UCSG-Net -- Unsupervised Discovering of Constructive Solid Geometry Tree
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Abstract (arXiv)
Signed distance field (SDF) is a prominent implicit representation of 3D meshes. Methods that are based on such representation achieved state-of-the-art 3D shape reconstruction quality. However, these methods struggle to reconstruct non-convex shapes. One remedy is to incorporate a constructive solid geometry framework (CSG) that represents a shape as a decomposition into primitives. It allows to embody a 3D shape of high complexity and non-convexity with a simple tree representation of Boolean operations. Nevertheless, existing approaches are supervised and require the entire CSG parse tree that is given upfront during the training process. On the contrary, we propose a model that extracts a CSG parse tree without any supervision - UCSG-Net. Our model predicts parameters of primitives and binarizes their SDF representation through differentiable indicator function. It is achieved jointly with discovering the structure of a Boolean operators tree. The model selects dynamically which operator combination over primitives leads to the reconstruction of high fidelity. We evaluate our method on 2D and 3D autoencoding tasks. We show that the predicted parse tree representation is interpretable and can be used in CAD software.
Key facts. Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 9; 2023: 11; 2024: 22; 2025: 13; 2026: 14.
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50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)
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- 2025HoLa: B-Rep Generation using a Holistic Latent Representation19 Apr 2025
- 2025Aligning Instance-Semantic Sparse Representation towards Unsupervised Object Segmentation and Shape Abstraction with Repeatable Primitives10 Mar 2025
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- 2025VLMaterial: Procedural Material Generation with Large Vision-Language Models27 Jan 2025
- 2024CAD-Recode: Reverse Engineering CAD Code from Point Clouds18 Dec 2024
- 2024Don't Mesh with Me: Generating Constructive Solid Geometry Instead of Meshes by Fine-Tuning a Code-Generation LLM22 Nov 2024
- 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLM7 Nov 2024
- 2024FlexCAD: Unified and Versatile Controllable CAD Generation with Fine-tuned Large Language Models5 Nov 2024
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- 2024ContrastCAD: Contrastive Learning-based Representation Learning for Computer-Aided Design Models2 Apr 2024
- 2024DPA-Net: Structured 3D Abstraction from Sparse Views via Differentiable Primitive Assembly1 Apr 2024
- 2024CAD-SIGNet: CAD Language Inference from Point Clouds using Layer-wise Sketch Instance Guided Attention27 Feb 2024
- 2024BrepGen: A B-rep Generative Diffusion Model with Structured Latent Geometry28 Jan 2024
- 2023CNC-Net: Self-Supervised Learning for CNC Machining Operations15 Dec 2023
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- 2026Procedura: Agentic 3D Modeling with Procedural Control26 Aug 2026
- 2026ViSculpt: Visual-Centric Agentic Geometry Editing25 Aug 2026
- 2026aDSL: Agentic 3D Creation via Joint Agent-Program Design18 Aug 2026
- 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 266
- 2022SkexGen: Autoregressive Generation of CAD Construction Sequences with Disentangled Codebookscited by 121
- 2021Decomposing 3D Scenes into Objects via Unsupervised Volume Segmentationcited by 88
- 2023Hierarchical Neural Coding for Controllable CAD Model Generationcited by 84
- 2022SolidGen: An Autoregressive Model for Direct B-rep Synthesiscited by 78
- 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 74
- 2021SketchGen: Generating Constrained CAD Sketchescited by 68
- 2024CAD-Recode: Reverse Engineering CAD Code from Point Cloudscited by 63
- 2021CAPRI-Net: Learning Compact CAD Shapes with Adaptive Primitive Assemblycited by 62
- 2024CAD-SIGNet: CAD Language Inference from Point Clouds using Layer-wise Sketch Instance Guided Attentioncited by 62
- 2021Point2Cyl: Reverse Engineering 3D Objects from Point Clouds to Extrusion Cylinderscited by 59
- 2021CSG-Stump: A Learning Friendly CSG-Like Representation for Interpretable Shape Parsingcited by 51
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- 2026CADENA: Stepwise CAD Reverse Engineering1 Aug 2026
- 2026Autoregressive B-Rep Shape Generation with Parametric Surfaces19 Jul 2026
- 2026CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimization2 May 2026
- 2026GeoFusion-CAD: Structure-Aware Diffusion with Geometric State Space for Parametric 3D Design23 Mar 2026
- 2026DualPrim: Compact 3D Reconstruction with Positive and Negative Primitives17 Mar 2026
- 2026Pointer-CAD: Unifying B-Rep and Command Sequences via Pointer-based Edges & Faces Selection4 Mar 2026
- 2026BrepGaussian: CAD reconstruction from Multi-View Images with Gaussian Splatting24 Feb 2026
- 2026CADReasoner: Iterative Program Editing for CAD Reverse Engineering18 Feb 2026
- 2026Flatten The Complex: Joint B-Rep Generation via Compositional k-Cell Particles25 Jan 2026
- 2026AutoRegressive Generation with B-rep Holistic Token Sequence Representation23 Jan 2026
- 2025AutoBrep: Autoregressive B-Rep Generation with Unified Topology and Geometry2 Dec 2025
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