ANYmal Parkour: Learning Agile Navigation for Quadrupedal Robots
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Abstract (arXiv)
Performing agile navigation with four-legged robots is a challenging task due to the highly dynamic motions, contacts with various parts of the robot, and the limited field of view of the perception sensors. In this paper, we propose a fully-learned approach to train such robots and conquer scenarios that are reminiscent of parkour challenges. The method involves training advanced locomotion skills for several types of obstacles, such as walking, jumping, climbing, and crouching, and then using a high-level policy to select and control those skills across the terrain. Thanks to our hierarchical formulation, the navigation policy is aware of the capabilities of each skill, and it will adapt its behavior depending on the scenario at hand. Additionally, a perception module is trained to reconstruct obstacles from highly occluded and noisy sensory data and endows the pipeline with scene understanding. Compared to previous attempts, our method can plan a path for challenging scenarios without expert demonstration, offline computation, a priori knowledge of the environment, or taking contacts explicitly into account. While these modules are trained from simulated data only, our real-world experiments demonstrate successful transfer on hardware, where the robot navigates and crosses consecutive challenging obstacles with speeds of up to two meters per second. The supplementary video can be found on the project website: https://sites.google.com/leggedrobotics.com/agile-navigation
Key facts. Cited by 105 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2023.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 26; 2025: 38; 2026: 33.
105 papers.
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- 2024Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotics: A Survey of Real-World Successescited by 153
- 2023Extreme Parkour with Legged Robotscited by 120
- 2024SplatSim: Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer of RGB Manipulation Policies Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 63
- 2025Visual Imitation Enables Contextual Humanoid Controlcited by 57
- 2024Agile But Safe: Learning Collision-Free High-Speed Legged Locomotioncited by 53
- 2023Not Only Rewards But Also Constraints: Applications on Legged Robot Locomotioncited by 33
- 2023Lifelike Agility and Play in Quadrupedal Robots using Reinforcement Learning and Generative Pre-trained Modelscited by 30
- 2025RSL-RL: A Learning Library for Robotics Researchcited by 28
- 2025PARC: Physics-based Augmentation with Reinforcement Learning for Character Controllerscited by 24
- 2025GaussGym: An open-source real-to-sim framework for learning locomotion from pixelscited by 22
- 2024Local Policies Enable Zero-shot Long-horizon Manipulationcited by 21
- 2024Pedipulate: Enabling Manipulation Skills using a Quadruped Robot's Legcited by 20
38 more
- 2025VR-Robo: A Real-to-Sim-to-Real Framework for Visual Robot Navigation and Locomotioncited by 20
- 2024Learning Force Control for Legged Manipulationcited by 19
- 2023Generalized Animal Imitator: Agile Locomotion with Versatile Motion Priorcited by 17
- 2025MoE-Loco: Mixture of Experts for Multitask Locomotioncited by 17
- 2023Resilient Legged Local Navigation: Learning to Traverse with Compromised Perception End-to-Endcited by 16
- 2025Learning coordinated badminton skills for legged manipulatorscited by 16
- 2024Learning Visual Quadrupedal Loco-Manipulation from Demonstrationscited by 15
- 2024Learning Robot Soccer from Egocentric Vision with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
- 2024Eurekaverse: Environment Curriculum Generation via Large Language Modelscited by 14
- 2026Perceptive Humanoid Parkour: Chaining Dynamic Human Skills via Motion Matchingcited by 13
- 2024Safe Reinforcement Learning on the Constraint Manifold: Theory and Applicationscited by 12
- 2024RobotKeyframing: Learning Locomotion with High-Level Objectives via Mixture of Dense and Sparse Rewardscited by 12
- 2024CaT: Constraints as Terminations for Legged Locomotion Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
- 2024SoloParkour: Constrained Reinforcement Learning for Visual Locomotion from Privileged Experiencecited by 10
- 2025Learning Humanoid Locomotion with World Model Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2024Rethinking Robustness Assessment: Adversarial Attacks on Learning-based Quadrupedal Locomotion Controllerscited by 9
- 2023Learning Diverse Skills for Local Navigation under Multi-constraint Optimalitycited by 7
- 2024HYPERmotion: Learning Hybrid Behavior Planning for Autonomous Loco-manipulationcited by 7
- 2024Robust Robot Walker: Learning Agile Locomotion over Tiny Trapscited by 7
- 2026ALOE: Action-Level Off-Policy Evaluation for Vision-Language-Action Model Post-Trainingcited by 7
- 2024Gaitor: Learning a Unified Representation Across Gaits for Real-World Quadruped Locomotioncited by 6
- 2024Automatic Environment Shaping is the Next Frontier in RLcited by 6
- 2024PIP-Loco: A Proprioceptive Infinite Horizon Planning Framework for Quadrupedal Robot Locomotioncited by 6
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigationcited by 6
- 2024Learning Whole-Body Loco-Manipulation for Omni-Directional Task Space Pose Tracking with a Wheeled-Quadrupedal-Manipulatorcited by 5
- 2025High-Performance Reinforcement Learning on Spot: Optimizing Simulation Parameters with Distributional Measurescited by 5
- 2025Multi-Loco: Unifying Multi-Embodiment Legged Locomotion via Reinforcement Learning Augmented Diffusioncited by 5
- 2026FlashSAC: Fast and Stable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for High-Dimensional Robot Controlcited by 5
- 2024QuadrupedGPT: Towards a Versatile Quadruped Agent in Open-ended Worldscited by 4
- 2025FACET: Force-Adaptive Control via Impedance Reference Tracking for Legged Robotscited by 4
- 2025Olaf: Bringing an Animated Character to Life in the Physical Worldcited by 4
- 2026ZEST: Zero-shot Embodied Skill Transfer for Athletic Robot Controlcited by 4
- 2024Structural Optimization of Lightweight Bipedal Robot via SERLcited by 3
- 2024Offline Adaptation of Quadruped Locomotion using Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2025Symmetry-Guided Memory Augmentation for Efficient Locomotion Learningcited by 3
- 2025First Order Model-Based RL through Decoupled Backpropagationcited by 3
- 2025To Distill or Decide? Understanding the Algorithmic Trade-off in Partially Observable Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2025Discover, Learn, and Reinforce: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Diverse RL-Generated Trajectoriescited by 3
50 most cited of 105 All 105 (JSON)
- 2026DAWN: Noise-Robust Quadruped Parkour via Depth-Denoising World Models24 Sep 2026
- 2026Accelerating Visual Policy Learning with Sampling-Based Model Predictive Control17 Sep 2026
- 2026LEAP: Learning Emergent Active Perception for Quadruped Navigation15 Sep 2026
- 2026MulDP: Multimodal Diffusion Policy for Autonomous Quadruped Parkour Navigation across Complex Terrains3 Sep 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Level Automatic Curriculum Learning for Legged Locomotion on Unstructured Terrain17 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning Fault-Tolerant Locomotion with Adaptive Gait Timing7 Aug 2026
- 2026PAC-MAN: Perception-Aware CBF-RL for Whole-Body Safety in Humanoid Dodgeball30 Jul 2026
- 2026Agile perceptive multi-skill locomotion for quadrupedal robots in the wild15 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Action Priors for Cross-embodiment Robot Manipulation24 Jun 2026
- 2026CTS-MoE: Implicit Terrain Adaptation via Mixture-of-Experts for Perceptive Locomotion17 Jun 2026
- 2026Contactless Respiratory Monitoring on Heterogeneous Mobile Robots: A Multimodal Edge-Computing Framework16 Jun 2026
- 2026Y-BotFrame: An Extensible Embodied Agent Framework for Quadruped Robot Assistants11 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Learning All-Terrain Locomotion for a Planetary Rover with Actively Articulated Suspension5 Jun 2026
- 2026LadderMan: Learning Humanoid Perceptive Ladder Climbing4 Jun 2026
- 2026World-Task Factorization for Robot Learning1 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Dynamic Pick-and-Place for a Legged Manipulator15 May 2026
- 2026Learning What Matters: Adaptive Information-Theoretic Objectives for Robot Exploration12 May 2026
- 2026Constraint-Aware Diffusion Priors for High-Fidelity and Versatile Quadruped Locomotion9 May 2026
- 2026LineRides: Line-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Bicycle Robot Stunts6 May 2026
- 2026FlashSAC: Fast and Stable Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning for High-Dimensional Robot Control6 Apr 2026
- 2026OpenGo: An OpenClaw-Based Robotic Dog with Real-Time Skill Switching2 Apr 2026
- 2026Learning Humanoid Navigation from Human Data1 Apr 2026
- 2026Cooperative-Competitive Team Play of Real-World Craft Robots24 Feb 2026
- 2026CapNav: Benchmarking Vision Language Models on Capability-conditioned Indoor Navigation20 Feb 2026
- 2026Perceptive Humanoid Parkour: Chaining Dynamic Human Skills via Motion Matching17 Feb 2026
- 2026ALOE: Action-Level Off-Policy Evaluation for Vision-Language-Action Model Post-Training13 Feb 2026
- 2026Co-jump: Cooperative Jumping with Quadrupedal Robots via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning11 Feb 2026
- 2026Learning Human-Like Badminton Skills for Humanoid Robots9 Feb 2026
- 2026Coupled Local and Global World Models for Efficient First Order RL5 Feb 2026
- 2026Training and Simulation of Quadrupedal Robot in Adaptive Stair Climbing and Descending for Indoor Firefighting: An End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Approach3 Feb 2026
- 2026ZEST: Zero-shot Embodied Skill Transfer for Athletic Robot Control30 Jan 2026
- 2026PUMA: Perception-driven Unified Foothold Prior for Mobility Augmented Quadruped Parkour22 Jan 2026
- 2026Closing the Reality Gap: Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real Deployment for Dexterous Force-Based Grasping and Manipulation6 Jan 2026
- 2025Olaf: Bringing an Animated Character to Life in the Physical World18 Dec 2025
- 2025Remotely Detectable Robot Policy Watermarking17 Dec 2025
- 2025Discover, Learn, and Reinforce: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Diverse RL-Generated Trajectories24 Nov 2025
- 2025Real-Time Gait Adaptation for Quadrupeds using Model Predictive Control and Reinforcement Learning23 Oct 2025
- 2025GaussGym: An open-source real-to-sim framework for learning locomotion from pixels17 Oct 2025
- 2025Pretraining in Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning for Locomotion14 Oct 2025
- 2025Flexible Locomotion Learning with Diffusion Model Predictive Control5 Oct 2025
- 2025To Distill or Decide? Understanding the Algorithmic Trade-off in Partially Observable Reinforcement Learning3 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning Terrain-Specialized Policies for Adaptive Locomotion in Challenging Environments25 Sep 2025
- 2025RSL-RL: A Learning Library for Robotics Research13 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning to Walk With Less: A Dyna-Style Approach to Quadrupedal Locomotion8 Sep 2025
- 2025First Order Model-Based RL through Decoupled Backpropagation29 Aug 2025
- 2025RoboInspector: Unveiling the Unreliability of Policy Code for LLM-enabled Robotic Manipulation29 Aug 2025
- 2025Bipedalism for Quadrupedal Robots: Versatile Loco-Manipulation through Risk-Adaptive Reinforcement Learning27 Jul 2025
- 2025Reinforcement Learning via Conservative Agent for Environments with Random Delays25 Jul 2025
- 2025Multi-Loco: Unifying Multi-Embodiment Legged Locomotion via Reinforcement Learning Augmented Diffusion13 Jun 2025
- 2025AURA: Autonomous Upskilling with Retrieval-Augmented Agents3 Jun 2025
50 newest of 105 All 105 (JSON)
- 2025Multi-Loco: Unifying Multi-Embodiment Legged Locomotion via Reinforcement Learning Augmented Diffusioncited by 5
- 2024Offline Adaptation of Quadruped Locomotion using Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2025Neural Fidelity Calibration for Informative Sim-to-Real Adaptationcited by 1
- 2025Flexible Locomotion Learning with Diffusion Model Predictive Controlcited by 1
- 2026Constraint-Aware Diffusion Priors for High-Fidelity and Versatile Quadruped Locomotioncited by 1
- 2025ADEPT: Adaptive Diffusion Environment for Policy Transfer Sim-to-Realcited by 0
- 2026MulDP: Multimodal Diffusion Policy for Autonomous Quadruped Parkour Navigation across Complex Terrainscited by 0
- 2026MulDP: Multimodal Diffusion Policy for Autonomous Quadruped Parkour Navigation across Complex Terrains3 Sep 2026
- 2026Constraint-Aware Diffusion Priors for High-Fidelity and Versatile Quadruped Locomotion9 May 2026
- 2025Flexible Locomotion Learning with Diffusion Model Predictive Control5 Oct 2025
- 2025Multi-Loco: Unifying Multi-Embodiment Legged Locomotion via Reinforcement Learning Augmented Diffusion13 Jun 2025
- 2025ADEPT: Adaptive Diffusion Environment for Policy Transfer Sim-to-Real2 Jun 2025
- 2025Neural Fidelity Calibration for Informative Sim-to-Real Adaptation11 Apr 2025
- 2024Offline Adaptation of Quadruped Locomotion using Diffusion Models13 Nov 2024
- 2024Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robotics: A Survey of Real-World Successescited by 153
- 2023Extreme Parkour with Legged Robotscited by 120
- 2024SplatSim: Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfer of RGB Manipulation Policies Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 63
- 2025Visual Imitation Enables Contextual Humanoid Controlcited by 57
- 2024Agile But Safe: Learning Collision-Free High-Speed Legged Locomotioncited by 53
- 2023Not Only Rewards But Also Constraints: Applications on Legged Robot Locomotioncited by 33
- 2023Lifelike Agility and Play in Quadrupedal Robots using Reinforcement Learning and Generative Pre-trained Modelscited by 30
- 2025RSL-RL: A Learning Library for Robotics Researchcited by 28
- 2025PARC: Physics-based Augmentation with Reinforcement Learning for Character Controllerscited by 24
- 2025GaussGym: An open-source real-to-sim framework for learning locomotion from pixelscited by 22
- 2024Local Policies Enable Zero-shot Long-horizon Manipulationcited by 21
- 2024Pedipulate: Enabling Manipulation Skills using a Quadruped Robot's Legcited by 20
12 most cited of 85 All 85 (JSON)
- 2026Accelerating Visual Policy Learning with Sampling-Based Model Predictive Control17 Sep 2026
- 2026LEAP: Learning Emergent Active Perception for Quadruped Navigation15 Sep 2026
- 2026Trajectory-Level Automatic Curriculum Learning for Legged Locomotion on Unstructured Terrain17 Aug 2026
- 2026Learning Fault-Tolerant Locomotion with Adaptive Gait Timing7 Aug 2026
- 2026PAC-MAN: Perception-Aware CBF-RL for Whole-Body Safety in Humanoid Dodgeball30 Jul 2026
- 2026Agile perceptive multi-skill locomotion for quadrupedal robots in the wild15 Jul 2026
- 2026Contactless Respiratory Monitoring on Heterogeneous Mobile Robots: A Multimodal Edge-Computing Framework16 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning All-Terrain Locomotion for a Planetary Rover with Actively Articulated Suspension5 Jun 2026
- 2026LadderMan: Learning Humanoid Perceptive Ladder Climbing4 Jun 2026
- 2026World-Task Factorization for Robot Learning1 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning Dynamic Pick-and-Place for a Legged Manipulator15 May 2026
- 2026Learning What Matters: Adaptive Information-Theoretic Objectives for Robot Exploration12 May 2026
12 newest of 85 All 85 (JSON)