PatchCleanser: Certifiably Robust Defense against Adversarial Patches for Any Image Classifier
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Abstract (arXiv)
The adversarial patch attack against image classification models aims to inject adversarially crafted pixels within a restricted image region (i.e., a patch) for inducing model misclassification. This attack can be realized in the physical world by printing and attaching the patch to the victim object; thus, it imposes a real-world threat to computer vision systems. To counter this threat, we design PatchCleanser as a certifiably robust defense against adversarial patches. In PatchCleanser, we perform two rounds of pixel masking on the input image to neutralize the effect of the adversarial patch. This image-space operation makes PatchCleanser compatible with any state-of-the-art image classifier for achieving high accuracy. Furthermore, we can prove that PatchCleanser will always predict the correct class labels on certain images against any adaptive white-box attacker within our threat model, achieving certified robustness. We extensively evaluate PatchCleanser on the ImageNet, ImageNette, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN, and Flowers-102 datasets and demonstrate that our defense achieves similar clean accuracy as state-of-the-art classification models and also significantly improves certified robustness from prior works. Remarkably, PatchCleanser achieves 83.9% top-1 clean accuracy and 62.1% top-1 certified robust accuracy against a 2%-pixel square patch anywhere on the image for the 1000-class ImageNet dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 56 of its 83 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2021.
Builds on
56 of 83 references.
References · 56
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- 2020Reliable evaluation of adversarial robustness with an ensemble of diverse parameter-free attackscited by 1,442
- 2021MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Visioncited by 1,441
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- 2015The Limitations of Deep Learning in Adversarial Settingscited by 784
- 2019Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learningcited by 766
- 2017Evasion Attacks against Machine Learning at Test Timecited by 686
- 2015Distillation as a Defense to Adversarial Perturbations against Deep Neural Networkscited by 675
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- 2017Adversarial Examples Are Not Easily Detected: Bypassing Ten Detection Methodscited by 542
- 2017Adversarial Patchcited by 514
- 2018Image Inpainting for Irregular Holes Using Partial Convolutionscited by 505
- 2017Feature Squeezing: Detecting Adversarial Examples in Deep Neural Networkscited by 484
- 2018Certified Robustness to Adversarial Examples with Differential Privacycited by 462
- 2021ResMLP: Feedforward networks for image classification with data-efficient trainingcited by 338
- 2019Provably Robust Deep Learning via Adversarially Trained Smoothed Classifierscited by 328
- 2018Certified Defenses against Adversarial Examplescited by 305
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- 2018LaVAN: Localized and Visible Adversarial Noisecited by 112
- 2020Certified Defenses for Adversarial Patchescited by 100
- 2020(De)Randomized Smoothing for Certifiable Defense against Patch Attackscited by 97
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- 2020PatchAttack: A Black-box Texture-based Attack with Reinforcement Learningcited by 67
- 2019Defending Against Physically Realizable Attacks on Image Classificationcited by 66
- 2019Tight Certificates of Adversarial Robustness for Randomly Smoothed Classifierscited by 65
- 2019Robustness Certificates for Sparse Adversarial Attacks by Randomized Ablationcited by 59
- 2020Adversarial Training against Location-Optimized Adversarial Patchescited by 50
- 2020Compositional Convolutional Neural Networks: A Deep Architecture with Innate Robustness to Partial Occlusioncited by 47
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- 2021PatchGuard++: Efficient Provable Attack Detection against Adversarial Patchescited by 29
50 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 8; 2023: 20; 2024: 18; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.
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- 2025Robustness Analysis against Adversarial Patch Attacks in Fully Unmanned Stores13 May 2025
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