Towards Automatic Face-to-Face Translation
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Abstract (arXiv)
In light of the recent breakthroughs in automatic machine translation systems, we propose a novel approach that we term as "Face-to-Face Translation". As today's digital communication becomes increasingly visual, we argue that there is a need for systems that can automatically translate a video of a person speaking in language A into a target language B with realistic lip synchronization. In this work, we create an automatic pipeline for this problem and demonstrate its impact on multiple real-world applications. First, we build a working speech-to-speech translation system by bringing together multiple existing modules from speech and language. We then move towards "Face-to-Face Translation" by incorporating a novel visual module, LipGAN for generating realistic talking faces from the translated audio. Quantitative evaluation of LipGAN on the standard LRW test set shows that it significantly outperforms existing approaches across all standard metrics. We also subject our Face-to-Face Translation pipeline, to multiple human evaluations and show that it can significantly improve the overall user experience for consuming and interacting with multimodal content across languages. Code, models and demo video are made publicly available. Demo video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHG6Oei8jF0 Code and models: https://github.com/Rudrabha/LipGAN
Key facts. Cited by 95 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 22; 2023: 31; 2024: 14; 2025: 15; 2026: 4.
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- 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 380
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2023DiffTalk: Crafting Diffusion Models for Generalized Audio-Driven Portraits Animationcited by 136
- 2022VideoReTalking: Audio-based Lip Synchronization for Talking Head Video Editing In the Wildcited by 106
- 2023Identity-Preserving Talking Face Generation with Landmark and Appearance Priorscited by 97
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 86
- 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
- 2023A Complete Survey on Generative AI (AIGC): Is ChatGPT from GPT-4 to GPT-5 All You Need?cited by 84
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2022DFA-NeRF: Personalized Talking Head Generation via Disentangled Face Attributes Neural Renderingcited by 80
- 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
- 2023DINet: Deformation Inpainting Network for Realistic Face Visually Dubbing on High Resolution Videocited by 73
38 more
- 2021LipSync3D: Data-Efficient Learning of Personalized 3D Talking Faces from Video using Pose and Lighting Normalizationcited by 67
- 2023SelfTalk: A Self-Supervised Commutative Training Diagram to Comprehend 3D Talking Facescited by 67
- 2022SyncTalkFace: Talking Face Generation with Precise Lip-Syncing via Audio-Lip Memorycited by 65
- 2022MARLIN: Masked Autoencoder for facial video Representation LearnINgcited by 55
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Modelscited by 55
- 2024LatentSync: Taming Audio-Conditioned Latent Diffusion Models for Lip Sync with SyncNet Supervisioncited by 53
- 2023Diff2Lip: Audio Conditioned Diffusion Models for Lip-Synchronizationcited by 49
- 2023VividTalk: One-Shot Audio-Driven Talking Head Generation Based on 3D Hybrid Priorcited by 47
- 2023Glitch in the Matrix: A Large Scale Benchmark for Content Driven Audio-Visual Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 42
- 2021Audio-Visual Synchronisation in the wildcited by 39
- 2023MODA: Mapping-Once Audio-driven Portrait Animation with Dual Attentionscited by 29
- 2023FT2TF: First-Person Statement Text-To-Talking Face Generationcited by 26
- 2022Towards Realistic Visual Dubbing with Heterogeneous Sourcescited by 24
- 2022Deep Learning for Visual Speech Analysis: A Surveycited by 21
- 2024Faces that Speak: Jointly Synthesising Talking Face and Speech from Textcited by 21
- 2023DaGAN++: Depth-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for Talking Head Video Generationcited by 20
- 2022Face-Dubbing++: Lip-Synchronous, Voice Preserving Translation of Videoscited by 18
- 2022Audio-Visual Face Reenactmentcited by 18
- 2022Deep Face Restoration: A Surveycited by 17
- 2024Learn2Talk: 3D Talking Face Learns from 2D Talking Facecited by 16
- 2024PersonaTalk: Bring Attention to Your Persona in Visual Dubbingcited by 15
- 2022StyleTalker: One-shot Style-based Audio-driven Talking Head Video Generationcited by 14
- 2023AV2AV: Direct Audio-Visual Speech to Audio-Visual Speech Translation with Unified Audio-Visual Speech Representationcited by 14
- 2023Audio-driven Talking Face Generation with Stabilized Synchronization Losscited by 13
- 2021More than Words: In-the-Wild Visually-Driven Prosody for Text-to-Speechcited by 12
- 2023StyleLipSync: Style-based Personalized Lip-sync Video Generationcited by 12
- 2022KazakhTTS2: Extending the Open-Source Kazakh TTS Corpus With More Data, Speakers, and Topicscited by 10
- 2022Compressing Video Calls using Synthetic Talking Headscited by 10
- 2023DiffDub: Person-generic Visual Dubbing Using Inpainting Renderer with Diffusion Auto-encodercited by 10
- 2024MoDiTalker: Motion-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Talking Head Generationcited by 10
- 2025Monocular and Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Animationcited by 10
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splattingcited by 9
- 2022Lip-to-Speech Synthesis for Arbitrary Speakers in the Wildcited by 8
- 2023That's What I Said: Fully-Controllable Talking Face Generationcited by 8
- 2024NeRFFaceSpeech: One-shot Audio-driven 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Generative Priorcited by 8
- 2021Parallel and High-Fidelity Text-to-Lip Generationcited by 7
- 2022Attention-Based Lip Audio-Visual Synthesis for Talking Face Generation in the Wildcited by 7
- 2024Make Your Actor Talk: Generalizable and High-Fidelity Lip Sync with Motion and Appearance Disentanglementcited by 7
50 most cited of 95 All 95 (JSON)
- 2026Do Protective Perturbations Really Protect Portrait Privacy under Real-world Image Transformations?26 Apr 2026
- 2026Narrating For You: Prompt-guided Audio-visual Narrating Face Generation Employing Multi-entangled Latent Space20 Feb 2026
- 2026LPIPS-AttnWav2Lip: Generic Audio-Driven lip synchronization for Talking Head Generation in the Wild30 Jan 2026
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformers29 Jan 2026
- 2025From Inpainting to Editing: Unlocking Robust Mask-Free Visual Dubbing via Generative Bootstrapping31 Dec 2025
- 2025Generative AI for Video Translation: A Scalable Architecture for Multilingual Video Conferencing15 Dec 2025
- 2025SynchroRaMa : Lip-Synchronized and Emotion-Aware Talking Face Generation via Multi-Modal Emotion Embedding24 Sep 2025
- 2025Mask-Free Audio-driven Talking Face Generation for Enhanced Visual Quality and Identity Preservation28 Jul 2025
- 2025Few-Shot Identity Adaptation for 3D Talking Heads via Global Gaussian Field27 Jun 2025
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splatting17 Jun 2025
- 2025MMGT: Motion Mask Guided Two-Stage Network for Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation29 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Listener: Dyadic Facial Motion Synthesis via Action Diffusion29 Apr 2025
38 more
- 2025FluentLip: A Phonemes-Based Two-stage Approach for Audio-Driven Lip Synthesis with Optical Flow Consistency6 Apr 2025
- 2025Monocular and Generalizable Gaussian Talking Head Animation1 Apr 2025
- 2025UniSync: A Unified Framework for Audio-Visual Synchronization20 Mar 2025
- 2025Unlock Pose Diversity: Accurate and Efficient Implicit Keypoint-based Spatiotemporal Diffusion for Audio-driven Talking Portrait17 Mar 2025
- 2025MAVFlow: Preserving Paralinguistic Elements with Conditional Flow Matching for Zero-Shot AV2AV Multilingual Translation14 Mar 2025
- 2025Removing Averaging: Personalized Lip-Sync Driven Characters Based on Identity Adapter9 Mar 2025
- 2025Identity-Preserving Video Dubbing Using Motion Warping8 Jan 2025
- 2024LatentSync: Taming Audio-Conditioned Latent Diffusion Models for Lip Sync with SyncNet Supervision12 Dec 2024
- 2024PersonaTalk: Bring Attention to Your Persona in Visual Dubbing9 Sep 2024
- 2024KAN-Based Fusion of Dual-Domain for Audio-Driven Facial Landmarks Generation9 Sep 2024
- 2024FD2Talk: Towards Generalized Talking Head Generation with Facial Decoupled Diffusion Model18 Aug 2024
- 2024Style-Preserving Lip Sync via Audio-Aware Style Reference10 Aug 2024
- 2024The DeepSpeak Dataset9 Aug 2024
- 2024Make Your Actor Talk: Generalizable and High-Fidelity Lip Sync with Motion and Appearance Disentanglement12 Jun 2024
- 2024Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicit Facial Keypoints Editing5 Jun 2024
- 2024OpFlowTalker: Realistic and Natural Talking Face Generation via Optical Flow Guidance23 May 2024
- 2024Faces that Speak: Jointly Synthesising Talking Face and Speech from Text16 May 2024
- 2024NeRFFaceSpeech: One-shot Audio-driven 3D Talking Head Synthesis via Generative Prior9 May 2024
- 2024Learn2Talk: 3D Talking Face Learns from 2D Talking Face19 Apr 2024
- 2024MoDiTalker: Motion-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Talking Head Generation28 Mar 2024
- 2024Dubbing for Everyone: Data-Efficient Visual Dubbing using Neural Rendering Priors11 Jan 2024
- 2023TransFace: Unit-Based Audio-Visual Speech Synthesizer for Talking Head Translation23 Dec 2023
- 2023FaceTalk: Audio-Driven Motion Diffusion for Neural Parametric Head Models13 Dec 2023
- 2023GMTalker: Gaussian Mixture-based Audio-Driven Emotional Talking Video Portraits12 Dec 2023
- 2023GSmoothFace: Generalized Smooth Talking Face Generation via Fine Grained 3D Face Guidance12 Dec 2023
- 2023FT2TF: First-Person Statement Text-To-Talking Face Generation9 Dec 2023
- 2023AV2AV: Direct Audio-Visual Speech to Audio-Visual Speech Translation with Unified Audio-Visual Speech Representation5 Dec 2023
- 2023VividTalk: One-Shot Audio-Driven Talking Head Generation Based on 3D Hybrid Prior4 Dec 2023
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesis29 Nov 2023
- 2023ChatAnything: Facetime Chat with LLM-Enhanced Personas12 Nov 2023
- 2023DiffDub: Person-generic Visual Dubbing Using Inpainting Renderer with Diffusion Auto-encoder3 Nov 2023
- 2023HyperLips: Hyper Control Lips with High Resolution Decoder for Talking Face Generation9 Oct 2023
- 2023OSM-Net: One-to-Many One-shot Talking Head Generation with Spontaneous Head Motions28 Sep 2023
- 2023TRAVID: An End-to-End Video Translation Framework20 Sep 2023
- 2023RADIO: Reference-Agnostic Dubbing Video Synthesis5 Sep 2023
- 2023Diff2Lip: Audio Conditioned Diffusion Models for Lip-Synchronization18 Aug 2023
- 2023Controlling Character Motions without Observable Driving Source11 Aug 2023
- 2023MODA: Mapping-Once Audio-driven Portrait Animation with Dual Attentions19 Jul 2023
50 newest of 95 All 95 (JSON)
- 2023DiffTalk: Crafting Diffusion Models for Generalized Audio-Driven Portraits Animationcited by 136
- 2024LatentSync: Taming Audio-Conditioned Latent Diffusion Models for Lip Sync with SyncNet Supervisioncited by 53
- 2023Diff2Lip: Audio Conditioned Diffusion Models for Lip-Synchronizationcited by 49
- 2024MoDiTalker: Motion-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Talking Head Generationcited by 10
- 2024FD2Talk: Towards Generalized Talking Head Generation with Facial Decoupled Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformerscited by 2
- 2025MAVFlow: Preserving Paralinguistic Elements with Conditional Flow Matching for Zero-Shot AV2AV Multilingual Translationcited by 0
- 2026EditYourself: Audio-Driven Generation and Manipulation of Talking Head Videos with Diffusion Transformers29 Jan 2026
- 2025MAVFlow: Preserving Paralinguistic Elements with Conditional Flow Matching for Zero-Shot AV2AV Multilingual Translation14 Mar 2025
- 2024LatentSync: Taming Audio-Conditioned Latent Diffusion Models for Lip Sync with SyncNet Supervision12 Dec 2024
- 2024FD2Talk: Towards Generalized Talking Head Generation with Facial Decoupled Diffusion Model18 Aug 2024
- 2024MoDiTalker: Motion-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Talking Head Generation28 Mar 2024
- 2023Diff2Lip: Audio Conditioned Diffusion Models for Lip-Synchronization18 Aug 2023
- 2023DiffTalk: Crafting Diffusion Models for Generalized Audio-Driven Portraits Animation10 Jan 2023
- 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 380
- 2021Pose-Controllable Talking Face Generation by Implicitly Modularized Audio-Visual Representationcited by 288
- 2022VideoReTalking: Audio-based Lip Synchronization for Talking Head Video Editing In the Wildcited by 106
- 2023Identity-Preserving Talking Face Generation with Landmark and Appearance Priorscited by 97
- 2023SyncTalk: The Devil is in the Synchronization for Talking Head Synthesiscited by 86
- 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
- 2023A Complete Survey on Generative AI (AIGC): Is ChatGPT from GPT-4 to GPT-5 All You Need?cited by 84
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2022DFA-NeRF: Personalized Talking Head Generation via Disentangled Face Attributes Neural Renderingcited by 80
- 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
- 2023DINet: Deformation Inpainting Network for Realistic Face Visually Dubbing on High Resolution Videocited by 73
- 2021LipSync3D: Data-Efficient Learning of Personalized 3D Talking Faces from Video using Pose and Lighting Normalizationcited by 67
12 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)
- 2026Do Protective Perturbations Really Protect Portrait Privacy under Real-world Image Transformations?26 Apr 2026
- 2026Narrating For You: Prompt-guided Audio-visual Narrating Face Generation Employing Multi-entangled Latent Space20 Feb 2026
- 2026LPIPS-AttnWav2Lip: Generic Audio-Driven lip synchronization for Talking Head Generation in the Wild30 Jan 2026
- 2025From Inpainting to Editing: Unlocking Robust Mask-Free Visual Dubbing via Generative Bootstrapping31 Dec 2025
- 2025Generative AI for Video Translation: A Scalable Architecture for Multilingual Video Conferencing15 Dec 2025
- 2025SynchroRaMa : Lip-Synchronized and Emotion-Aware Talking Face Generation via Multi-Modal Emotion Embedding24 Sep 2025
- 2025Mask-Free Audio-driven Talking Face Generation for Enhanced Visual Quality and Identity Preservation28 Jul 2025
- 2025Few-Shot Identity Adaptation for 3D Talking Heads via Global Gaussian Field27 Jun 2025
- 2025SyncTalk++: High-Fidelity and Efficient Synchronized Talking Heads Synthesis Using Gaussian Splatting17 Jun 2025
- 2025MMGT: Motion Mask Guided Two-Stage Network for Co-Speech Gesture Video Generation29 May 2025
- 2025Efficient Listener: Dyadic Facial Motion Synthesis via Action Diffusion29 Apr 2025
- 2025FluentLip: A Phonemes-Based Two-stage Approach for Audio-Driven Lip Synthesis with Optical Flow Consistency6 Apr 2025
12 newest of 87 All 87 (JSON)