mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

UCSG-Net -- Unsupervised Discovering of Constructive Solid Geometry Tree

arXiv 2006.09102 ↗First posted 16 Jun 2020cs.CV cs.LGcited by 77

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Abstract (arXiv)

Signed distance field (SDF) is a prominent implicit representation of 3D meshes. Methods that are based on such representation achieved state-of-the-art 3D shape reconstruction quality. However, these methods struggle to reconstruct non-convex shapes. One remedy is to incorporate a constructive solid geometry framework (CSG) that represents a shape as a decomposition into primitives. It allows to embody a 3D shape of high complexity and non-convexity with a simple tree representation of Boolean operations. Nevertheless, existing approaches are supervised and require the entire CSG parse tree that is given upfront during the training process. On the contrary, we propose a model that extracts a CSG parse tree without any supervision - UCSG-Net. Our model predicts parameters of primitives and binarizes their SDF representation through differentiable indicator function. It is achieved jointly with discovering the structure of a Boolean operators tree. The model selects dynamically which operator combination over primitives leads to the reconstruction of high fidelity. We evaluate our method on 2D and 3D autoencoding tasks. We show that the predicted parse tree representation is interpretable and can be used in CAD software.

Key facts. Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 9; 2023: 11; 2024: 22; 2025: 13; 2026: 14.

77 papers.

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  1. 2021DeepCAD: A Deep Generative Network for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 266
  2. 2022SkexGen: Autoregressive Generation of CAD Construction Sequences with Disentangled Codebookscited by 121
  3. 2024BrepGen: A B-rep Generative Diffusion Model with Structured Latent Geometrycited by 101
  4. 2021Decomposing 3D Scenes into Objects via Unsupervised Volume Segmentationcited by 88
  5. 2023Hierarchical Neural Coding for Controllable CAD Model Generationcited by 84
  6. 2022SolidGen: An Autoregressive Model for Direct B-rep Synthesiscited by 78
  7. 2024CAD-MLLM: Unifying Multimodality-Conditioned CAD Generation With MLLMcited by 74
  8. 2021SketchGen: Generating Constrained CAD Sketchescited by 68
  9. 2024CAD-Recode: Reverse Engineering CAD Code from Point Cloudscited by 63
  10. 2021CAPRI-Net: Learning Compact CAD Shapes with Adaptive Primitive Assemblycited by 62
  11. 2024CAD-SIGNet: CAD Language Inference from Point Clouds using Layer-wise Sketch Instance Guided Attentioncited by 62
  12. 2021Point2Cyl: Reverse Engineering 3D Objects from Point Clouds to Extrusion Cylinderscited by 59
38 more
  1. 2021CSG-Stump: A Learning Friendly CSG-Like Representation for Interpretable Shape Parsingcited by 51
  2. 2021Engineering Sketch Generation for Computer-Aided Designcited by 49
  3. 2023SECAD-Net: Self-Supervised CAD Reconstruction by Learning Sketch-Extrude Operationscited by 46
  4. 2025Text-to-CAD Generation Through Infusing Visual Feedback in Large Language Modelscited by 43
  5. 2022Reconstructing editable prismatic CAD from rounded voxel modelscited by 41
  6. 2023D2CSG: Unsupervised Learning of Compact CSG Trees with Dual Complements and Dropoutscited by 39
  7. 2022ExtrudeNet: Unsupervised Inverse Sketch-and-Extrude for Shape Parsingcited by 38
  8. 2024Img2CAD: Conditioned 3D CAD Model Generation from Single Image with Structured Visual Geometrycited by 35
  9. 2024Img2CAD: Reverse Engineering 3D CAD Models from Images through VLM-Assisted Conditional Factorizationcited by 34
  10. 2024FlexCAD: Unified and Versatile Controllable CAD Generation with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 33
  11. 2024Can Large Language Models Understand Symbolic Graphics Programs?cited by 32
  12. 2022VAEL: Bridging Variational Autoencoders and Probabilistic Logic Programmingcited by 31
  13. 2024TransCAD: A Hierarchical Transformer for CAD Sequence Inference from Point Cloudscited by 29
  14. 2025HoLa: B-Rep Generation using a Holistic Latent Representationcited by 29
  15. 2021CPFN: Cascaded Primitive Fitting Networks for High-Resolution Point Cloudscited by 24
  16. 2023ShapeCoder: Discovering Abstractions for Visual Programs from Unstructured Primitivescited by 22
  17. 2025CADDreamer: CAD Object Generation from Single-view Imagescited by 22
  18. 2022ComplexGen: CAD Reconstruction by B-Rep Chain Complex Generationcited by 17
  19. 2024Split-and-Fit: Learning B-Reps via Structure-Aware Voronoi Partitioningcited by 17
  20. 2025AutoBrep: Autoregressive B-Rep Generation with Unified Topology and Geometrycited by 16
  21. 2025cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
  22. 2022From Perception to Programs: Regularize, Overparameterize, and Amortizecited by 13
  23. 2024NeurCADRecon: Neural Representation for Reconstructing CAD Surfaces by Enforcing Zero Gaussian Curvaturecited by 12
  24. 2025BrepGPT: Autoregressive B-rep Generation with Voronoi Half-Patchcited by 12
  25. 2023Improving Unsupervised Visual Program Inference with Code Rewriting Familiescited by 10
  26. 2025VLMaterial: Procedural Material Generation with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 9
  27. 2025CAD-Judge: Toward Efficient Morphological Grading and Verification for Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 9
  28. 2026Pointer-CAD: Unifying B-Rep and Command Sequences via Pointer-based Edges & Faces Selectioncited by 9
  29. 2024Learning to Edit Visual Programs with Self-Supervisioncited by 7
  30. 2024DiffCSG: Differentiable CSG via Rasterizationcited by 6
  31. 2024Don't Mesh with Me: Generating Constructive Solid Geometry Instead of Meshes by Fine-Tuning a Code-Generation LLMcited by 6
  32. 2025Revisiting CAD Model Generation by Learning Raster Sketchcited by 6
  33. 2022DeepJoin: Learning a Joint Occupancy, Signed Distance, and Normal Field Function for Shape Repaircited by 5
  34. 2024DPA-Net: Structured 3D Abstraction from Sparse Views via Differentiable Primitive Assemblycited by 5
  35. 2024ContrastCAD: Contrastive Learning-based Representation Learning for Computer-Aided Design Modelscited by 5
  36. 2024SweepNet: Unsupervised Learning Shape Abstraction via Neural Sweeperscited by 5
  37. 2025ShapeLib: Designing a library of programmatic 3D shape abstractions with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  38. 2022Implicit Conversion of Manifold B-Rep Solids by Neural Halfspace Representationcited by 4

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