompasses a wide range of CAD commands, thereby aligning effectively with industrial application requirements and proving suitable for the generation of LLMs. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of Seek-CAD under various metrics.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 41 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2025.

Builds on

41 of 67 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024CAD-GPT: Synthesising CAD Construction Sequence with Spatial Reasoning-Enhanced Multimodal LLMs27 Dec

Other references · 40

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  4. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  5. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  6. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  7. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,601
  8. 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,073
  9. 2023VisionLLM: Large Language Model is also an Open-Ended Decoder for Vision-Centric Taskscited by 501
  10. 2023LMDrive: Closed-Loop End-to-End Driving with Large Language Modelscited by 305
  11. 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 271
  12. 2023VTimeLLM: Empower LLM to Grasp Video Momentscited by 255
28 more
  1. 2022SkexGen: Autoregressive Generation of CAD Construction Sequences with Disentangled Codebookscited by 125
  2. 2024BrepGen: A B-rep Generative Diffusion Model with Structured Latent Geometrycited by 103
  3. 2023Hierarchical Neural Coding for Controllable CAD Model Generationcited by 86
  4. 2021Computer-Aided Design as Languagecited by 82
  5. 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 81
  6. 2021JoinABLe: Learning Bottom-up Assembly of Parametric CAD Jointscited by 78
  7. 2021SketchGen: Generating Constrained CAD Sketchescited by 68
  8. 2023VELMA: Verbalization Embodiment of LLM Agents for Vision and Language Navigation in Street Viewcited by 67
  9. 2025CAD-Llama: Leveraging Large Language Models for Computer-Aided Design Parametric 3D Model Generationcited by 67
  10. 2024CAD-SIGNet: CAD Language Inference from Point Clouds using Layer-wise Sketch Instance Guided Attentioncited by 64
  11. 2024Generating CAD Code with Vision-Language Models for 3D Designscited by 62
  12. 2024Koala: Key frame-conditioned long video-LLMcited by 57
  13. 2022I2MVFormer: Large Language Model Generated Multi-View Document Supervision for Zero-Shot Image Classificationcited by 54
  14. 2024LLM-Seg: Bridging Image Segmentation and Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 52
  15. 2025Text-to-CAD Generation Through Infusing Visual Feedback in Large Language Modelscited by 47
  16. 2023CLIPSyntel: CLIP and LLM Synergy for Multimodal Question Summarization in Healthcarecited by 43
  17. 2024CAD-Assistant: Tool-Augmented VLLMs as Generic CAD Task Solverscited by 40
  18. 2022ExtrudeNet: Unsupervised Inverse Sketch-and-Extrude for Shape Parsingcited by 38
  19. 2024Img2CAD: Reverse Engineering 3D CAD Models from Images through VLM-Assisted Conditional Factorizationcited by 35
  20. 2024FlexCAD: Unified and Versatile Controllable CAD Generation with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 34
  21. 2024TransCAD: A Hierarchical Transformer for CAD Sequence Inference from Point Cloudscited by 29
  22. 2023Leveraging SE(3) Equivariance for Learning 3D Geometric Shape Assemblycited by 28
  23. 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Imagescited by 25
  24. 2022Self-Supervised Representation Learning for CADcited by 22
  25. 20243D-PreMise: Can Large Language Models Generate 3D Shapes with Sharp Features and Parametric Control?cited by 21
  26. 2024A Cross-Dataset Study for Text-based 3D Human Motion Retrievalcited by 17
  27. 2025From Idea to CAD: A Language Model-Driven Multi-Agent System for Collaborative Designcited by 14
  28. 2024Text2CAD: Text to 3D CAD Generation via Technical Drawingscited by 10

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 22.

24 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026IterCAD: An Iterative Multimodal Agent for Visually-Grounded CAD Generation and Editingcited by 10
  2. 2026ArtiCAD: Articulated CAD Assembly Design via Multi-Agent Code Generationcited by 8
  3. 2026Clarify Before You Draw: Proactive Agents for Robust Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 7
  4. 2026Towards High-Fidelity CAD Generation via LLM-Driven Program Generation and Text-Based B-Rep Primitive Groundingcited by 7
  5. 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineeringcited by 6
  6. 2026TOOLCAD: Exploring Tool-Using Large Language Models in Text-to-CAD Generation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
  7. 2025CADDesigner: Conceptual CAD Model Generation with a General-Purpose Agentcited by 4
  8. 2026PR-CAD: Progressive Refinement for Unified Controllable and Faithful Text-to-CAD Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 3
  9. 2026UniCAD: A Unified Benchmark and Universal Model for Multi-Modal Multi-Task CADcited by 3
  10. 2025GACO-CAD: Geometry-Augmented and Conciseness-Optimized CAD Model Generation from Single Imagecited by 2
  11. 2026Self-Improving CAD Generation Agents with Finite Element Analysis as Feedbackcited by 2
  12. 2026CADIR: A Cross-Backend Editable Intermediate Representation for Agentic CAD Generationcited by 2
12 more
  1. 2026Draw it like Euclid: Teaching transformer models to generate CAD profiles using ruler and compass construction stepscited by 1
  2. 2026Pointer-CAD v2: Plan-Then-Construct CAD Generation with Dimension-Aware Parametric Precisioncited by 1
  3. 2026SOV-CAD: Stepwise Orthographic Views Guided CAD Modeling Sequence Reconstructioncited by 1
  4. 2026CADForge: Agentic Single-View CAD Reconstruction with Explicit Geometry Reasoningcited by 1
  5. 2026Agent-Aided Design for Dynamic CAD Modelscited by 0
  6. 2026Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning Agent for CAD Generationcited by 0
  7. 2026TraceCAD: Trace-Guided Repair for Agentic CAD Generationcited by 0
  8. 2026RA-CAD: Learning Post-Execution Critique for State-Aware Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 0
  9. 2026Test-Time Scaling for CAD Generation via Verifier-Free Consensus Selectioncited by 0
  10. 2026Language-Augmented Semantic Priors for B-Spline Surface Fittingcited by 0
  11. 2026Vision2CAD: A Visual Agent Harness for Explicit Geometry Referencing and Localization in Parametric CAD Modelingcited by 0
  12. 2026StepCAD: Mesh-to-CAD Code Generation via LLM Policy and Geometry-Guided Searchcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024CadVLM: Bridging Language and Vision in the Generation of Parametric CAD Sketches
  2. 2025CAD-Coder: An Open-Source Vision-Language Model for Computer-Aided Design Code Generation
  3. 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2025A Solver-Aided Hierarchical Language for LLM-Driven CAD Design
  5. 2025Text-to-CadQuery: A New Paradigm for CAD Generation with Scalable Large Model Capabilities
  6. 2026Foundation Models for Automatic CAD Generation
  7. 2026CADFS: A Big CAD Program Dataset and Framework for Computer-Aided Design with Large Language Models
  8. 2026OmniMech: All-in-one Multimodal Mechanical Benchmark for 3D Reconstruction